Abstract Dickeya dadantii is the causal agent of bacterial stalk rot and one of the most destructive and widespread diseases of the sorghum in the world. Here, we explored microbe-based approaches for managing this destructive pathogen, intending to provide alternatives for integrated disease management. The objective of the research was to decipher the effect of antagonistic microbes on systemic defense enzymes, histochemical changes, plant growth attributes, reduction in disease severity, and interaction of these antagonistic microbes with host. Trichoderma , Pseudomonas , and Bacillus isolates were collected from rhizospheric soil and characterized using morphological and molecular tools. ITS and 16S rRNA sequences were analyzed to determine the molecular characterization of all antagonist microbes, and they were identified as T. asperellum, T. viride , T. harzianum, B. subtilis , and P. flourescens . These isolates were evaluated for antibacterial properties against D. dadantii under in vitro conditions and showed the higher inhibition in a dual culture method. Further, the effects of seed bio-priming and soil application of these isolates were tested under glasshouse and field conditions. T. viride outperformed the other isolates, significantly enhancing the plant growth parameters and induced resistance to Dickeya dadantii (BSR). T. viride showed a significantly higher accumulation of defensive enzymes, viz. PAL (1.02), PO (1.70), PPO (1.25), CAT (1.11), and TPC (0.91) at 48 h after pathogen challenge, as compared to the control. Histochemical tests confirmed lignification and callose deposition in the cell walls of the treated plants. Antagonist microbes were further evaluated under field conditions against D. dadantii infection. Compared to the control, there is a significant enhancement of plant growth parameters and yield with a simultaneous decrease in disease severity in T. viride treated plants. Results showed that the potential benefits of T. viride could not only effectively induce resistance in plants, enhance plant growth, increase yield, and suppress pathogen infection but also reduce the use of hazardous pesticides. As a result of correlation, PCA and heat map analyses indicated that T. viride is interconnected to determine the crop ability to sustain its growth under pathogen stress.
{"title":"Elicitation of native bio protective microbial agents associated systemic defense responses and plant growth promotion against bacterial stalk rot pathogen in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)","authors":"Sujata Singh Yadav, Anshul Arya, Vishal Singh, Yogendra Singh","doi":"10.1186/s42483-023-00202-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-023-00202-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dickeya dadantii is the causal agent of bacterial stalk rot and one of the most destructive and widespread diseases of the sorghum in the world. Here, we explored microbe-based approaches for managing this destructive pathogen, intending to provide alternatives for integrated disease management. The objective of the research was to decipher the effect of antagonistic microbes on systemic defense enzymes, histochemical changes, plant growth attributes, reduction in disease severity, and interaction of these antagonistic microbes with host. Trichoderma , Pseudomonas , and Bacillus isolates were collected from rhizospheric soil and characterized using morphological and molecular tools. ITS and 16S rRNA sequences were analyzed to determine the molecular characterization of all antagonist microbes, and they were identified as T. asperellum, T. viride , T. harzianum, B. subtilis , and P. flourescens . These isolates were evaluated for antibacterial properties against D. dadantii under in vitro conditions and showed the higher inhibition in a dual culture method. Further, the effects of seed bio-priming and soil application of these isolates were tested under glasshouse and field conditions. T. viride outperformed the other isolates, significantly enhancing the plant growth parameters and induced resistance to Dickeya dadantii (BSR). T. viride showed a significantly higher accumulation of defensive enzymes, viz. PAL (1.02), PO (1.70), PPO (1.25), CAT (1.11), and TPC (0.91) at 48 h after pathogen challenge, as compared to the control. Histochemical tests confirmed lignification and callose deposition in the cell walls of the treated plants. Antagonist microbes were further evaluated under field conditions against D. dadantii infection. Compared to the control, there is a significant enhancement of plant growth parameters and yield with a simultaneous decrease in disease severity in T. viride treated plants. Results showed that the potential benefits of T. viride could not only effectively induce resistance in plants, enhance plant growth, increase yield, and suppress pathogen infection but also reduce the use of hazardous pesticides. As a result of correlation, PCA and heat map analyses indicated that T. viride is interconnected to determine the crop ability to sustain its growth under pathogen stress.","PeriodicalId":20098,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136235748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Apple Valsa canker (AVC) has caused significant losses worldwide, especially in East Asia. Various fungal species from the genus Cytospora / Valsa can infect tree bark and cause tissue rot, and Valsa mali ( Vm ) is responsible for the most severe tree branch deaths and yield losses. Since AVC was first reported in Japan in 1903, the pathogen species, biological characteristics, infection and pathogenesis, spore dissemination, and disease cycle have been intensively investigated. Based on the new cognition of the disease dynamics, the disease control strategy has shifted from scraping diseased tissue to protecting the bark from infection. In this review, we summarize new knowledge of the Vm infection process mediated by various kinds of virulence factors, including cell wall degrading enzymes, toxins, effectors, microRNA-like RNAs, and pathogenic signaling regulators. We also introduce progress in evaluating germplasm resources and identifying disease response-related genes in apples. In addition, we elaborate current understanding of spore dissemination and disease cycles in orchards and disease prevention techniques. Finally, we provide recommendations for developing more cost-effective strategies for controlling AVC by applying genetic resistance and biological fungicides.
摘要苹果瓦尔萨溃疡病(AVC)在世界范围内造成了重大损失，特别是在东亚地区。来自胞孢菌属(Cytospora / Valsa)的各种真菌可以感染树皮并引起组织腐烂，其中Valsa mali (Vm)是造成最严重的树枝死亡和产量损失的罪魁祸首。自1903年日本首次报道AVC以来，人们对AVC的病原种类、生物学特性、感染和发病机制、孢子传播和疾病周期进行了深入的研究。基于对疾病动力学的新认识，疾病控制策略从刮除病变组织转向保护树皮免受感染。在这篇综述中，我们总结了各种毒力因子介导的Vm感染过程的新知识，包括细胞壁降解酶、毒素、效应物、microrna样rna和致病性信号调节因子。介绍了苹果种质资源评价和病害反应相关基因鉴定的进展。此外，我们还阐述了目前对果园孢子传播和疾病周期的理解以及疾病预防技术。最后，我们提出了利用遗传抗性和生物杀菌剂开发更经济有效的防治AVC策略的建议。
{"title":"Apple Valsa canker: insights into pathogenesis and disease control","authors":"Hao Feng, Chengli Wang, Yanting He, Lin Tang, Pengliang Han, Jiahao Liang, Lili Huang","doi":"10.1186/s42483-023-00200-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-023-00200-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Apple Valsa canker (AVC) has caused significant losses worldwide, especially in East Asia. Various fungal species from the genus Cytospora / Valsa can infect tree bark and cause tissue rot, and Valsa mali ( Vm ) is responsible for the most severe tree branch deaths and yield losses. Since AVC was first reported in Japan in 1903, the pathogen species, biological characteristics, infection and pathogenesis, spore dissemination, and disease cycle have been intensively investigated. Based on the new cognition of the disease dynamics, the disease control strategy has shifted from scraping diseased tissue to protecting the bark from infection. In this review, we summarize new knowledge of the Vm infection process mediated by various kinds of virulence factors, including cell wall degrading enzymes, toxins, effectors, microRNA-like RNAs, and pathogenic signaling regulators. We also introduce progress in evaluating germplasm resources and identifying disease response-related genes in apples. In addition, we elaborate current understanding of spore dissemination and disease cycles in orchards and disease prevention techniques. Finally, we provide recommendations for developing more cost-effective strategies for controlling AVC by applying genetic resistance and biological fungicides.","PeriodicalId":20098,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135437067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-12DOI: 10.1186/s42483-023-00199-5
Mir Muhammad Nizamani, Qian Zhang, Ghulam Muhae-Ud-Din, Yong Wang
Abstract High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has instigated a paradigm shift in plant pathology, showcasing its transformative role in the management of plant diseases. As a powerful tool, HTS aids in identifying pathogens and enhances disease management strategies by detecting novel and emerging pathogens, tracking disease outbreaks, and contributing to developing disease-resistant cultivars. Despite these benefits, the implementation of HTS faces obstacles due to the complexity of data interpretation and economic factors that affect its widespread adoption. This comprehensive review summarizes the strengths, limitations, and opportunities associated with using HTS in managing plant diseases. The article also delves into the prospects of HTS, incorporating technological advancements, synergy with complementary methodologies, capacity-building initiatives, and the development of best practices and guidelines. By acknowledging and addressing these obstacles while harnessing the full capabilities of HTS, we advocate for a refined approach to managing plant diseases. This approach is critical for ensuring global food security, especially in the context of a growing global population and climate change.
{"title":"High-throughput sequencing in plant disease management: a comprehensive review of benefits, challenges, and future perspectives","authors":"Mir Muhammad Nizamani, Qian Zhang, Ghulam Muhae-Ud-Din, Yong Wang","doi":"10.1186/s42483-023-00199-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-023-00199-5","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has instigated a paradigm shift in plant pathology, showcasing its transformative role in the management of plant diseases. As a powerful tool, HTS aids in identifying pathogens and enhances disease management strategies by detecting novel and emerging pathogens, tracking disease outbreaks, and contributing to developing disease-resistant cultivars. Despite these benefits, the implementation of HTS faces obstacles due to the complexity of data interpretation and economic factors that affect its widespread adoption. This comprehensive review summarizes the strengths, limitations, and opportunities associated with using HTS in managing plant diseases. The article also delves into the prospects of HTS, incorporating technological advancements, synergy with complementary methodologies, capacity-building initiatives, and the development of best practices and guidelines. By acknowledging and addressing these obstacles while harnessing the full capabilities of HTS, we advocate for a refined approach to managing plant diseases. This approach is critical for ensuring global food security, especially in the context of a growing global population and climate change.","PeriodicalId":20098,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135824554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-11DOI: 10.1186/s42483-023-00197-7
Jian-Ling Peng, Jia-Feng Shi, Zeng-Feng Ma, Xiao-Long Zhou, Wen-Xin Ye, Qian Su, Gui-Ning Zhu, Ji-Liang Tang, Rui-Fang Li, Guang-Tao Lu
Abstract Xrv proteins are a group of regulators in Xanthomonas spp., belonging to the histone-like nucleoid-structuring (H-NS) proteins of Gram-negative bacteria. The rice bacterial leaf streak pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola ( Xoc ) harbors three Xrv proteins, the XrvA, XrvB, and XrvC. Here, we report that in Xoc , the XrvB but not XrvA and XrvC is involved in negative regulation of the type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded by hrp genes. As with other Xanthomonas spp., the T3SS is an essential virulence determinant of Xoc and the expression of the hrp genes in Xoc is controlled by the HrpG/HrpX regulatory cascade. HrpG positively regulates the expression of HrpX, which in turn activates the transcription of the hrp genes. We provide evidences to demonstrate that the XrvB binds to the promoter region of hrpG and represses its transcription. Furthermore, we found that XrvB production was induced in the Xoc cells cultured in a nutrient-rich medium compared to a hrp -inducing minimal medium. We also found that in Xoc , the hrpG expression level is inversely correlated with the content of XrvB, and XrvB occupancy at hrpG promoter region is positively correlated with XrvB levels. Our data suggest that XrvB is a determinative factor controlling the expression levels of HrpG. In addition, mutation analysis revealed that the Xoc XrvB also plays positive roles in regulating bacterial growth, cell motility, and stress tolerance. Our findings provide important insights into the molecular mechanism of T3SS expression regulation in Xoc .
{"title":"XrvB regulates the type III secretion system by directly repressing hrpG transcription in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola","authors":"Jian-Ling Peng, Jia-Feng Shi, Zeng-Feng Ma, Xiao-Long Zhou, Wen-Xin Ye, Qian Su, Gui-Ning Zhu, Ji-Liang Tang, Rui-Fang Li, Guang-Tao Lu","doi":"10.1186/s42483-023-00197-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-023-00197-7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Xrv proteins are a group of regulators in Xanthomonas spp., belonging to the histone-like nucleoid-structuring (H-NS) proteins of Gram-negative bacteria. The rice bacterial leaf streak pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola ( Xoc ) harbors three Xrv proteins, the XrvA, XrvB, and XrvC. Here, we report that in Xoc , the XrvB but not XrvA and XrvC is involved in negative regulation of the type III secretion system (T3SS) encoded by hrp genes. As with other Xanthomonas spp., the T3SS is an essential virulence determinant of Xoc and the expression of the hrp genes in Xoc is controlled by the HrpG/HrpX regulatory cascade. HrpG positively regulates the expression of HrpX, which in turn activates the transcription of the hrp genes. We provide evidences to demonstrate that the XrvB binds to the promoter region of hrpG and represses its transcription. Furthermore, we found that XrvB production was induced in the Xoc cells cultured in a nutrient-rich medium compared to a hrp -inducing minimal medium. We also found that in Xoc , the hrpG expression level is inversely correlated with the content of XrvB, and XrvB occupancy at hrpG promoter region is positively correlated with XrvB levels. Our data suggest that XrvB is a determinative factor controlling the expression levels of HrpG. In addition, mutation analysis revealed that the Xoc XrvB also plays positive roles in regulating bacterial growth, cell motility, and stress tolerance. Our findings provide important insights into the molecular mechanism of T3SS expression regulation in Xoc .","PeriodicalId":20098,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology Research","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135980654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1186/s42483-023-00195-9
Fengcheng Zhang, Tingting Tang, Fan Li, Weisi Guo
{"title":"Characterization of mating type, spore killing, and pathogenicity of Fusarium verticillioides populations from maize in China","authors":"Fengcheng Zhang, Tingting Tang, Fan Li, Weisi Guo","doi":"10.1186/s42483-023-00195-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-023-00195-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20098,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47490421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1186/s42483-023-00191-z
Jing Luo, Yan Chen, Yuan Guo, He Li, Shengpei Zhang
{"title":"The E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme CfRad6 regulates the autophagy and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum fructicola on Camellia oleifera","authors":"Jing Luo, Yan Chen, Yuan Guo, He Li, Shengpei Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s42483-023-00191-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42483-023-00191-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20098,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47003087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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