Pub Date : 2006-03-01DOI: 10.1556/APH.25.2006.1.10
S. Ahmad, M. M. Khan, N. Ahmad, A. Khan, M. Zafar, M. Irfan
Analysis of multiparticle production data on 14.5A GeV/c 28Si−AgBr collisions in terms of erraticity is carried out and the results are compared with those obtained from the Monte Carlo simulated data (using event generator HIJING). It is shown that like the multifractal spectrum through Gqmoments, erraticity spectrum may also be constructed from the observed power-law behaviour of the erraticity moments. Further, for examining the dominance of statistical fluctuations over the erraticity behaviour, correlation-free Monte Carlo events are simulated and analyzed. A comparison of the experimental and simulation results indicates that the fluctuations observed in the case of experimental data are not only because of the statistical reasons, but may have some dynamical origin.
{"title":"Erratic fluctuations in 14.5A GeV/c 28Si−AgBr Collisions","authors":"S. Ahmad, M. M. Khan, N. Ahmad, A. Khan, M. Zafar, M. Irfan","doi":"10.1556/APH.25.2006.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/APH.25.2006.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of multiparticle production data on 14.5A GeV/c 28Si−AgBr collisions in terms of erraticity is carried out and the results are compared with those obtained from the Monte Carlo simulated data (using event generator HIJING). It is shown that like the multifractal spectrum through Gqmoments, erraticity spectrum may also be constructed from the observed power-law behaviour of the erraticity moments. Further, for examining the dominance of statistical fluctuations over the erraticity behaviour, correlation-free Monte Carlo events are simulated and analyzed. A comparison of the experimental and simulation results indicates that the fluctuations observed in the case of experimental data are not only because of the statistical reasons, but may have some dynamical origin.","PeriodicalId":201208,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127502193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
π+-nucleus scattering cross section are calculated by solving a Schrodinger equation reduced from the Klein-Gordon equation. Local potentials are assumed, and phenomenological potential parameters are searched energy dependently for π+ scattering from 12C, 40Ca, and 208Pb to reproduce not only differential elastic cross sections but also inelastic and total and reaction cross sections at 800 MeV/c pion laboratory momentum. The collective model is used to calculate the angular distributions of differential inelastic cross sections for pions leading to the lowest 2+ and 3− states of 12C. The deformation parameters and lengths are extracted and compared to the corresponding ones from other works. Local potentials well describe the scattering of pions from nuclei.
{"title":"Phenomenological local potential analysis of π + scattering","authors":"S. Khallaf, A. A. Ebrahim","doi":"10.1556/APH.25.2006.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/APH.25.2006.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"π+-nucleus scattering cross section are calculated by solving a Schrodinger equation reduced from the Klein-Gordon equation. Local potentials are assumed, and phenomenological potential parameters are searched energy dependently for π+ scattering from 12C, 40Ca, and 208Pb to reproduce not only differential elastic cross sections but also inelastic and total and reaction cross sections at 800 MeV/c pion laboratory momentum. The collective model is used to calculate the angular distributions of differential inelastic cross sections for pions leading to the lowest 2+ and 3− states of 12C. The deformation parameters and lengths are extracted and compared to the corresponding ones from other works. Local potentials well describe the scattering of pions from nuclei.","PeriodicalId":201208,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121950353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Color neutralization in deep inelastic scattering on nuclei","authors":"H. Pirner, D. Grünewald","doi":"10.1007/BF03177669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03177669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":201208,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics","volume":"88 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114049418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The energy of actinide nuclei has been determined within a generalized liquid drop model taking into account the proximity energy, the mass and charge asymmetry, an accurate nuclear radius in adding the shell and pairing energies. Double and triple-humped potential barriers appear. The second maximum corresponds to the transition from compact and creviced one-body shapes to two touching ellipsoids. A third minimum and third peak appear in special asymmetric exit channels where one fragment is almost a magic nucleus with a quasi-spherical shape while the other one evolves from oblate to prolate shapes. The heights of the double and triple-humped fission barriers agree precisely with the experimental results in all the actinide region. The predicted half-lives follow the experimental data trend.
{"title":"On the multiple-humped fission barriers and half-lives of actinides","authors":"C. Bonilla, G. Royer","doi":"10.1556/APH.25.2006.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/APH.25.2006.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The energy of actinide nuclei has been determined within a generalized liquid drop model taking into account the proximity energy, the mass and charge asymmetry, an accurate nuclear radius in adding the shell and pairing energies. Double and triple-humped potential barriers appear. The second maximum corresponds to the transition from compact and creviced one-body shapes to two touching ellipsoids. A third minimum and third peak appear in special asymmetric exit channels where one fragment is almost a magic nucleus with a quasi-spherical shape while the other one evolves from oblate to prolate shapes. The heights of the double and triple-humped fission barriers agree precisely with the experimental results in all the actinide region. The predicted half-lives follow the experimental data trend.","PeriodicalId":201208,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127822210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We discuss nuclear emulsion detectors, their history, types, scanning techniques as well as their revival key role in the OPERA experiment. Nuclear emulsion can be considered as an analog data storage device from which the automatic scanning system retrieves the data stored in it. The recent improvement of emulsion scanning techniques brings back the nuclear emulsion as one of the most important detectors among all other elementary particle detectors. OPERA uses the ECC technique used previously by the DONUT experiment. As in the OPERA experiment good modularity for a large apparatus is present, the existence of an automatic scanning system and the availability of fast data scan (Net Scan) are the required parameters, which can only be obtained by utilizing the ECC Nuclear emulsion technique. Therefore, the role of nuclear emulsion is very important in the OPERA experiment.
{"title":"The revival role of nuclear emulsion detectors in the OPERA experiment","authors":"J. Rhee, J. Yong, H. Jhang, M. Jamil","doi":"10.1556/APH.25.2006.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/APH.25.2006.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss nuclear emulsion detectors, their history, types, scanning techniques as well as their revival key role in the OPERA experiment. Nuclear emulsion can be considered as an analog data storage device from which the automatic scanning system retrieves the data stored in it. The recent improvement of emulsion scanning techniques brings back the nuclear emulsion as one of the most important detectors among all other elementary particle detectors. OPERA uses the ECC technique used previously by the DONUT experiment. As in the OPERA experiment good modularity for a large apparatus is present, the existence of an automatic scanning system and the availability of fast data scan (Net Scan) are the required parameters, which can only be obtained by utilizing the ECC Nuclear emulsion technique. Therefore, the role of nuclear emulsion is very important in the OPERA experiment.","PeriodicalId":201208,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130203493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-01DOI: 10.1556/APH.25.2006.1.11
A. Shalaby
We have used a simple model based on the rotational energy formula E(I, K) to study the structure of the superdeformed (SD) mass region 60–90. The higher order inertial parameters A and B of such model were determined by using the Marquardt method of nonlinear least-squares routines to fit the proposed transition energies with their observed values. A good agreement between the calculated and corresponding experimental transition energies of the SD bands is obtained which supports our proposed model. In addition, the frequency dependence of the dynamic, θ(2), and static, θ(1), moments of inertia is used to determine the lowest spin (If) and the K-value of the considered SD bands; namely, 58Ni(b1), 58Cu, 59Cu(b1), 61Zn, 62Zn, 65Zn, 68Zn, 84Zr, 86Zr(b1), 88Mo(b1, b2, b3) and 89Tc. As a result of the identity exist among some of the considered SD bands, we have studied the incremental alignment and also the angular momentum alignment.
{"title":"Simple model calculations of spin and quantized aligment for the A ∼ 60–90 superdeformed mass region","authors":"A. Shalaby","doi":"10.1556/APH.25.2006.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/APH.25.2006.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"We have used a simple model based on the rotational energy formula E(I, K) to study the structure of the superdeformed (SD) mass region 60–90. The higher order inertial parameters A and B of such model were determined by using the Marquardt method of nonlinear least-squares routines to fit the proposed transition energies with their observed values. A good agreement between the calculated and corresponding experimental transition energies of the SD bands is obtained which supports our proposed model. In addition, the frequency dependence of the dynamic, θ(2), and static, θ(1), moments of inertia is used to determine the lowest spin (If) and the K-value of the considered SD bands; namely, 58Ni(b1), 58Cu, 59Cu(b1), 61Zn, 62Zn, 65Zn, 68Zn, 84Zr, 86Zr(b1), 88Mo(b1, b2, b3) and 89Tc. As a result of the identity exist among some of the considered SD bands, we have studied the incremental alignment and also the angular momentum alignment.","PeriodicalId":201208,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115536596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hadrons in hot and dense matter","authors":"J. Wambach","doi":"10.1007/BF03177666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03177666","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":201208,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122516627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-03-01DOI: 10.1556/APH.25.2006.1.14
J. Liendo, A. C. González, A. Rojas, N. Fletcher, D. Caussyn, P. Barber
Lithium forward elastic scattering is investigated as an additional method for Z<11 multielemental analysis in human amniotic fluid (AF). Concentrations of C and O are obtained from the analysis of an AF sample that is diluted with distilled water, deposited on a formvar backing and dried naturally. Solid residues of this diluted sample are bombarded with 13 MeV 6,7Li beams and the elastically scattered beam is detected at 16.45o, 20.45o and 28.0o simultaneously. The quality of elastic spectra improves with sample dilution. The content of C and O in the backing is subtracted. Carbon and oxygen concentrations of the non-diluted AF sample are determined by assuming that elemental concentration varies linearly with dilution.
{"title":"Investigation of lithium forward scattering for the analysis of carbon and oxygen in human amniotic fluid","authors":"J. Liendo, A. C. González, A. Rojas, N. Fletcher, D. Caussyn, P. Barber","doi":"10.1556/APH.25.2006.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/APH.25.2006.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium forward elastic scattering is investigated as an additional method for Z<11 multielemental analysis in human amniotic fluid (AF). Concentrations of C and O are obtained from the analysis of an AF sample that is diluted with distilled water, deposited on a formvar backing and dried naturally. Solid residues of this diluted sample are bombarded with 13 MeV 6,7Li beams and the elastically scattered beam is detected at 16.45o, 20.45o and 28.0o simultaneously. The quality of elastic spectra improves with sample dilution. The content of C and O in the backing is subtracted. Carbon and oxygen concentrations of the non-diluted AF sample are determined by assuming that elemental concentration varies linearly with dilution.","PeriodicalId":201208,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130883812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-02-01DOI: 10.1556/APH.25.2006.2-4.16
R. Veenhof
Data taken by NA60 in 2002 with a 400 GeV proton beam on various nuclear targets confirms that di-muon production with a mass below the ϕ can be explained by meson decays. The production cross sections of these mesons agree with what earlier experiments have reported. In 2003, NA60 has recorded a large sample of interactions between a 158 GeV/n In beam and In targets. Pending a study of the background, we do not comment on the existence of an excess in this data sample, but our measurements shed new light on the apparent conflict between NA49 and NA50 measurements of the inverse transverse mass slope of ϕ production. The NA60 measurement of the ϕ/(ϕ+ω) ratio as function of number of participants agrees well with earlier measurements, both in proton and in ion data.
{"title":"NA60 low mass di-muon data","authors":"R. Veenhof","doi":"10.1556/APH.25.2006.2-4.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/APH.25.2006.2-4.16","url":null,"abstract":"Data taken by NA60 in 2002 with a 400 GeV proton beam on various nuclear targets confirms that di-muon production with a mass below the ϕ can be explained by meson decays. The production cross sections of these mesons agree with what earlier experiments have reported. In 2003, NA60 has recorded a large sample of interactions between a 158 GeV/n In beam and In targets. Pending a study of the background, we do not comment on the existence of an excess in this data sample, but our measurements shed new light on the apparent conflict between NA49 and NA50 measurements of the inverse transverse mass slope of ϕ production. The NA60 measurement of the ϕ/(ϕ+ω) ratio as function of number of participants agrees well with earlier measurements, both in proton and in ion data.","PeriodicalId":201208,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129994940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-01-30DOI: 10.1556/APH.27.2006.2-3.43
D. Kikoła, W. Peryt, Y. Sinyukov, M. Slodkowski, M. Szuba
An effective computer program for three-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamical model has been developed. It implements a new approach to the early hot phase of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The computer program simulates time-space evolution of nuclear matter in terms of ideal-fluid dynamics. Equations of motions of hydrodynamics are solved making use of finite difference methods. Commonly-used algorithms of numerical relativistic hydrodynamics RHLLE and MUSTA-FORCE have been applied in simulations. To speed-up calculations, parallel processing has been made available for solving hydrodynamical equations. The test results of simulations for 3D, 2D and Bjorken expansion are reported in this paper. As a next step we plan to implement the hadronization algorithm by implementing the continuous particle emission for freeze-out and comparing it with Cooper-Frye formula.
{"title":"New computer program for three-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamical model","authors":"D. Kikoła, W. Peryt, Y. Sinyukov, M. Slodkowski, M. Szuba","doi":"10.1556/APH.27.2006.2-3.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/APH.27.2006.2-3.43","url":null,"abstract":"An effective computer program for three-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamical model has been developed. It implements a new approach to the early hot phase of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The computer program simulates time-space evolution of nuclear matter in terms of ideal-fluid dynamics. Equations of motions of hydrodynamics are solved making use of finite difference methods. Commonly-used algorithms of numerical relativistic hydrodynamics RHLLE and MUSTA-FORCE have been applied in simulations. To speed-up calculations, parallel processing has been made available for solving hydrodynamical equations. The test results of simulations for 3D, 2D and Bjorken expansion are reported in this paper. As a next step we plan to implement the hadronization algorithm by implementing the continuous particle emission for freeze-out and comparing it with Cooper-Frye formula.","PeriodicalId":201208,"journal":{"name":"Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127385827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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