Flexible pavement itself uses asphalt binder as a binding material between aggregates, but with the increasing number of vehicle loads, the ability of flexible pavement needs to be improved. A rubber is a natural polymer material that can be used to improve asphalt mixtures’ performance. This paper aims to analyze the effect of using pre-vulcanized latex on characteristics in hot mix asphalt wearing course mixtures. Pre-vulcanized latex is used as a substitute material for asphalt binder at levels of 7% and 9% by weight. Based on Marshall test results, the AC-WC mixture using pre-vulcanized latex achieved Marshall stability of 11.63 kN or increased by 32.28% at 7% content, while at 9%, it resulted in Marshall stability of 10.69 kN or increased by 21.06%, compared to the specification limit, which is 8.83 kN. The stiffness modulus test results of the asphalt mixture showed that at a temperature of 25°C, there was an increase of 17.46% and 28.26%, respectively, when using pre-vulcanized latex at levels of 7% and 9%. These findings indicate that the use of pre-vulcanized latex as a partial replacement for asphalt has a positive impact on temperature changes in the pavement material.
{"title":"The effect of pre-vulcanized latex usage on Marshall characteristics and stiffness modulus in hot mix asphalt wearing course (AC-WC) mixtures","authors":"Ramadhani Ramadhani, J. Arliansyah, Edi Kadarsa","doi":"10.22630/srees.6382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.6382","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible pavement itself uses asphalt binder as a binding material between aggregates, but with the increasing number of vehicle loads, the ability of flexible pavement needs to be improved. A rubber is a natural polymer material that can be used to improve asphalt mixtures’ performance. This paper aims to analyze the effect of using pre-vulcanized latex on characteristics in hot mix asphalt wearing course mixtures. Pre-vulcanized latex is used as a substitute material for asphalt binder at levels of 7% and 9% by weight. Based on Marshall test results, the AC-WC mixture using pre-vulcanized latex achieved Marshall stability of 11.63 kN or increased by 32.28% at 7% content, while at 9%, it resulted in Marshall stability of 10.69 kN or increased by 21.06%, compared to the specification limit, which is 8.83 kN. The stiffness modulus test results of the asphalt mixture showed that at a temperature of 25°C, there was an increase of 17.46% and 28.26%, respectively, when using pre-vulcanized latex at levels of 7% and 9%. These findings indicate that the use of pre-vulcanized latex as a partial replacement for asphalt has a positive impact on temperature changes in the pavement material.","PeriodicalId":201498,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences (SREES)","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141099402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barbara Klik, Piotr Jachimowicz, Ernesta Liniauskienė, M. Gusiatin, A. Radzevičius, M. Brtnický, R. Šadzevičius, A. Bęś, Z. Mazur, M. Dapkienė, M. Radziemska
The carried-out experiment aimed to assess the influence of ash derived from the thermochemical conversion of feathers (AGF) as a soil amendment, and Dactylis glomerata L. as a test plant in aided phytostabilization of soil strongly contaminated by Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn. The influence of AHG on the chemical properties of soil (pH as well as total and CaCl2-extracted heavy metals) as well as the plant yield and concentration of heavy metals in the roots and shoots. The applied soil amendment influenced an increase in the pH values of soil (by 0.4 units) and a reduction in CaCl2-extractable forms of Zn (25%), Cu (23%), Cd (20%) and Pb (12%), as well as total forms of Cu (35%), Zn (35%), Pb (20%) and Cd (17%) in the soil. The plant yield of the shoots of Dactylis glomerata L. following the application of AGF was 31% higher when compared to the control series. The roots of the tested plant in the AGF series contained higher values of the analyzed heavy metals in relation to the shoots, which was especially visible in the case of Pb (more than twice as high) and Cd (37%).
{"title":"Ash from gasification of poultry feathers for heavy metal immobilization under assisted phytostabilization in soils","authors":"Barbara Klik, Piotr Jachimowicz, Ernesta Liniauskienė, M. Gusiatin, A. Radzevičius, M. Brtnický, R. Šadzevičius, A. Bęś, Z. Mazur, M. Dapkienė, M. Radziemska","doi":"10.22630/srees.9761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.9761","url":null,"abstract":"The carried-out experiment aimed to assess the influence of ash derived from the thermochemical conversion of feathers (AGF) as a soil amendment, and Dactylis glomerata L. as a test plant in aided phytostabilization of soil strongly contaminated by Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn. The influence of AHG on the chemical properties of soil (pH as well as total and CaCl2-extracted heavy metals) as well as the plant yield and concentration of heavy metals in the roots and shoots. The applied soil amendment influenced an increase in the pH values of soil (by 0.4 units) and a reduction in CaCl2-extractable forms of Zn (25%), Cu (23%), Cd (20%) and Pb (12%), as well as total forms of Cu (35%), Zn (35%), Pb (20%) and Cd (17%) in the soil. The plant yield of the shoots of Dactylis glomerata L. following the application of AGF was 31% higher when compared to the control series. The roots of the tested plant in the AGF series contained higher values of the analyzed heavy metals in relation to the shoots, which was especially visible in the case of Pb (more than twice as high) and Cd (37%).","PeriodicalId":201498,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences (SREES)","volume":"46 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141113648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pioneer trains in Indonesia have been fully funded by the government. The construction needs a lot of funding that would burden the state budget. One of the alternatives is the public-private partnership scheme. This study aims to analyze the most effective unbundling scenario for financing and maintaining the Indralaya-Tanjung Senai train. The life cycle costs and conducting sensitivity analysis according to applicable regulations. The scenarios are based on ticket price increases and government support for the operation and maintenance (O&M) for this pioneer train route, calculated net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) value. Scenario 1 assumes that tickets do not receive subsidies; private companies are responsible for O&M costs. Scenario 2 assumes that ticket prices are set by private companies; the government is responsible for procurement and maintenance costs. Scenario 3 assumes that the government provides subsidies of IDR 10,000 per passenger as well as railway infrastructure; private companies bear the cost of procuring railbuses and operational expenses. Based on calculations with Scenario 1 NPV is IDR 0.73 billion; with Scenario 2 is IDR 4.64 billion and with Scenario 3 is IDR (–)1.34 billion. The analysis shows that increasing passenger fares according to price raises and inflation rates, and subsidies from governments for maintenance costs will make this railroad project financially feasible.
{"title":"Public-private partnerships scheme of pioneer train case study in South Sumatera area","authors":"Delli Noviarti Rachman, J. Arliansyah, E. Kadarsa","doi":"10.22630/srees.6358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.6358","url":null,"abstract":"Pioneer trains in Indonesia have been fully funded by the government. The construction needs a lot of funding that would burden the state budget. One of the alternatives is the public-private partnership scheme. This study aims to analyze the most effective unbundling scenario for financing and maintaining the Indralaya-Tanjung Senai train. The life cycle costs and conducting sensitivity analysis according to applicable regulations. The scenarios are based on ticket price increases and government support for the operation and maintenance (O&M) for this pioneer train route, calculated net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) value. Scenario 1 assumes that tickets do not receive subsidies; private companies are responsible for O&M costs. Scenario 2 assumes that ticket prices are set by private companies; the government is responsible for procurement and maintenance costs. Scenario 3 assumes that the government provides subsidies of IDR 10,000 per passenger as well as railway infrastructure; private companies bear the cost of procuring railbuses and operational expenses. Based on calculations with Scenario 1 NPV is IDR 0.73 billion; with Scenario 2 is IDR 4.64 billion and with Scenario 3 is IDR (–)1.34 billion. The analysis shows that increasing passenger fares according to price raises and inflation rates, and subsidies from governments for maintenance costs will make this railroad project financially feasible.","PeriodicalId":201498,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences (SREES)","volume":"99 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
О. Bochko, Nataliya Kosar, Nataliia Кuzo, N. Fihun, O. Kliuvak
It is determined that resolving waste reduction and disposal issues plays a crucial role in implementing the concept of sustainable development in individual countries. However, developing a waste management mechanism requires adequate information. The influence of various types of economic activities in Ukraine on waste formation is investigated in the pre-war period. It is assumed that these factors will remain relevant for Ukraine in the post-war period. To quantify the impact of various factors on waste generation in Ukraine, statistical data were used, and a multiple regression econometric model with partial elasticity coefficients was constructed. The calculations helped us establish that the determining factors influencing waste generation in Ukraine in the pre-war period were waste from the mining industry and quarry development and the processing industry. Ensuring waste reduction, disposal, and recycling in these sectors requires a comprehensive approach and cooperation from all parties. To achieve this goal, it is essential to combine technological innovations, environmental awareness among workers, and appropriate legislative initiatives. Recommended measures have been developed to reduce waste levels in various sectors of the economy at both the national and enterprise levels.
{"title":"Study of the influence of commercial activities on waste formation in Ukraine in the context of sustainable developmentment","authors":"О. Bochko, Nataliya Kosar, Nataliia Кuzo, N. Fihun, O. Kliuvak","doi":"10.22630/srees.6142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.6142","url":null,"abstract":"It is determined that resolving waste reduction and disposal issues plays a crucial role in implementing the concept of sustainable development in individual countries. However, developing a waste management mechanism requires adequate information. The influence of various types of economic activities in Ukraine on waste formation is investigated in the pre-war period. It is assumed that these factors will remain relevant for Ukraine in the post-war period. To quantify the impact of various factors on waste generation in Ukraine, statistical data were used, and a multiple regression econometric model with partial elasticity coefficients was constructed. The calculations helped us establish that the determining factors influencing waste generation in Ukraine in the pre-war period were waste from the mining industry and quarry development and the processing industry. Ensuring waste reduction, disposal, and recycling in these sectors requires a comprehensive approach and cooperation from all parties. To achieve this goal, it is essential to combine technological innovations, environmental awareness among workers, and appropriate legislative initiatives. Recommended measures have been developed to reduce waste levels in various sectors of the economy at both the national and enterprise levels.","PeriodicalId":201498,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences (SREES)","volume":"35 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonius, Ay Lie Han, Muslikh, Nurti Kusuma Anggraini
This paper presents the results of an investigation into geopolymer concrete confined by hoop reinforcement. The investigation focused on the strength and ductility of confined geopolymer concrete subjected to axial loads. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the strength and ductility behavior of confined concrete: by varying several confining reinforcement design parameters, like volumetric ratio, spacing, and yield stress. A total of 15 unconfined and confined geopolymer concrete specimens was produced and tested against axial loads. The test is carried out until the specimen collapses. Experimental results show that unconfined geopolymer concrete is highly brittle, characterized by very sharp post-peak behavior. The volumetric ratio, spacing, and yield stress of reinforcement play a significant role in determining the strength and ductility of confined geopolymer concrete. The comparison between the existing restraint models reviewed in the research was able to predict behavior before the peak of the experimental results very well. However, the existing confinement model has significantly different ductility behavior from the ductility behavior of the experimental results. In this research, an analytical expression of stress–strain for confined geopolymer concrete is developed by modifying the existing confinement model. The validation of confined concrete stress–strain between analytical expressions and experimental results is relatively close.
{"title":"Investigation on strength and ductility of confined geopolymer concrete subjected to axial loads","authors":"Antonius, Ay Lie Han, Muslikh, Nurti Kusuma Anggraini","doi":"10.22630/srees.9212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.9212","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of an investigation into geopolymer concrete confined by hoop reinforcement. The investigation focused on the strength and ductility of confined geopolymer concrete subjected to axial loads. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the strength and ductility behavior of confined concrete: by varying several confining reinforcement design parameters, like volumetric ratio, spacing, and yield stress. A total of 15 unconfined and confined geopolymer concrete specimens was produced and tested against axial loads. The test is carried out until the specimen collapses. Experimental results show that unconfined geopolymer concrete is highly brittle, characterized by very sharp post-peak behavior. The volumetric ratio, spacing, and yield stress of reinforcement play a significant role in determining the strength and ductility of confined geopolymer concrete. The comparison between the existing restraint models reviewed in the research was able to predict behavior before the peak of the experimental results very well. However, the existing confinement model has significantly different ductility behavior from the ductility behavior of the experimental results. In this research, an analytical expression of stress–strain for confined geopolymer concrete is developed by modifying the existing confinement model. The validation of confined concrete stress–strain between analytical expressions and experimental results is relatively close.","PeriodicalId":201498,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences (SREES)","volume":"28 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study used the analysis to provide considerable support of historical distortion in the Himalayan Chamoli tragedy of 2021. According to multi-objective data and survey results, a precursor event occurred in 2016, and a linear fracture grew at joint planes, suggesting that the 2021 rock ice avalanche will fail retrogressively. To analyze breaching, this study considers seven distinct criteria such as slope, water pressure, and faulty drainage, hydrostatic stress, agricultural operations, cloudbursts, and road building. Based on these characteristics, the support vector regression (SVR) model is utilized to analyze the sensitivity of the link between these parameters. The application of support vector regression analysis on the Chamoli instance confirmed our conclusion that embankment breaching causes glacier retreat and other consequences in increasing sensitivity to the characteristics of fractured rock masses in tectonically active mountain belts. Recent advances in environmental monitoring and geological monitoring systems can be used with the proposed SVR model to provide further information on the location and time of the impending catastrophic collapses in high hill regions.
{"title":"Support vector regression tree model for the embankment breaching analysis based on the Chamoli tragedy in Uttarakhand","authors":"Sitender, Deepak Kumar Verma, Baldev Setia","doi":"10.22630/srees.4894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.4894","url":null,"abstract":"This study used the analysis to provide considerable support of historical distortion in the Himalayan Chamoli tragedy of 2021. According to multi-objective data and survey results, a precursor event occurred in 2016, and a linear fracture grew at joint planes, suggesting that the 2021 rock ice avalanche will fail retrogressively. To analyze breaching, this study considers seven distinct criteria such as slope, water pressure, and faulty drainage, hydrostatic stress, agricultural operations, cloudbursts, and road building. Based on these characteristics, the support vector regression (SVR) model is utilized to analyze the sensitivity of the link between these parameters. The application of support vector regression analysis on the Chamoli instance confirmed our conclusion that embankment breaching causes glacier retreat and other consequences in increasing sensitivity to the characteristics of fractured rock masses in tectonically active mountain belts. Recent advances in environmental monitoring and geological monitoring systems can be used with the proposed SVR model to provide further information on the location and time of the impending catastrophic collapses in high hill regions.","PeriodicalId":201498,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences (SREES)","volume":" 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140390049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sachin Dadu Khandekar, Dinesh Shrikrishna Aswar, P. Sabale, Varsha Sachin Khandekar, M. Bajad, Shivakumar Khaple
In this research, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is combined with MLR and ANN to develop WMLR and WANN hybrid models, respectively, for the Brahmaputra river (Pancharatna station) flow forecasting. Daily flow data for the period of 10 year were decomposed (up to fifth level) into detailed and approximation coefficients (using Daubechies wavelets db1, db2, db3, db8 and db10) which were fed as input to MLR and ANN to get the predicted discharge values two days, four days, seven days and 14 days ahead. For all lead times, the WMLR-db10 model was found to be superior as compared to WANN-db1, WANN-db2, WANN-db3, WANN-db8, WMLR-db1, WMLR-db2, WMLR-db3, WMLR-db8 and single MLR and ANN models. During testing period, the values of determination coefficient (R2) and RMSE for WMLR-db10 model for two-, four-, seven- and 14-day lead time were found to be, respectively, 0.996 (751.87 m3·s–1), 0.991 (1,174.80 m3·s–1), 0.984 (1,585.02 m3·s–1), and 0.968 (2,196.46 m3·s–1). Also, it was observed that for lower order wavelets (db1, db2, db3) WANN’s performance was better, and for higher order wavelets (db8, db10) WMLR’s performance was better. Correspondingly, it was observed that all hybrid models’ efficiency increased with increase in the decomposition level.
{"title":"Hybrid wavelet transform – MLR and ANN models for river flow prediction: Case study of Brahmaputra river (Pancharatna station)","authors":"Sachin Dadu Khandekar, Dinesh Shrikrishna Aswar, P. Sabale, Varsha Sachin Khandekar, M. Bajad, Shivakumar Khaple","doi":"10.22630/srees.5258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.5258","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is combined with MLR and ANN to develop WMLR and WANN hybrid models, respectively, for the Brahmaputra river (Pancharatna station) flow forecasting. Daily flow data for the period of 10 year were decomposed (up to fifth level) into detailed and approximation coefficients (using Daubechies wavelets db1, db2, db3, db8 and db10) which were fed as input to MLR and ANN to get the predicted discharge values two days, four days, seven days and 14 days ahead. For all lead times, the WMLR-db10 model was found to be superior as compared to WANN-db1, WANN-db2, WANN-db3, WANN-db8, WMLR-db1, WMLR-db2, WMLR-db3, WMLR-db8 and single MLR and ANN models. During testing period, the values of determination coefficient (R2) and RMSE for WMLR-db10 model for two-, four-, seven- and 14-day lead time were found to be, respectively, 0.996 (751.87 m3·s–1), 0.991 (1,174.80 m3·s–1), 0.984 (1,585.02 m3·s–1), and 0.968 (2,196.46 m3·s–1). Also, it was observed that for lower order wavelets (db1, db2, db3) WANN’s performance was better, and for higher order wavelets (db8, db10) WMLR’s performance was better. Correspondingly, it was observed that all hybrid models’ efficiency increased with increase in the decomposition level.","PeriodicalId":201498,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences (SREES)","volume":"89 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140423840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Management of large debris caused by building demolition necessitates a multi-faceted approach to deal with emerging side effects. Because of emerging global challenges, such as population growth, and renovation projects, a dynamic models need to be planned and controlled. One of the key drivers of this management is determining the appropriate path for transporting waste and debris. Debris management by using the linear dynamic transportation model (LDT) is conducted to deal with the unexpected amount of debris and other solid waste. This sudden and unexpected large amount of solid waste might be produced by natural disasters or by man-made catastrophes either directly or indirectly. By computing several parameters in certain zones, a sensitivity analysis of each parameter is performed to obtain an optimal model for disaster debris management. Based on disaster debris volume, the model gave us an optimal explanation of the debris disposal by locals. According to the estimated parameters and conditions, significant findings appear by identifying the optimal dynamic transportation path of the debris truck. Thus, by applying the LDT model, the results showed that the efficiency/inefficiency of road types and networks clearly affect the handling of debris.
{"title":"Sustainable debris management by linear dynamic transportation model","authors":"Abdulamir Hussein Qasim","doi":"10.22630/srees.5247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.5247","url":null,"abstract":"Management of large debris caused by building demolition necessitates a multi-faceted approach to deal with emerging side effects. Because of emerging global challenges, such as population growth, and renovation projects, a dynamic models need to be planned and controlled. One of the key drivers of this management is determining the appropriate path for transporting waste and debris. Debris management by using the linear dynamic transportation model (LDT) is conducted to deal with the unexpected amount of debris and other solid waste. This sudden and unexpected large amount of solid waste might be produced by natural disasters or by man-made catastrophes either directly or indirectly. By computing several parameters in certain zones, a sensitivity analysis of each parameter is performed to obtain an optimal model for disaster debris management. Based on disaster debris volume, the model gave us an optimal explanation of the debris disposal by locals. According to the estimated parameters and conditions, significant findings appear by identifying the optimal dynamic transportation path of the debris truck. Thus, by applying the LDT model, the results showed that the efficiency/inefficiency of road types and networks clearly affect the handling of debris.","PeriodicalId":201498,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences (SREES)","volume":"2 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140440805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Aghbalyan, V. Bagdasaryan, G. A. Vasilyan, R. Wyczółkowski
This paper investigates the stress and strain state as well as formation processes of structure and features of aluminum alloys during the hot extrusion. It has been shown that during the hot extrusion the ring layers of an extruded element experience not only longitudinal and transverse deformations, but also a slip. The slip increases from inner layers to the surface layer. The tensile principal stresses and the sum of slip deformations also increase. It has been also demonstrated that at the exit of the pressing part the tensile principal stresses have different directions, forming an angle with extruder axis, which also increases towards the surface. In conclusion, it has been stated that the main radial and circumferential deformations act as restraining deformations.
{"title":"Investigations of stress and strain state of aluminum alloys during a hot extrusion and patterns of structure and feature formation","authors":"S. Aghbalyan, V. Bagdasaryan, G. A. Vasilyan, R. Wyczółkowski","doi":"10.22630/srees.5948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.5948","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the stress and strain state as well as formation processes of structure and features of aluminum alloys during the hot extrusion. It has been shown that during the hot extrusion the ring layers of an extruded element experience not only longitudinal and transverse deformations, but also a slip. The slip increases from inner layers to the surface layer. The tensile principal stresses and the sum of slip deformations also increase. It has been also demonstrated that at the exit of the pressing part the tensile principal stresses have different directions, forming an angle with extruder axis, which also increases towards the surface. In conclusion, it has been stated that the main radial and circumferential deformations act as restraining deformations.","PeriodicalId":201498,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences (SREES)","volume":"87 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139819538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article was conceived as an initial insight into the issues related to the representation of individual type costs (e.g. material, labor costs, property depreciation, etc.) in the price of water in the Czech Republic. The aim of the article was to point out the possibility of dependence between the size of the company operating the infrastructural property of water supply and sewerage and the representation of individual costs in the water price within the framework of the case study. As a sample that formed the outputs of the case study, 14 companies were taken, which were selected according to the unified regions of the Czech Republic. Both basic mathematical methods and elementary methods used in financial analysis were used in the analysis. Within the scope of the case study, it can be stated that there is no dependence between the size of the companies and the representation of costs. Among the largest costs from the point of view of financial representation are other direct costs, where the costs of depreciation, property repairs, rental property, as well as wage costs and material costs are mainly represented. Insignificant costs include, for example, energy costs, which are only represented in the range of 1.39–5.70% of the total costs. Therefore, in order for the results included in the case study to be considered statistically relevant, it is necessary to expand the sample and confirm or refute the initial findings published in this article.
{"title":"Cost analysis of water charge rates in the Czech Republic – Case study","authors":"Aneta Oblouková, Eva Vítková","doi":"10.22630/srees.5625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22630/srees.5625","url":null,"abstract":"The article was conceived as an initial insight into the issues related to the representation of individual type costs (e.g. material, labor costs, property depreciation, etc.) in the price of water in the Czech Republic. The aim of the article was to point out the possibility of dependence between the size of the company operating the infrastructural property of water supply and sewerage and the representation of individual costs in the water price within the framework of the case study. As a sample that formed the outputs of the case study, 14 companies were taken, which were selected according to the unified regions of the Czech Republic. Both basic mathematical methods and elementary methods used in financial analysis were used in the analysis. Within the scope of the case study, it can be stated that there is no dependence between the size of the companies and the representation of costs. Among the largest costs from the point of view of financial representation are other direct costs, where the costs of depreciation, property repairs, rental property, as well as wage costs and material costs are mainly represented. Insignificant costs include, for example, energy costs, which are only represented in the range of 1.39–5.70% of the total costs. Therefore, in order for the results included in the case study to be considered statistically relevant, it is necessary to expand the sample and confirm or refute the initial findings published in this article.","PeriodicalId":201498,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Review Engineering and Environmental Sciences (SREES)","volume":"107 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139878734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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