Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications最新文献

{"title":"Recovering cooperation in Spatial Prisoner’s Dilemma via a forced Loner mechanism","authors":"Yihang Qin,&nbsp;Hao Chen,&nbsp;Lin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cooperation is a fundamental organizing principle in biological and social systems. However, under resource constraints, cooperative behavior often collapses as defectors always gain resources unilaterally in interactions. To address this, we propose a Forced Loner Mechanism (FLM) integrated into the Spatial Prisoner’s Dilemma with resource dynamics (SPDL), where bankrupt agents are forced to withdraw and receive a guaranteed subsidy. This mechanism models realistic social subsidies or industrial safety nets. Simulation results indicate that the forced loner mechanism restores cooperation under high temptation to defect. This mechanism significantly improves the overall performance of the game system by enhancing efficiency, sustainability, and fairness. These properties are quantified by three macroscopic indicators: net output, average cumulative resources, and the Gini coefficient, respectively. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis reveals that the mechanism is robust against variations in the Loner payoff. These findings provide a quantitative understanding of how social exit and protection mechanisms can be interventions to stabilize cooperation in resource-limited systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"685 ","pages":"Article 131309"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A community-and-role-aware graph neural network on link prediction","authors":"Tian Qiu,&nbsp;Yaohua Chang,&nbsp;Guang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131271","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131271","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Link prediction is a crucial problem in complex networks, and graph neural networks provide an effective approach. However, many existing methods suffer from the representation learning in sparse networks. In reality, most real-world networks exhibit sparsity and contain a large number of small-degree nodes. Due to insufficient structural information, the ability to learn meaningful embeddings is significantly constrained for small-degree nodes. In this article, we propose a novel graph neural network method by constructing a two-layer graph attention network, with the community and role information incorporated into the graph attention network for the small-degree nodes. The aggregated information is not limited to direct neighbors, but is extended to more nodes with structural similarity, thereby greatly enriching the structural information of small-degree nodes. Experiments on eight real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"685 ","pages":"Article 131271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of evacuation time for large-scale spatial areas: A two-stage mathematical model","authors":"Songpei Xie ,&nbsp;Wei Lv ,&nbsp;Di Li ,&nbsp;Jinghui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenges of accurately and efficiently estimating evacuation time in large-scale spatial areas using traditional evacuation models, this study develops a two-stage mathematical model for the rapid and precise calculation of large-scale evacuation durations. The model integrates regression analysis methods and traffic flow theory to calculate evacuation time based on two stages of pedestrian evacuation: the local gathering stage and the road transfer stage. To evaluate the feasibility and applicability of the model, multiple scenarios are established for comprehensive verification and analysis. The results demonstrate that the model can effectively capture the dynamic evolution of large-scale evacuation processes and compute evacuation times within a short period, achieving a balance between computational efficiency and accuracy. Therefore, the proposed model provides an efficient and practical tool for estimating evacuation durations and supporting decision-making in large-scale area emergency management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"685 ","pages":"Article 131308"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural perturbations from peripheral node additions in temporal networks","authors":"Yu Lin ,&nbsp;Xinran Yang ,&nbsp;Zhuoming Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temporal networks evolve through continuous structural changes, yet the precise local–global effects of peripheral node entries remain underexplored. We propose a stepwise <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> evolution framework that identifies peripheral nodes as those occupying the first shell via k-shell decomposition and analyzes temporal evolution through cumulative snapshots keyed to first-appearance times. Our local–global contrast mechanism captures micro-level structural perturbations in the neighborhoods of new entrants and links them to macro-level shifts in network centralities and global topological properties. Using a large-scale online social network dataset, we demonstrate that peripheral entry induces a characteristic “initial sensitivity <span><math><mo>→</mo></math></span> rapid decay <span><math><mo>→</mo></math></span> long-run smoothing” response pattern at both local and global scales. These findings offer theoretical insights into the self-regulatory dynamics of evolving networks and provide practical guidelines for stability optimization, diffusion control, and structural intervention in complex systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"685 ","pages":"Article 131300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling childhood asthma risk structure via Bayesian network topology","authors":"Changgui Gu ,&nbsp;Huize Ge ,&nbsp;Haiying Wang ,&nbsp;Chanjuan Sun ,&nbsp;Huijie Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Asthma is a complex chronic respiratory disease that involves intricate interactions among indoor air pollution, allergen exposure, and multiple comorbidities. Traditional statistical methods often fail to capture dependencies among risk factors in nonlinear, multifactorial relationships. To address this, we employ a Bayesian network model from a network science perspective to represent probabilistic dependencies via a directed acyclic graph and conditional probability tables, enabling comprehensive analysis of dependency patterns and community structures. Community detection reveals four distinct modules, which yield a modularity of 0.59. Additionally, we develop a novel quantitative assessment system to rank environmental factors based on their relative contributions to asthma risk. Among individuals with allergic tendencies, changes in cleaning habits were linked to the highest increase in predicted asthma risk, reaching 7.64%. Paradoxically, this behavioral change appears to elevate asthma risk. Furthermore, the combined effect of cleaning habit modification and pet avoidance demonstrates significant synergy, providing valuable insights for developing early warning systems and targeted preventive strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"685 ","pages":"Article 131306"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and simulation of alighting and boarding processes of passengers in metro stations","authors":"Yining Jia ,&nbsp;Qiyi Chen ,&nbsp;Libi Fu ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Tianpei Zhu ,&nbsp;Yongqian Shi ,&nbsp;Hongliu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Subway efficiency is significantly affected by chaotic boarding and alighting processes. A modified Social Force Model (MSFM) is proposed to address this issue. The “Disembarking Precedes Embarking” (DPE) rule is integrated with microscopic mechanisms, such as body rotation and obstacle avoidance. Simulations are conducted using realistic spatial configurations. The model is validated against experimental data, and no significant difference is shown. Consequently, realistic passenger dynamics are effectively captured. It is observed that operation times are prolonged by non-compliance with the DPE rule of pedestrians. Furthermore, door congestion is maximized at a 1:1 boarding-to-alighting ratio. A strategy allowing alighting from the center and boarding from both sides is proven to be superior. This research will provide theoretical support for the design of public transit facilities and practical guidance strategies to enhance passenger flow and safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"685 ","pages":"Article 131279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Many-body localization properties of fully frustrated Heisenberg spin-1/2 ladder model with next-nearest-neighbor interaction","authors":"Taotao Hu ,&nbsp;Jiameng Hong ,&nbsp;Dongyan Guo ,&nbsp;Hang Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geometric frustration and quasi-one-dimensionality present a rich arena for probing the stability and criticality of the many-body localization (MBL) transition. In this article, we investigate the many-body localization (MBL) properties of a fully frustrated Heisenberg spin-1/2 ladder model and compare them with a single-chain model using exact diagonalization. While both models exhibit standard MBL signatures, the frustrated ladder demonstrates enhanced stability against localization, requiring substantially stronger critical disorder. This conclusion is reinforced by a significant upward drift of the critical point with system size, where linear extrapolation to the thermodynamic limit suggests true critical points at approximately <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>∞</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>∼</mo></mrow></math></span> 15.33 for the ladder and 11.68 for the chain, indicating that our finite-size estimates (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>w</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>∼</mo></mrow></math></span> 10.5 ±0.5 and <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>w</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>∼</mo></mrow></math></span> 7.5 ±0.5) should be interpreted as lower bounds. Our work demonstrates that geometric frustration not only enhances the stability of the MBL phase but may also influence the underlying critical scaling, offering new insights into the role of dimensionality and interactions in disordered quantum systems. Dynamical probes including entanglement entropy, fidelity, and magnetization clearly distinguish the thermal phase, showing rapid thermalization with volume-law entanglement, from the MBL phase characterized by slow logarithmic entanglement growth and memory preservation. The peak in entanglement entropy variance below the global transition marks the Griffiths regime, where rare thermal regions cause enhanced fluctuations. Finite-size scaling yields a critical exponent for the ladder model more consistent with the Harris bound than the chain model’s. Furthermore, the better data collapse for a continuous transition compared to a Kosterlitz–Thouless type is interpreted as reflecting the pre-asymptotic regime of our small systems rather than definitively identifying the universality class. This work extends MBL studies to frustrated quasi-1D geometries and highlights the critical importance of accounting for finite-size effects in disordered quantum systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"685 ","pages":"Article 131303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The correlated cluster mean-field approach to the frustrated Ising model on the honeycomb lattice","authors":"Carlos H.D. Batista ,&nbsp;M. Schmidt ,&nbsp;F.M. Zimmer","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>J</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>-<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>J</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> Ising model on the honeycomb lattice, considering ferromagnetic interactions between first neighbors (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>J</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) and antiferromagnetic interactions between second neighbors (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>J</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>). Our analysis is based on the correlated cluster mean-field theory, which is adapted to incorporate competing interactions, providing estimates for the behavior of magnetization, internal energy, entropy, specific heat, and short-range correlations of the model. Our results indicate that the transition temperature of the ferromagnetic–paramagnetic phase transition decreases toward zero as the frustration maximum (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>J</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mrow><mi>J</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></math></span>) is approached, and the thermodynamic quantities indicate only continuous phase transitions for <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mrow><mi>J</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mrow><mi>J</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math></span>. The critical temperature and the nature of phase transitions provided by the correlated cluster mean-field method are in excellent agreement with very recent Monte Carlo simulations for the model. Furthermore, the specific heat exhibits a broad maximum within the PM phase under strong frustration, suggesting the onset of a correlated paramagnetic state with high entropy content at low temperatures. Therefore, our findings support that frustration not only suppresses the ferromagnetic long-range order, but also drives significant changes in the thermodynamics and short-range correlations of the model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"685 ","pages":"Article 131305"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of superthermal electrons on the quantum electron acoustic double layers in dense astrophysical plasmas","authors":"Aakanksha Singh,&nbsp;Punit Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electron-acoustic double layers (EADLs) have been investigated in four component unmagnetized dense quantum plasmas consisting of stationary background ions and two electron populations, ‘cold’ and ‘hot’ with the superthermal kappa-distributed electrons. Using the quantum hydrodynamic (QHD) model and the reductive perturbation technique, a generalized Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation was derived, and stationary analytical solutions are obtained. The analysis revealed that superthermal electrons substantially influence the amplitude, width, and polarity of EADLs. Numerical results indicated that decreasing the spectral index κ or increasing the relative density of κ-electrons to hot electrons intensifies nonlinear effects, producing stronger compressive and rarefactive structures. It is also found that κ plays a more dominant role than density ratio in controlling EADL properties in dense astrophysical environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"685 ","pages":"Article 131294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronization in higher-order networks of Kuramoto oscillators","authors":"Linying Xiang,&nbsp;Shuwei Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physa.2026.131277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the synchronization of phase oscillators in higher-order networks, focusing on two representative frameworks: hypergraphs and simplicial complexes. Extending the classical Kuramoto model beyond pairwise interactions, we incorporate higher-order interactions to elucidate how coupling strength distributions and network topology jointly influence synchronization dynamics. We find that higher-order interactions exert a dual regulatory effect on synchronizability: depending on the parameter regime, they may either enhance or suppress global synchronization. This result challenges the widely held view that higher-order interactions universally promote synchronization. Despite their distinct mathematical constructions, hypergraphs and simplicial complexes exhibit similar dependencies on low-order coupling strength in shaping synchronization patterns. Within the framework of linear stability theory, a multi-order Laplacian formalism is given to analytically characterize the stability of synchronous states induced by higher-order topological structures. To connect microscopic network architecture with macroscopic dynamical behavior, we further introduce a higher-order structural overlap measure. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the coupling allocation ratio, topological filling rate, and structural overlap play crucial roles in determining synchronization dynamics. These findings provide a unified physical understanding of synchronization in higher-order networks and offer insights into the emergence and control of collective dynamics in complex systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20152,"journal":{"name":"Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications","volume":"685 ","pages":"Article 131277"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}