首页 > 最新文献

Planta Daninha最新文献

英文 中文
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Slender Amaranth Weed 纤细苋菜杂草的抗菌和抗氧化活性
IF 0.8 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-83582020380100006
M. Akbar, I. Sherazi, M. S. Iqbal, T. Khalil, H. Waqas
ABSTRACT: In the present study, antibacterial and antioxidant [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity] activities of a weed, slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) were investigated. Extracts of different plant parts were prepared in n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity was measured by using 100 mg mL-1 concentration extracts against 4 deadly phytopathogenic bacterial species viz. Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall, Ralstonia solanacearum Smith, Erwinia carotovora (Jones), Holland and Xanthomonas axonopodis Hasse. In antioxidants assays, 10, 20 and 30 mg mL-1 extracts were used keeping DPPH as control. In these bioassays, ethyl acetate fraction of A. viridis leaf exhibited the best antibacterial and antioxidants activity. Ethyl acetate leaf fraction showed the highest inhibition zone diameter (IZD) where it caused 21 mm IZD against P. syringae and 19 mm IZD against E. carotovora. This extract also showed 22, 52 and 84% antioxidant activity at 10, 20 and 30 mg mL-1 concentrations, respectively. Previously there is no report available that describes antibacterial activity of root extract of A. viridis against P. syringae. Moreover, antioxidant activity of stem and root extracts in n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate was investigated first time in the world. It was concluded that the biological activities observed during the present investigation may be due to the presence of bioactive constituents that can be harnessed as natural antibacterials and antioxidants.
摘要:本文研究了细芒苋(Amaranthus viridis L.)的抑菌活性和抗氧化活性[清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦酰肼(DPPH)自由基]。用正己烷、氯仿和乙酸乙酯制备了不同植物部位的提取物。用100 mg mL-1浓度的提取物对4种致死性植物病原菌(丁香假单胞菌Van Hall)、番茄青霉(Ralstonia solanacearum Smith)、胡萝卜Erwinia carotovora (Jones)、Holland和axonopodis Hasse)进行抑菌活性测定。在抗氧化剂试验中,以DPPH为对照,分别使用10、20和30 mg mL-1提取物。在这些生物测定中,绿草叶乙酸乙酯部位表现出最好的抗菌和抗氧化活性。乙酸乙酯叶段对紫丁香假单胞菌的抑菌带直径(IZD)最大,分别为21 mm和19 mm。在10、20和30 mg mL-1浓度下,该提取物的抗氧化活性分别为22.2%、52%和84%。在此之前,还没有关于绿草根提取物对丁香假单胞菌抑菌活性的报道。此外,还首次研究了正己烷、氯仿和乙酸乙酯中茎、根提取物的抗氧化活性。结果表明,在本研究中观察到的生物活性可能是由于存在可作为天然抗菌和抗氧化剂利用的生物活性成分。
{"title":"Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Slender Amaranth Weed","authors":"M. Akbar, I. Sherazi, M. S. Iqbal, T. Khalil, H. Waqas","doi":"10.1590/s0100-83582020380100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582020380100006","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: In the present study, antibacterial and antioxidant [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity] activities of a weed, slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) were investigated. Extracts of different plant parts were prepared in n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. Antibacterial activity was measured by using 100 mg mL-1 concentration extracts against 4 deadly phytopathogenic bacterial species viz. Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall, Ralstonia solanacearum Smith, Erwinia carotovora (Jones), Holland and Xanthomonas axonopodis Hasse. In antioxidants assays, 10, 20 and 30 mg mL-1 extracts were used keeping DPPH as control. In these bioassays, ethyl acetate fraction of A. viridis leaf exhibited the best antibacterial and antioxidants activity. Ethyl acetate leaf fraction showed the highest inhibition zone diameter (IZD) where it caused 21 mm IZD against P. syringae and 19 mm IZD against E. carotovora. This extract also showed 22, 52 and 84% antioxidant activity at 10, 20 and 30 mg mL-1 concentrations, respectively. Previously there is no report available that describes antibacterial activity of root extract of A. viridis against P. syringae. Moreover, antioxidant activity of stem and root extracts in n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate was investigated first time in the world. It was concluded that the biological activities observed during the present investigation may be due to the presence of bioactive constituents that can be harnessed as natural antibacterials and antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":20102,"journal":{"name":"Planta Daninha","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67277909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Bioactive Constituents of Shoot Extracts of Sisymbrium irio L. Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae 西茜草茎部提取物抗尖孢镰刀菌活性成分研究
IF 0.8 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-83582020380100008
R. Akhtar, A. Javaid, M. Qureshi
ABSTRACT: The present study was carried out to check the antifungal potential of Sisymbrium irio L. shoot extract against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (FOC). In preliminary bioassays, different concentrations (1 to 5%) of leaf, stem and fruit extracts were evaluated against FOC. All the extracts were effective against the pathogen. However, the leaf extract was found the most effective causing 25-41% decrease in FOC biomass. The fractionation of methanolic leaf extract was done by two organic solvents namely n-hexane and chloroform. Different concentrations (1.56 to 200 mg mL-1) of these fractions were tested against FOC. The n-hexane and chloroform fractions showed inhibitory activity against the pathogen and resulted in 77-93% and 80-96% reduction in biomass of FOC, respectively. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 24 compounds in n-hexane and 4 compounds in chloroform fraction. In n-hexane fraction, β-sitosterol (18.64%) was the most abundant compound followed by orotic acid, bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-, tert-butyldimethylsilyl ester (12.18%), 10-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (7.90%) and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester (6.05%). Major compounds identified in chloroform fraction were 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (50.82%) and di-n-octyl phthalate (33.00%). This study concludes that n-hexane and chloroform fractions of methanolic leaf extract of S. irio contain potent antifungal constituents for the management of FOC.
摘要:本试验旨在研究茜草芽提取物对尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae, FOC)的抑菌作用。在初步的生物测定中,对不同浓度(1 - 5%)的叶、茎和果实提取物进行了FOC测定。所有提取物对病原菌均有较好的抑菌效果。其中,叶提取物对FOC生物量的降低效果最好,达到25-41%。采用正己烷和氯仿两种有机溶剂对甲醇叶提取物进行分馏。以不同浓度(1.56 ~ 200 mg mL-1)对FOC进行了抑菌试验。正己烷和氯仿组分对病原菌具有抑制作用,分别使FOC生物量减少77-93%和80-96%。GC-MS分析表明,正己烷中有24个化合物,氯仿中有4个化合物。在正己烷馏分中,β-谷甾醇含量最高(18.64%),其次是山梨酸-二(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-叔丁基二甲基硅基酯(12.18%)、10-十八烯酸甲酯(7.90%)和1,2-苯二甲酸二异辛基酯(6.05%)。氯仿馏分中鉴定出的主要化合物为1,3-苯二甲酸、双(2-乙基己基)酯(50.82%)和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(33.00%)。本研究表明,鸢尾叶甲醇提取物的正己烷和氯仿组分含有有效的抗真菌成分,对FOC具有治理作用。
{"title":"Bioactive Constituents of Shoot Extracts of Sisymbrium irio L. Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae","authors":"R. Akhtar, A. Javaid, M. Qureshi","doi":"10.1590/s0100-83582020380100008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582020380100008","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: The present study was carried out to check the antifungal potential of Sisymbrium irio L. shoot extract against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae (FOC). In preliminary bioassays, different concentrations (1 to 5%) of leaf, stem and fruit extracts were evaluated against FOC. All the extracts were effective against the pathogen. However, the leaf extract was found the most effective causing 25-41% decrease in FOC biomass. The fractionation of methanolic leaf extract was done by two organic solvents namely n-hexane and chloroform. Different concentrations (1.56 to 200 mg mL-1) of these fractions were tested against FOC. The n-hexane and chloroform fractions showed inhibitory activity against the pathogen and resulted in 77-93% and 80-96% reduction in biomass of FOC, respectively. GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 24 compounds in n-hexane and 4 compounds in chloroform fraction. In n-hexane fraction, β-sitosterol (18.64%) was the most abundant compound followed by orotic acid, bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-, tert-butyldimethylsilyl ester (12.18%), 10-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (7.90%) and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester (6.05%). Major compounds identified in chloroform fraction were 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (50.82%) and di-n-octyl phthalate (33.00%). This study concludes that n-hexane and chloroform fractions of methanolic leaf extract of S. irio contain potent antifungal constituents for the management of FOC.","PeriodicalId":20102,"journal":{"name":"Planta Daninha","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67277976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Weed control of glufosinate, oxyfluorfen, and paraquat as affected by the application time of day 草铵膦、羟氟醚和百草枯的杂草控制受一天中施用时间的影响
IF 0.8 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-83582020380100069
A. Aliverdi, G. Ahmadvand, Behzad Emami-Namivandi
Background: The application of appropriately timed herbicide is an affordable approach to optimize the activity of herbicides. Objective: The study aims to determine the best night-time to apply glufosinate, oxyfluorfen, and paraquat with emphasis on the role of the period of dark exposure after herbicide application. Methods: The study was conducted at two fields in Iran, the fresh weight: dry weight (FW/DW) ratio of five weed species treated with glufosinate, oxyfluorfen, and paraquat at 0.5x and 1x of labeled doses after sunset or before sunrise was assessed. Results: The application time-of-day effect for tested herbicides was affected by application dose of herbicide and was more pronounced when the herbicides were applied at the 0.5x as compared to at the 1x. In 14 out of 18 cases, foliage tissues were more desiccated with the sunset applications of herbicides at the 0.5x than with the sunrise applications. When applications were made after sunset, an increased foliage tissues desiccation of Chenopodium album L. treated with paraquat (29.6%) in field 1 and C. album treated with glufosinate (27.2%) or paraquat (23.7%), and Malva neglecta Wallr. treated with glufosinate (21.6%) or oxyfluorfen (31.6%) in field 2 was detected by increasing the dose from 0.5x to 1x. Except 4 out of 18 cases, the herbicides applied either at the 0.5x after sunset or at the 1x before sunrise resulted in similar FW/DW ratio in all weed species. Conclusions: If contact herbicides are used at night-time after sunset, it is possible to take advantage of their reduced doses.
背景:适时施用除草剂是优化除草剂活性的有效途径。目的:确定草铵膦、氧氟醚和百草枯的最佳夜间施药时间,重点研究除草剂施药后黑暗暴露时间的影响。方法:在伊朗的两个田间,分别以标记剂量的0.5倍和1倍的剂量,对日落后或日出前用草酰膦、氧氟醚和百草枯处理5种杂草的鲜重:干重(FW/DW)比进行测定。结果:被试除草剂的施药时间效应受除草剂施药剂量的影响,在0.5倍施药时比在1x施药时更为明显。在18个案例中,有14个案例在0.5倍的剂量下,日落施药比日出施药的叶片组织更干燥。在日落后施药时,在田间1施用百草枯(29.6%)和草铵膦(27.2%)或百草枯(23.7%)处理的藜麦(Chenopodium album L.)叶片组织干燥度增加,而在田间1施用百草枯(23.7%)处理的藜麦(Malva忽略Wallr)叶片组织干燥度增加。在田间2用草甘膦(21.6%)或氟氧芬(31.6%)处理,剂量由0.5倍增加到1倍。除4例外,在日落后0.5倍和日出前1x施用除草剂对所有杂草的FW/DW比基本一致。结论:如果在日落之后的夜间使用接触除草剂,可以利用其减少的剂量。
{"title":"Weed control of glufosinate, oxyfluorfen, and paraquat as affected by the application time of day","authors":"A. Aliverdi, G. Ahmadvand, Behzad Emami-Namivandi","doi":"10.1590/s0100-83582020380100069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582020380100069","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The application of appropriately timed herbicide is an affordable approach to optimize the activity of herbicides. Objective: The study aims to determine the best night-time to apply glufosinate, oxyfluorfen, and paraquat with emphasis on the role of the period of dark exposure after herbicide application. Methods: The study was conducted at two fields in Iran, the fresh weight: dry weight (FW/DW) ratio of five weed species treated with glufosinate, oxyfluorfen, and paraquat at 0.5x and 1x of labeled doses after sunset or before sunrise was assessed. Results: The application time-of-day effect for tested herbicides was affected by application dose of herbicide and was more pronounced when the herbicides were applied at the 0.5x as compared to at the 1x. In 14 out of 18 cases, foliage tissues were more desiccated with the sunset applications of herbicides at the 0.5x than with the sunrise applications. When applications were made after sunset, an increased foliage tissues desiccation of Chenopodium album L. treated with paraquat (29.6%) in field 1 and C. album treated with glufosinate (27.2%) or paraquat (23.7%), and Malva neglecta Wallr. treated with glufosinate (21.6%) or oxyfluorfen (31.6%) in field 2 was detected by increasing the dose from 0.5x to 1x. Except 4 out of 18 cases, the herbicides applied either at the 0.5x after sunset or at the 1x before sunrise resulted in similar FW/DW ratio in all weed species. Conclusions: If contact herbicides are used at night-time after sunset, it is possible to take advantage of their reduced doses.","PeriodicalId":20102,"journal":{"name":"Planta Daninha","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67279188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Optimizing efficacy of acetochlor + atrazine and dicamba at various doses to manage Conyza stricta L. in sugarcane 优化乙草胺+莠去津和麦草畏不同剂量防治甘蔗缢虫的效果
IF 0.8 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-83582020380100080
A. Hussain, Abdul A. Khakwani, A. Tanveer, Ejaz A. Khan, Mohammad S. Baloch
Background: Conyza stricta L. (Horse weed) is an annual problematic weed in an agricultural ecosystem and considerably decreases the crop yield and quality. Objective: To determine the most effective pre and post emergence herbicides and their dose to control C. stricta in sugarcane crop. Methods: A two years field study comprised of six herbicides treatments along with weedy check and hand weeding. The design of study was RCBD with three replications. Results: Hand weeding recorded more leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR), biological and stripped yield. However, greater LAI, CGR and NAR, biological and stripped yield were recorded by acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 (pre emergence) and dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1 (post emergence). All the treatments produced statistically comparable harvest index except weedy check, which produced less harvest index. Minimum C. stricta density and dry weight were recorded for acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 and dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1. Acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 (pre emergence) and dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1 (post emergence) gave better C. stricta control with high herbicides efficiency index. Conclusion: Acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 (pre emergence) or dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1 (post emergence) may be used for efficient control of C. stricta in sugarcane.
背景:马鞭草是农业生态系统中的一种年度问题杂草,严重影响作物产量和质量。目的:确定出苗前、出苗后除草剂防治蔗螟的最有效剂量。方法:采用为期两年的野外试验,采用六种除草剂处理,并进行杂草检查和手工除草。研究设计为RCBD, 3个重复。结果:手工除草获得了更高的叶面积指数(LAI)、作物生长率(CGR)、净同化率(NAR)、生物产量和剥落产量。然而,乙草胺+阿特拉嗪(羽化前)和麦草枯(羽化后)分别以2715 g ha-1和466 g ha-1的产量记录了更高的LAI、CGR和NAR,生物产量和剥脱产量。除杂草处理的收获指数较低外,其余处理的收获指数均具有统计学上的可比性。乙草胺+阿特拉津用量为2715 g ha-1时,麦草畏用量为466 g ha-1时,记录了最小密度和干重。乙草胺+阿特拉津(羽化前)用量为2715 g ha-1,麦草畏(羽化后)用量为466 g ha-1,防治效果较好,且药效指数较高。结论:用乙草胺+阿特拉嗪(羽化前2,715 g ha-1)或麦草枯(羽化后466 g ha-1)可有效防治蔗螟。
{"title":"Optimizing efficacy of acetochlor + atrazine and dicamba at various doses to manage Conyza stricta L. in sugarcane","authors":"A. Hussain, Abdul A. Khakwani, A. Tanveer, Ejaz A. Khan, Mohammad S. Baloch","doi":"10.1590/s0100-83582020380100080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582020380100080","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Conyza stricta L. (Horse weed) is an annual problematic weed in an agricultural ecosystem and considerably decreases the crop yield and quality. Objective: To determine the most effective pre and post emergence herbicides and their dose to control C. stricta in sugarcane crop. Methods: A two years field study comprised of six herbicides treatments along with weedy check and hand weeding. The design of study was RCBD with three replications. Results: Hand weeding recorded more leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR), biological and stripped yield. However, greater LAI, CGR and NAR, biological and stripped yield were recorded by acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 (pre emergence) and dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1 (post emergence). All the treatments produced statistically comparable harvest index except weedy check, which produced less harvest index. Minimum C. stricta density and dry weight were recorded for acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 and dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1. Acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 (pre emergence) and dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1 (post emergence) gave better C. stricta control with high herbicides efficiency index. Conclusion: Acetochlor + atrazine at the rate of 2,715 g ha-1 (pre emergence) or dicamba at the rate of 466 g ha-1 (post emergence) may be used for efficient control of C. stricta in sugarcane.","PeriodicalId":20102,"journal":{"name":"Planta Daninha","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67279549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Herbicidal activity of kidney leaf mud plantain leaves extracts on the germination of four species 肾叶泥车前草叶提取物对四种植物萌发的除草活性
IF 0.8 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-83582020380100061
Laís T. Perboni, D. Agostinetto, Juliano Gazola, Daniela Tessaro, Marlon M. Teixeira, Alessandro Neutzling
Background: Plants synthesize compounds of specialized metabolism to defend themselves against biotic and abiotic stresses. These compounds could be used as models for pesticide development. Among the species that have not yet been studied for the potential to produce active compounds is the kidney leaf mud plantain (Heteranthera reniformis). Objective: The goal was to evaluate the effect of hexanic, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of H. reniformis leaves on cress (Lepidium sativum) seed germination to determine which one have the highest biological activity; and to evaluate different concentrations of extract with the highest biological activity on lettuce (Lactuca sativa), barnyard grass (Echinochloa sp.) and giant arrowhead (Sagittaria montevidensis) germination. Methods: The seeds were placed on petri dishes containing two sheets of germitest paper, and after the application of the extract, they were sealed and placed in growth chambers with controlled temperature and photoperiod. The variables analyzed were 1st and 2nd germination count, germination speed index and length of the aerial part and roots. Results: The ethyl acetate extract provided greater phytotoxicity on cress than the other extracts. In general, the highest concentration of ethyl acetate extract was the most efficient in reducing variables for all species. Conclusions: The ethyl acetate extract of H. reniformis presents inhibitory activity on the seeds of cress, lettuce, giant arrowhead and barnyard grass, but this activity was dependent on the concentration of the extract and the species studied. H. reniformis synthesizes compounds with phytotoxic activity and purification of extracts is required to isolate, identify and characterize the action mechanism of the compounds with herbicide activity, so that in the future these can be used as models for the development of herbicides. SBCPD | Planta Daninha Perboni LT, et al. Herbicidal activity of kidney leaf mud plantain extracts Planta Daninha 2020;38:e020229957 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582020380100061 2/10
背景:植物合成专门的代谢化合物来保护自己免受生物和非生物胁迫。这些化合物可以作为农药开发的模型。在尚未研究可能产生活性化合物的物种中,有肾叶泥车前草(Heteranthera reniformis)。目的:通过对己烷提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和甲醇提取物对芥蓝种子萌发的影响进行评价,确定其生物活性最高的提取物;并评价不同浓度提取物对生菜(Lactuca sativa)、禾草(Echinochloa sp.)和大箭头(Sagittaria montevidensis)萌发的最高生物活性。方法:将种子置于两张胚试纸的培养皿中,浸提液涂抹后密封,置于控制温度和光周期的生长室内。分析的变量为第一次和第二次发芽数、发芽速度指数、地上部和根系长度。结果:乙酸乙酯提取物比其他提取物具有更强的植物毒性。总的来说,最高浓度的乙酸乙酯提取物对所有物种的减少变量最有效。结论:芦笋乙酸乙酯提取物对芥蓝、莴苣、巨箭草和禾草种子均有抑制作用,但其抑制作用与提取物浓度和所研究的植物种类有关。reniformis合成具有植物毒性活性的化合物,需要对提取物进行纯化,以分离、鉴定和表征具有除草剂活性的化合物的作用机制,以便将来这些化合物可以作为开发除草剂的模型。[3][植物学报][j]。大车前草肾叶泥大车前草提取物的除草活性研究;2020;38:e020229957 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582020380100061 2/10
{"title":"Herbicidal activity of kidney leaf mud plantain leaves extracts on the germination of four species","authors":"Laís T. Perboni, D. Agostinetto, Juliano Gazola, Daniela Tessaro, Marlon M. Teixeira, Alessandro Neutzling","doi":"10.1590/s0100-83582020380100061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582020380100061","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plants synthesize compounds of specialized metabolism to defend themselves against biotic and abiotic stresses. These compounds could be used as models for pesticide development. Among the species that have not yet been studied for the potential to produce active compounds is the kidney leaf mud plantain (Heteranthera reniformis). Objective: The goal was to evaluate the effect of hexanic, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of H. reniformis leaves on cress (Lepidium sativum) seed germination to determine which one have the highest biological activity; and to evaluate different concentrations of extract with the highest biological activity on lettuce (Lactuca sativa), barnyard grass (Echinochloa sp.) and giant arrowhead (Sagittaria montevidensis) germination. Methods: The seeds were placed on petri dishes containing two sheets of germitest paper, and after the application of the extract, they were sealed and placed in growth chambers with controlled temperature and photoperiod. The variables analyzed were 1st and 2nd germination count, germination speed index and length of the aerial part and roots. Results: The ethyl acetate extract provided greater phytotoxicity on cress than the other extracts. In general, the highest concentration of ethyl acetate extract was the most efficient in reducing variables for all species. Conclusions: The ethyl acetate extract of H. reniformis presents inhibitory activity on the seeds of cress, lettuce, giant arrowhead and barnyard grass, but this activity was dependent on the concentration of the extract and the species studied. H. reniformis synthesizes compounds with phytotoxic activity and purification of extracts is required to isolate, identify and characterize the action mechanism of the compounds with herbicide activity, so that in the future these can be used as models for the development of herbicides. SBCPD | Planta Daninha Perboni LT, et al. Herbicidal activity of kidney leaf mud plantain extracts Planta Daninha 2020;38:e020229957 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582020380100061 2/10","PeriodicalId":20102,"journal":{"name":"Planta Daninha","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67278937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identification of antifungal compounds from slender amaranth 细长苋菜中抗真菌化合物的鉴定
IF 0.8 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-83582020380100063
M. Akbar, Iram N. Sherazi, T. Khalil, Muhammad S. Iqbal, S. Akhtar, Salik N. Khan
Background: Antifungal activity of slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) is well documented but such studies are scarce in Pakistan, especially against plant pathogens. It was hypothesized that A. viridis has antifungal activity against fungal phyto-pathogens also. Objective: Identification of antifungal constituents from leaf extracts of A. viridis. Methods: Different organic solvent extracts of A. viridis leaves were evaluated against 5 plant pathogenic fungal species viz. Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Drechslera australiensis, Fusarium oxysporum and Macrophomina phaseolina. Antifungal activity of A. viridis was determined by serial dilution method. Six levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg mL-1) of treatments of each n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate were employed against all fungal species in a Completely Randomised Design (CRD). Results: Generally, all organic solvent extracts reduced the fungal biomass significantly with the increase in extract concentration but ethyl acetate leaf fraction exhibited pronounced activity and reduced the fungal growth up to 44% in A. alternata, 39% in A. flavus, 48% in D. australiensis, 48% in F. oxysporum and 45% in M. phaseolina. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis of ethyl acetate leaf fraction revealed 09 compounds. Out of these 9 compounds, one compound identified as 1,2Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester) showed 58.5% peak value. Conclusions: It was concluded that 1,2Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester) being in the highest concentration in the ethyl acetate leaf fraction of A. viridis may be responsible for antifungal activity. This compound can serve as structural analog to develop ecofriendly fungicides.
背景:细长苋菜(Amaranthus viridis L.)的抗真菌活性有很好的文献记载,但这类研究在巴基斯坦很少,特别是对植物病原体的研究。推测青霉对真菌植物病原菌也具有抗真菌活性。目的:鉴定青藤叶提取物的抗真菌成分。方法:采用不同有机溶剂提取液,对青霉叶片的5种植物病原真菌分别为互交霉、黄曲霉、澳洲锥虫霉、尖孢镰刀菌和菜绿巨霉进行抑菌试验。采用连续稀释法测定青霉的抗真菌活性。在完全随机设计(CRD)中,正己烷、氯仿和乙酸乙酯分别用6个水平(0、5、10、15、20和25 mg mL-1)处理所有真菌。结果:随着提取液浓度的增加,各有机溶剂提取物均显著降低真菌生物量,但乙酸乙酯叶提取物对真菌生物量的抑制作用较强,对真菌生长的抑制作用最高可达44%,对黄花蒿的抑制作用为39%,对南花蒿的抑制作用为48%,对尖孢菊的抑制作用为48%,对菜花蒿的抑制作用为45%。气相色谱-质谱(GCMS)分析乙酸乙酯叶提取物,共鉴定出09个化合物。其中1个化合物鉴定为1,2苯二羧酸单(2-乙基己基)酯,峰值为58.5%。结论:刺槐叶乙酸乙酯中浓度最高的1,2苯二甲酸单(2-乙基己基)酯可能是刺槐抗真菌活性的主要成分。该化合物可作为结构类似物用于开发环保型杀菌剂。
{"title":"Identification of antifungal compounds from slender amaranth","authors":"M. Akbar, Iram N. Sherazi, T. Khalil, Muhammad S. Iqbal, S. Akhtar, Salik N. Khan","doi":"10.1590/s0100-83582020380100063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582020380100063","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antifungal activity of slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis L.) is well documented but such studies are scarce in Pakistan, especially against plant pathogens. It was hypothesized that A. viridis has antifungal activity against fungal phyto-pathogens also. Objective: Identification of antifungal constituents from leaf extracts of A. viridis. Methods: Different organic solvent extracts of A. viridis leaves were evaluated against 5 plant pathogenic fungal species viz. Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Drechslera australiensis, Fusarium oxysporum and Macrophomina phaseolina. Antifungal activity of A. viridis was determined by serial dilution method. Six levels (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg mL-1) of treatments of each n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate were employed against all fungal species in a Completely Randomised Design (CRD). Results: Generally, all organic solvent extracts reduced the fungal biomass significantly with the increase in extract concentration but ethyl acetate leaf fraction exhibited pronounced activity and reduced the fungal growth up to 44% in A. alternata, 39% in A. flavus, 48% in D. australiensis, 48% in F. oxysporum and 45% in M. phaseolina. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis of ethyl acetate leaf fraction revealed 09 compounds. Out of these 9 compounds, one compound identified as 1,2Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester) showed 58.5% peak value. Conclusions: It was concluded that 1,2Benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester) being in the highest concentration in the ethyl acetate leaf fraction of A. viridis may be responsible for antifungal activity. This compound can serve as structural analog to develop ecofriendly fungicides.","PeriodicalId":20102,"journal":{"name":"Planta Daninha","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67279014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Glyphosate-Resistant Sourgrass Management Programs Associating Mowing and Herbicides 抗草甘膦酸草管理项目相关割草和除草剂
IF 0.8 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-83582020380100033
R. T. Raimondi, J. Constantin, R. Mendes, R. S. Oliveira Jr, F. A. Rios
ABSTRACT: Currently, sourgrass is one of the most important weeds in grain production areas in Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of associated systems composed by mowing and chemical control against clumped sourgrass. In the first experiment, different mowing heights (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm), coupled with complementary applications of glyphosate + clethodim, were evaluated on sourgrass control. The second experiment was composed by programs starting with fallow mowing at different times, 50 (early), 35 (intermediate) and 20 (late) days before soybean sowing. After mowing, treatments were followed by herbicide applications according to the need until soybean harvest. The shorter the mowing height associated with herbicide application, the better the control of sourgrass. The weed management programs (anticipated, intermediate and late) were efficient on sourgrass control during fallow and along soybean cycle. Weed management programs starting with mowing provided better or similar control compared to systems that employed chemical control only, indicating that mowing can replace one of the herbicide applications.
摘要:目前,酸草是巴西粮食产区最重要的杂草之一。本研究的目的是评价刈割与化学防治相结合的系统对酸草结块的防治效果。在第一个试验中,采用不同的刈割高度(0、5、10、15和20 cm),配以草甘膦+草硫磷(clethodim)对酸草的防治效果进行了评价。第二个试验是在大豆播种前50(早)、35(中)和20(晚)天不同时间开始休割。刈割后,根据需要施用除草剂,直至大豆收获。刈割高度越短,施用除草剂对酸草的防治效果越好。在休耕期和大豆周期中,施用预、中、晚三种杂草管理方案对酸草有较好的控制效果。与仅使用化学控制的系统相比,从割草开始的杂草管理程序提供了更好或类似的控制,这表明割草可以取代除草剂的一种应用。
{"title":"Glyphosate-Resistant Sourgrass Management Programs Associating Mowing and Herbicides","authors":"R. T. Raimondi, J. Constantin, R. Mendes, R. S. Oliveira Jr, F. A. Rios","doi":"10.1590/s0100-83582020380100033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582020380100033","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Currently, sourgrass is one of the most important weeds in grain production areas in Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of associated systems composed by mowing and chemical control against clumped sourgrass. In the first experiment, different mowing heights (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm), coupled with complementary applications of glyphosate + clethodim, were evaluated on sourgrass control. The second experiment was composed by programs starting with fallow mowing at different times, 50 (early), 35 (intermediate) and 20 (late) days before soybean sowing. After mowing, treatments were followed by herbicide applications according to the need until soybean harvest. The shorter the mowing height associated with herbicide application, the better the control of sourgrass. The weed management programs (anticipated, intermediate and late) were efficient on sourgrass control during fallow and along soybean cycle. Weed management programs starting with mowing provided better or similar control compared to systems that employed chemical control only, indicating that mowing can replace one of the herbicide applications.","PeriodicalId":20102,"journal":{"name":"Planta Daninha","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67278225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Maize Response to Trinexapac-Ethyl and Nitrogen Fertilization 玉米对trinexapac -乙基和氮肥的响应
IF 0.8 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-83582020380100037
L. Sangoi, M. M. Durli, C. A. Souza, L. Leolato, H. F. Kuneski, A. Coelho
ABSTRACT: High nitrogen rates favor maize vegetative growth and grain yield losses due to stem lodging. The use of growth regulators can mitigate such effect. This work was carried out aiming to evaluate the effect of trinexapac ethyl on maize hybrids response to side-dress nitrogen rates. The experiment was carried out in Lages, Santa Catarina State, South of Brazil, during two growing seasons with two hybrids (P1680 and P30F53), and four nitrogen rates (0, 150, 300 and 450 kg N ha-1) were tested, with and without the presence of trinexapac ethyl. The experimental design was in randomized blocks arranged in split-split plots, with three replications per treatment. The plants height and ear insertion height, plant lodging and breaking, grain yield and yield components were evaluated. Grain yield increased in a quadratic way with increased nitrogen rate. The highest grain yields were 15,784 and 15,257 kg ha-1, in 2014/15 and 2015/16, respectively. Application rates higher than 150 kg of N ha-1, regardless of the use of the plant growth regulator, promoted maximum grain yield increases, ranging from 14.7 to 18.1%. The application of trinexapac-ethyl reduced the upper stem internode length, 1000-grain dry weight and did not affect the percentage of lodged plants and grain yield of both hybrids. Therefore, the use of trinexapac-ethyl did not enhance the maize grain yield response to increased rates of side-dress nitrogen.
摘要/ ABSTRACT摘要:高施氮量有利于玉米的营养生长和茎秆倒伏造成的产量损失。使用生长调节剂可以减轻这种影响。本试验旨在评价trinexapac乙酯对玉米杂交种侧施氮量的影响。试验在巴西南部圣卡塔琳娜州的Lages进行,在两个生长季节用两个杂交种(P1680和P30F53),在使用和不使用trinexapac ethyl的情况下,测试了四种氮肥水平(0、150、300和450 kg N ha-1)。试验设计采用随机分组,按分割区排列,每个处理重复3次。评价了株高和穗高、倒伏和断穗、籽粒产量和产量构成因素。籽粒产量随施氮量的增加呈二次曲线增长。2014/15和2015/16籽粒最高产量分别为15784和15257公斤/公顷。施氮量大于150 kg hm -1时,无论施用何种植物生长调节剂,籽粒产量增幅最大,为14.7% ~ 18.1%。施用trinexapac-乙酯后,两个杂交种的茎上节间长和千粒干重均有所减少,但对结块率和产量没有影响。因此,施用trinexapac-乙基并没有提高玉米产量对侧施氮量的响应。
{"title":"Maize Response to Trinexapac-Ethyl and Nitrogen Fertilization","authors":"L. Sangoi, M. M. Durli, C. A. Souza, L. Leolato, H. F. Kuneski, A. Coelho","doi":"10.1590/s0100-83582020380100037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582020380100037","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: High nitrogen rates favor maize vegetative growth and grain yield losses due to stem lodging. The use of growth regulators can mitigate such effect. This work was carried out aiming to evaluate the effect of trinexapac ethyl on maize hybrids response to side-dress nitrogen rates. The experiment was carried out in Lages, Santa Catarina State, South of Brazil, during two growing seasons with two hybrids (P1680 and P30F53), and four nitrogen rates (0, 150, 300 and 450 kg N ha-1) were tested, with and without the presence of trinexapac ethyl. The experimental design was in randomized blocks arranged in split-split plots, with three replications per treatment. The plants height and ear insertion height, plant lodging and breaking, grain yield and yield components were evaluated. Grain yield increased in a quadratic way with increased nitrogen rate. The highest grain yields were 15,784 and 15,257 kg ha-1, in 2014/15 and 2015/16, respectively. Application rates higher than 150 kg of N ha-1, regardless of the use of the plant growth regulator, promoted maximum grain yield increases, ranging from 14.7 to 18.1%. The application of trinexapac-ethyl reduced the upper stem internode length, 1000-grain dry weight and did not affect the percentage of lodged plants and grain yield of both hybrids. Therefore, the use of trinexapac-ethyl did not enhance the maize grain yield response to increased rates of side-dress nitrogen.","PeriodicalId":20102,"journal":{"name":"Planta Daninha","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67278424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Bioeconomic evaluation of allelopathic crop leachates integrated with reduced doses of herbicide for horse purslane management in maize under field conditions 化感作物渗滤液与减量除草剂在田间条件下对玉米马马苋管理的生物经济评价
IF 0.8 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-83582020380100067
Muhammad N. Mushtaq, Muhammad I. Hashmi, Tabinda Tariq, Amar Matloob, S. Hussain, Zahid A. Cheema
Background: Continuous use of commercial herbicides is posing a severe threat to environment and creating herbicide resistant weeds. Allelopathy offers a promising alternative to commercial herbicides for sustainable weed management. The farmers are highly concerned with maximum yield as well as cost of the weed control techniques. Objective: To investigate economic and weed control efficiency of allelopathic crop water leachates mixed with lower rates of herbicide. Methods: Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) crop leachates (18 L ha-1 each) tank mixed with lower doses (25, 33 and 50% of recommended dose) of S-metolachlor+atrazine were sprayed as pre-emergence for horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) management in maize (Zea mays L.). Label dose (1,080 g a.i. ha-1) of herbicide (S-metolachlor+atrazine) and a weedy check treatment were also maintained. Results: The results showed that rapeseed+sunflower+sorghum allelopathic leachates mixed with half dose (540 g a.i. ha-1) of S-metolachlor+atrazine was effective against horse purslane and increased maize yield (grain) by 45% and 5% as compared with control and label dose of herbicide, respectively. Likewise, economic analysis showed that the same treatment was most economical with 40% and 9% higher net benefits than control and label dose of herbicide, respectively and 2407% marginal rate of return. It also gave an additional benefit of US$ 24.07 for investment of every US$1. Conclusions: By using this technique, herbicides use can be minimized by 50% for sustainable weed management without compromising maize yield and net benefits. SBCPD | Planta Daninha Mushtaq MN, et al. Allelopathy to manage horse purslane Planta Daninha 2020;38:e020214748 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582020380100067 2/7
背景:持续使用商业除草剂对环境造成严重威胁,并产生抗除草剂杂草。化感作用为可持续杂草管理提供了一种有前途的替代商业除草剂。农民们高度关注最大产量以及杂草控制技术的成本。目的:考察化感作物渗滤液与低用量除草剂混用的经济性和除草效果。方法:采用油菜(Brassica napus L.)、向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)和高粱(sorghum bicolor L.)作物渗滤液(各18 L ha-1)池,混合低剂量(25,33和50%推荐剂量)的s -异丙甲草胺+阿特拉津,作为马马苋(Trianthema portulacastrum L.)在玉米(Zea mays L.)管理中的预喷处理。除草剂(s -甲草胺+阿特拉津)的标签剂量(1080 g a.i. ha-1)和杂草检查处理也保持不变。结果:油菜籽+向日葵+高粱化感浸出液与半剂量(540 g a.i. ha-1) s -甲草胺+阿特拉津混合对马齿苋有效,玉米产量(粒)比对照和标记剂量分别提高45%和5%。同样,经济分析表明,相同处理最经济,净效益分别比对照和标记剂量除草剂高40%和9%,边际收益率为2407%。每投资1美元,可获得24.07美元的额外收益。结论:通过使用该技术,在不影响玉米产量和净效益的情况下,可将除草剂使用量减少50%,实现可持续杂草管理。[b] [b] plant Daninha Mushtaq MN,等。马齿苋化感作用的研究进展,植物学报,2020;38:e020214748 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582020380100067 2/7
{"title":"Bioeconomic evaluation of allelopathic crop leachates integrated with reduced doses of herbicide for horse purslane management in maize under field conditions","authors":"Muhammad N. Mushtaq, Muhammad I. Hashmi, Tabinda Tariq, Amar Matloob, S. Hussain, Zahid A. Cheema","doi":"10.1590/s0100-83582020380100067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582020380100067","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Continuous use of commercial herbicides is posing a severe threat to environment and creating herbicide resistant weeds. Allelopathy offers a promising alternative to commercial herbicides for sustainable weed management. The farmers are highly concerned with maximum yield as well as cost of the weed control techniques. Objective: To investigate economic and weed control efficiency of allelopathic crop water leachates mixed with lower rates of herbicide. Methods: Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) crop leachates (18 L ha-1 each) tank mixed with lower doses (25, 33 and 50% of recommended dose) of S-metolachlor+atrazine were sprayed as pre-emergence for horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum L.) management in maize (Zea mays L.). Label dose (1,080 g a.i. ha-1) of herbicide (S-metolachlor+atrazine) and a weedy check treatment were also maintained. Results: The results showed that rapeseed+sunflower+sorghum allelopathic leachates mixed with half dose (540 g a.i. ha-1) of S-metolachlor+atrazine was effective against horse purslane and increased maize yield (grain) by 45% and 5% as compared with control and label dose of herbicide, respectively. Likewise, economic analysis showed that the same treatment was most economical with 40% and 9% higher net benefits than control and label dose of herbicide, respectively and 2407% marginal rate of return. It also gave an additional benefit of US$ 24.07 for investment of every US$1. Conclusions: By using this technique, herbicides use can be minimized by 50% for sustainable weed management without compromising maize yield and net benefits. SBCPD | Planta Daninha Mushtaq MN, et al. Allelopathy to manage horse purslane Planta Daninha 2020;38:e020214748 https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582020380100067 2/7","PeriodicalId":20102,"journal":{"name":"Planta Daninha","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67279583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Herbicidal Potential of Some Dry Land Plants Against Lathyrus aphaca (L.), Winter Season Weed 一些旱地植物对冬草蚜的除草潜力
IF 0.8 Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-83582020380100001
J. Iqbal, M. Rehmani, S. Sagheer, N. Kaleem, J. Muneer
ABSTRACT: Dry land plants owing to their capability to grow under stressful environment have shown higher allelopathic potential as compared to cultivated plants. An experiment was conducted to investigate the herbicidal potential of aqueous extracts of four dry land plants viz. fruit and vine of Citrullus colocynthis, and above ground parts of Rhazya stricta; Crotalaria burhia and Calligonum polygonoides, with four concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100%) of initially prepared extracts against Lathyrus aphaca, a common weed of wheat in the studied region. These plants were collected from dry land area (30.03° N and 70.38° E, 129 m above sea level, almost desert conditions) of Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. All the four plants exhibited pronounced herbicidal potential with 9 to 91% suppression of different parameters in L. aphaca). Maximum inhibition was recorded in germination (36-91%). Significant suppression in leaf count (9-65%), shoot length (12-59%), root length (4-62%), shoot fresh weight (17-71%), root fresh weight (10-60%), shoot dry weight (15-72%), root dry weight (13-64%), and nodule numbers (34-89%) was also observed. The highest inhibition was exhibited by R. stricta followed by C. colocynthis: fruit. However, in case of nodulation maximum suppression was produced by C. burhia extract. Least suppressant activity was observed for the C. polygonides extract. These results encourage the potential use of locally available dry land plants possessing strong allelochemical properties for nonchemical control of weeds ultimately reducing reliance on chemical control.
摘要:旱地植物由于在逆境环境下的生长能力,比栽培植物表现出更高的化感作用潜力。研究了四种旱地植物(Citrullus colocynthis果实和藤、Rhazya stricta地上部分)水提液的除草潜力;用四种浓度(25%、50%、75%和100%)的初始制备提取物对研究地区常见的小麦杂草稻瘟病螨(Lathyrus aphaca)进行防治。这些植物采自巴基斯坦旁遮普省Dera Ghazi Khan的干旱地区(30.03°N和70.38°E,海拔129 m,几乎是沙漠条件)。4种植物均表现出显著的除草潜力,对稻瘟病菌不同参数的抑制率为9 ~ 91%。萌发时抑制最大(36-91%)。叶片数(9-65%)、茎长(12-59%)、根长(4-62%)、茎鲜重(17-71%)、根鲜重(10-60%)、茎干重(15-72%)、根干重(13-64%)和根瘤数(34-89%)均受到显著抑制。缢蛏的抑菌效果最好,其次为结藻菇。而在结瘤的情况下,布氏菌提取物的抑制作用最大。黄精提取物的抑菌活性最低。这些结果鼓励利用具有强烈化感化学特性的当地旱地植物进行非化学控制杂草,最终减少对化学控制的依赖。
{"title":"Herbicidal Potential of Some Dry Land Plants Against Lathyrus aphaca (L.), Winter Season Weed","authors":"J. Iqbal, M. Rehmani, S. Sagheer, N. Kaleem, J. Muneer","doi":"10.1590/s0100-83582020380100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582020380100001","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT: Dry land plants owing to their capability to grow under stressful environment have shown higher allelopathic potential as compared to cultivated plants. An experiment was conducted to investigate the herbicidal potential of aqueous extracts of four dry land plants viz. fruit and vine of Citrullus colocynthis, and above ground parts of Rhazya stricta; Crotalaria burhia and Calligonum polygonoides, with four concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100%) of initially prepared extracts against Lathyrus aphaca, a common weed of wheat in the studied region. These plants were collected from dry land area (30.03° N and 70.38° E, 129 m above sea level, almost desert conditions) of Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. All the four plants exhibited pronounced herbicidal potential with 9 to 91% suppression of different parameters in L. aphaca). Maximum inhibition was recorded in germination (36-91%). Significant suppression in leaf count (9-65%), shoot length (12-59%), root length (4-62%), shoot fresh weight (17-71%), root fresh weight (10-60%), shoot dry weight (15-72%), root dry weight (13-64%), and nodule numbers (34-89%) was also observed. The highest inhibition was exhibited by R. stricta followed by C. colocynthis: fruit. However, in case of nodulation maximum suppression was produced by C. burhia extract. Least suppressant activity was observed for the C. polygonides extract. These results encourage the potential use of locally available dry land plants possessing strong allelochemical properties for nonchemical control of weeds ultimately reducing reliance on chemical control.","PeriodicalId":20102,"journal":{"name":"Planta Daninha","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67277679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
期刊
Planta Daninha
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1