Biochar is considered as a soil amendment for enhancing crop productivity. However, limited information is available on the residual effect of biochar application on rice grain yield and yield attributes. In this study, a fixed field experiment was conducted in a double rice-cropping system from 2017 to 2019. The dynamics of rice grain yield and yield attributes were monitored in the six growing seasons with 0, 20, and 40 t/ha biochar application. The results showed that the averaged grain yields in the first four seasons were increased by 2.56−16.84% and 6.15−10.77% with 20 and 40 t/ha biochar application. The trend of increased grain yield in rice with biochar application during the first seasons was mainly attributable to an increase in total biomass, panicles per m2 and spikelets per panicle. Nonetheless, the grain yields in the sixth season were not influenced by biochar addition due to decreases in panicles per m2 and spikelets per panicle. Thus, it can be seen that the positive effects of biochar application on rice yield and yield attributes depend on the duration of biochar application.
{"title":"Residual effect of straw biochar on grain yield and yield attributes in a double rice cropping system of subtropical China","authors":"Rujie Lv, Yong Wang, Qiuju Wang, Yanhua Zeng, Qingyin Shang","doi":"10.17221/147/2022-pse","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/147/2022-pse","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar is considered as a soil amendment for enhancing crop productivity. However, limited information is available on the residual effect of biochar application on rice grain yield and yield attributes. In this study, a fixed field experiment was conducted in a double rice-cropping system from 2017 to 2019. The dynamics of rice grain yield and yield attributes were monitored in the six growing seasons with 0, 20, and 40 t/ha biochar application. The results showed that the averaged grain yields in the first four seasons were increased by 2.56−16.84% and 6.15−10.77% with 20 and 40 t/ha biochar application. The trend of increased grain yield in rice with biochar application during the first seasons was mainly attributable to an increase in total biomass, panicles per m2 and spikelets per panicle. Nonetheless, the grain yields in the sixth season were not influenced by biochar addition due to decreases in panicles per m2 and spikelets per panicle. Thus, it can be seen that the positive effects of biochar application on rice yield and yield attributes depend on the duration of biochar application.","PeriodicalId":20155,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Soil and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44813195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mária Barboričová, Andrej Filaček, Dominika Mlynáriková Vysoká, Kristína Gašparovič, Marek Živčák, M. Brestič
This study aimed to characterise the specific phenotypic responses and the sensitivity of photosynthetic parameters to progressive drought in modern wheat genotypes. In pot experiments, we tested eight wheat genotypes (Triticum sp.) that differed in ploidy level and country of origin. Water stress was simulated by the restriction of irrigation, which led to a decreased leaf relative water content of up to 70%. During gradual dehydration, changes in the structure and function of photosystem II (PSII) were analysed using the fluorescence parameters derived from fast fluorescence kinetics (OJIP transient). The results indicated that a group of JIP test-based parameters demonstrated sensitivity to drought, including genotype-specific responses. Severe drought stress led to a decrease in the photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), a reduction in the number of active PSII reaction centers (RC/ABS) and a decrease in parameters, indicating overall photochemical performance at the PSII level (performance indices PIabs and PItot). These findings demonstrate that the approaches used in our experiments were useful and reliable in monitoring the physiological responses of individual varieties of wheat exposed to stress conditions, and they have application potential as selection criteria in crop breeding. The contribution of the high-temperature effects on the photochemical responses under water deficit conditions is also discussed.
{"title":"Sensitivity of fast chlorophyll fluorescence parameters to combined heat and drought stress in wheat genotypes","authors":"Mária Barboričová, Andrej Filaček, Dominika Mlynáriková Vysoká, Kristína Gašparovič, Marek Živčák, M. Brestič","doi":"10.17221/87/2022-pse","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/87/2022-pse","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to characterise the specific phenotypic responses and the sensitivity of photosynthetic parameters to progressive drought in modern wheat genotypes. In pot experiments, we tested eight wheat genotypes (Triticum sp.) that differed in ploidy level and country of origin. Water stress was simulated by the restriction of irrigation, which led to a decreased leaf relative water content of up to 70%. During gradual dehydration, changes in the structure and function of photosystem II (PSII) were analysed using the fluorescence parameters derived from fast fluorescence kinetics (OJIP transient). The results indicated that a group of JIP test-based parameters demonstrated sensitivity to drought, including genotype-specific responses. Severe drought stress led to a decrease in the photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), a reduction in the number of active PSII reaction centers (RC/ABS) and a decrease in parameters, indicating overall photochemical performance at the PSII level (performance indices PIabs and PItot). These findings demonstrate that the approaches used in our experiments were useful and reliable in monitoring the physiological responses of individual varieties of wheat exposed to stress conditions, and they have application potential as selection criteria in crop breeding. The contribution of the high-temperature effects on the photochemical responses under water deficit conditions is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":20155,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Soil and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42477244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soil fungi played important roles in the maintenance of soil fertility and soil sustainable development. In this study, the effects of different fertilisers (i.e. bacterial fertiliser (BF), composed of organic matters and bacteria; mineral fertiliser (MF), composed of N, P and K) on soil fungi in wheat field were analysed. The results showed that the yield of winter wheat with BF was 4 788.52 kg/ha, which was significantly higher than that with term MF. Chao 1and Shannon indexes and principal coordinates analysis showed that fertilisation increased the richness of soil fungi to varying degrees and changed the fungal community structure of soil compared with no fertiliser control (NF). The soil fungal community was mainly composed of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota, with Ascomycota as the main species (62.67–65.08%). Compared with MF, the relative abundance of potential beneficial fungi Talaromyces in BF increased 4.44 times. Compared with no fertiliser control, the relative abundance of potential beneficial fungi Chrysosporium in BF increased 4.11 times. The abundance of potential soil pathogenic fungi (P < 0.01), like Stachybotrys, Acrocalymma, Achroiostachys, Arachnomyces and Setophoma, significantly decreased in BF treatment, which was beneficial to the maintenance of crop health and the sustainable development of the environment. Moreover, the network analysis showed that the interspecific relationship of soil fungi in BF was more intimate than MF and NF and fungi were inclined to adopt cooperative manner to adapt ecological niches in BF treatment. The improvement of wheat yield might be due to the optimisation of soil fungal community structure by applying BF, which strengthened the transformation of nutrients in soil, increased some biocontrol microorganism, and reduced the crop disease. The results explain the improvement of wheat yield by BF to a certain extent, and provided theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation of wheat.
{"title":"Effect of fertilisation on fungal community in topsoil of winter wheat field","authors":"Fei-Hong Zhai, Tingliang Li, Xiaorui Qin, Xiaodong Zhao, Liwei Jiang, Ying-he Xie","doi":"10.17221/117/2022-pse","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/117/2022-pse","url":null,"abstract":"Soil fungi played important roles in the maintenance of soil fertility and soil sustainable development. In this study, the effects of different fertilisers (i.e. bacterial fertiliser (BF), composed of organic matters and bacteria; mineral fertiliser (MF), composed of N, P and K) on soil fungi in wheat field were analysed. The results showed that the yield of winter wheat with BF was 4 788.52 kg/ha, which was significantly higher than that with term MF. Chao 1and Shannon indexes and principal coordinates analysis showed that fertilisation increased the richness of soil fungi to varying degrees and changed the fungal community structure of soil compared with no fertiliser control (NF). The soil fungal community was mainly composed of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota, with Ascomycota as the main species (62.67–65.08%). Compared with MF, the relative abundance of potential beneficial fungi Talaromyces in BF increased 4.44 times. Compared with no fertiliser control, the relative abundance of potential beneficial fungi Chrysosporium in BF increased 4.11 times. The abundance of potential soil pathogenic fungi (P < 0.01), like Stachybotrys, Acrocalymma, Achroiostachys, Arachnomyces and Setophoma, significantly decreased in BF treatment, which was beneficial to the maintenance of crop health and the sustainable development of the environment. Moreover, the network analysis showed that the interspecific relationship of soil fungi in BF was more intimate than MF and NF and fungi were inclined to adopt cooperative manner to adapt ecological niches in BF treatment. The improvement of wheat yield might be due to the optimisation of soil fungal community structure by applying BF, which strengthened the transformation of nutrients in soil, increased some biocontrol microorganism, and reduced the crop disease. The results explain the improvement of wheat yield by BF to a certain extent, and provided theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation of wheat.","PeriodicalId":20155,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Soil and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45715593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Qu, G. Bao, X. Pan, Jiancai Guo, Tong Xiang, Xinyu Fan, Xin Zhang, Yinan Yang, B. Yan, Hongwei Zhao, Guomei Li
Crops are commonly subjected to freeze-thaw and salt stress factors simultaneously in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the agricultural field, potassium fulvic acid can not only promote plant growth and increase crop yield but also enhance plant resistance to stress. In this study, the changes of osmotic adjustment substances, antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics of barley seedlings under alkaline salt and freeze-thaw stress were investigated by laboratory simulation. The results showed that under single alkaline salt stress, the soluble protein content increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of seedlings increased by 63.1%; however, antioxidant enzymes activities and photosynthetic rate of barley seedlings decreased. Under combined stresses of alkaline salt and freeze-thaw, the soluble protein content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and photosynthetic rate of barley seedlings decreased; in contrast, the MDA content of seedlings increased. With the addition of potassium fulvic acid, the soluble protein content of seedlings increased, MDA content decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and enzyme activities tended to be stable. This study revealed that the addition of a proper amount of potassium fulvic acid could mitigate the damage of alkali salt and freeze-thaw stress on barley seedlings.
{"title":"Resistance of highland barley seedlings to alkaline salt and freeze-thaw stress with the addition of potassium fulvic acid","authors":"Y. Qu, G. Bao, X. Pan, Jiancai Guo, Tong Xiang, Xinyu Fan, Xin Zhang, Yinan Yang, B. Yan, Hongwei Zhao, Guomei Li","doi":"10.17221/84/2022-pse","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/84/2022-pse","url":null,"abstract":"Crops are commonly subjected to freeze-thaw and salt stress factors simultaneously in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the agricultural field, potassium fulvic acid can not only promote plant growth and increase crop yield but also enhance plant resistance to stress. In this study, the changes of osmotic adjustment substances, antioxidant enzyme activities and photosynthetic characteristics of barley seedlings under alkaline salt and freeze-thaw stress were investigated by laboratory simulation. The results showed that under single alkaline salt stress, the soluble protein content increased significantly (P < 0.05), and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of seedlings increased by 63.1%; however, antioxidant enzymes activities and photosynthetic rate of barley seedlings decreased. Under combined stresses of alkaline salt and freeze-thaw, the soluble protein content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and photosynthetic rate of barley seedlings decreased; in contrast, the MDA content of seedlings increased. With the addition of potassium fulvic acid, the soluble protein content of seedlings increased, MDA content decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and enzyme activities tended to be stable. This study revealed that the addition of a proper amount of potassium fulvic acid could mitigate the damage of alkali salt and freeze-thaw stress on barley seedlings.","PeriodicalId":20155,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Soil and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42566942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
CO2 emissions represent one of the greenhouse gases significantly affecting climate change. Reduced tillage practices can contribute to the mitigation of CO2 emissions from soils. The effect of tillage practices with different straw incorporation on CO2 emissions was studied in field experiments in the years 2020 and 2021. The winter wheat straw was used in 2020, and spring barley straw in 2021. Treatments were: (1) chiselling to 10–12 cm; (2) shallow chiselling (5–6 cm depth); (3) straw mulch, and (4) stubble. The chiselling to 10–12 cm in the warm summer period of 2020 increased the CO2 emissions from soils even twice in comparison with other used soil tillage practices. The soil temperature and CO2 emissions decreased in the following order: chiselling to 10–12 cm < shallow chiselling ≤ stubble ≤ mulch in 2020. Low CO2 emissions without significant differences among treatments were observed in the year 2021 when low soil temperatures and excessive soil water content filling soil pores caused by intensive precipitations (23 mm) coming shortly after soil tillage were observed. The CO2 emissions from soils are affected by a number of factors. Among them the current weather conditions as well as soil temperature the depth of soil tillage and handling of postharvest residues, are important.
二氧化碳排放是影响气候变化的主要温室气体之一。减少耕作方式有助于减少土壤中的二氧化碳排放。通过2020年和2021年的田间试验，研究了不同秸秆还田方式对CO2排放的影响。2020年使用冬小麦秸秆，2021年使用春大麦秸秆。处理方法:(1)凿至10-12 cm;(2)浅凿(5-6厘米深);(3)秸秆覆盖;(4)残茬。与其他土壤耕作方式相比，在2020年温暖的夏季将土壤凿至10-12厘米，土壤的二氧化碳排放量甚至增加了一倍。2020年土壤温度和CO2排放量降低的顺序为:凿凿至10 ~ 12 cm <浅凿凿≤残茬≤覆盖。在2021年，由于土壤耕作后不久出现的强降水(23 mm)，土壤温度较低，土壤含水量过高，填满土壤孔隙，CO2排放量较低，处理间差异不显著。土壤中的二氧化碳排放受到许多因素的影响。其中，当前的天气条件以及土壤温度、土壤耕作深度和采后剩余物的处理都是重要的。
{"title":"CO2 emissions in a soil under different tillage practices","authors":"G. Mühlbachová, H. Kusá, P. Růžek, R. Vavera","doi":"10.17221/110/2022-pse","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/110/2022-pse","url":null,"abstract":"CO2 emissions represent one of the greenhouse gases significantly affecting climate change. Reduced tillage practices can contribute to the mitigation of CO2 emissions from soils. The effect of tillage practices with different straw incorporation on CO2 emissions was studied in field experiments in the years 2020 and 2021. The winter wheat straw was used in 2020, and spring barley straw in 2021. Treatments were: (1) chiselling to 10–12 cm; (2) shallow chiselling (5–6 cm depth); (3) straw mulch, and (4) stubble. The chiselling to 10–12 cm in the warm summer period of 2020 increased the CO2 emissions from soils even twice in comparison with other used soil tillage practices. The soil temperature and CO2 emissions decreased in the following order: chiselling to 10–12 cm < shallow chiselling ≤ stubble ≤ mulch in 2020. Low CO2 emissions without significant differences among treatments were observed in the year 2021 when low soil temperatures and excessive soil water content filling soil pores caused by intensive precipitations (23 mm) coming shortly after soil tillage were observed. The CO2 emissions from soils are affected by a number of factors. Among them the current weather conditions as well as soil temperature the depth of soil tillage and handling of postharvest residues, are important.","PeriodicalId":20155,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Soil and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45656805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Keszthelyi, S. Kadlicskó, György Pásztor, A. Takács, E. Szolcsányi, F. Pál-Fám, H. Lukács, Z. Pónya, Richárd Hoffmann, K. Rudolf, T. Sipos, Éva Piszker, Monika Treitz, Á. Mesterházy, Katalin Somfalvi‐Tóth, I. Jócsák, G. Kazinczi
The aim of our three consecutive years (2017–2019) field trial was to obtain information as to the effect of weather conditions of the actual year as well as to assess the impact of some technological parameters such as fertilisation, the choice on the hybrid type on the yield parameters, phytosanitary conditions and mycotoxin contamination of maize. According to our results, the climatic characteristics of the years, the examined hybrid characters (FAO 310 and 490) and the fact of N-fertilisation had significant effects on yield parameters and grain moisture content. The additional N-supply did not affect the development or severity of stem rot in any of the hybrid effects. In this respect, the year effect appeared to be the decisive factor since much higher stem rot values were recorded in the plots of the longer growing season hybrids. Among the mycotoxins examined, only zearalenone and fumonisin found in the harvest were significantly influenced by the effect of the year, the length of the growing season as well as nutrient replenishment. It can be stated that the applied technological parameters have a major effect on the expression of this toxin load in maize. Dry maize stocks that have lost their water in the vegetation are predisposing factors for toxin accumulation. N-content of soil and that of plants can play a different role in mycotoxin accumulation in maize plants.
{"title":"Harvesting and phytosanitary parameters with particular regard to mycotoxin content of maize as a function of different seasonal, fertilisation and hybrid effect","authors":"S. Keszthelyi, S. Kadlicskó, György Pásztor, A. Takács, E. Szolcsányi, F. Pál-Fám, H. Lukács, Z. Pónya, Richárd Hoffmann, K. Rudolf, T. Sipos, Éva Piszker, Monika Treitz, Á. Mesterházy, Katalin Somfalvi‐Tóth, I. Jócsák, G. Kazinczi","doi":"10.17221/80/2022-pse","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/80/2022-pse","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our three consecutive years (2017–2019) field trial was to obtain information as to the effect of weather conditions of the actual year as well as to assess the impact of some technological parameters such as fertilisation, the choice on the hybrid type on the yield parameters, phytosanitary conditions and mycotoxin contamination of maize. According to our results, the climatic characteristics of the years, the examined hybrid characters (FAO 310 and 490) and the fact of N-fertilisation had significant effects on yield parameters and grain moisture content. The additional N-supply did not affect the development or severity of stem rot in any of the hybrid effects. In this respect, the year effect appeared to be the decisive factor since much higher stem rot values were recorded in the plots of the longer growing season hybrids. Among the mycotoxins examined, only zearalenone and fumonisin found in the harvest were significantly influenced by the effect of the year, the length of the growing season as well as nutrient replenishment. It can be stated that the applied technological parameters have a major effect on the expression of this toxin load in maize. Dry maize stocks that have lost their water in the vegetation are predisposing factors for toxin accumulation. N-content of soil and that of plants can play a different role in mycotoxin accumulation in maize plants.","PeriodicalId":20155,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Soil and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49232144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Gerhards, Miriam H. Messelhäuser, Bernd Sievernich
Delayed sowing of winter cereals in Western Europe is a preventive method to reduce Alopecurus myosuroides infestations. Two series of on-farm studies including 36 experiments were conducted in South-Western Germany to analyse the combined effects of delayed sowing and pre-emergence herbicide application on A. myosuroides density, weed control efficacy and cereal grain yield. From 2006 until 2009, pendimethalin + flufenacet was applied one week after sowing winter barley and winter wheat. From 2018 until 2020, cinmethylin was used in winter wheat and winter triticale. Densities of A. myosuroides in the untreated early sown control plots amounted up to 1 233 plants/m2. Delayed sowing on average reduced densities by 43%. The mixture of pendimethalin + flufenacet in combination with delayed sowing controlled 87% of the A. myosuroides plants and increased cereal grain yields from 6.4 t/ha in the early sown untreated control to 7.9 t/ha. Cinmethylin in combination with delayed sowing resulted in 91% weed control efficacy and increased grain yields from 5.3 t/ha to 8.8 t/ha. Average grain yields of all delayed sowing treatments were 0.7 t/ha higher than in the early sown treatments. Therefore, delayed sowing combined with pre-emergence herbicide application is a cost-effective strategy of integrated weed management (IWM) in winter cereals reducing dependency on post-emergence herbicide use and mitigating the risk of herbicide resistance development.
{"title":"Suppressing Alopecurus myosuroides in winter cereals by delayed sowing and pre-emergence herbicides","authors":"R. Gerhards, Miriam H. Messelhäuser, Bernd Sievernich","doi":"10.17221/118/2022-pse","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/118/2022-pse","url":null,"abstract":"Delayed sowing of winter cereals in Western Europe is a preventive method to reduce Alopecurus myosuroides infestations. Two series of on-farm studies including 36 experiments were conducted in South-Western Germany to analyse the combined effects of delayed sowing and pre-emergence herbicide application on A. myosuroides density, weed control efficacy and cereal grain yield. From 2006 until 2009, pendimethalin + flufenacet was applied one week after sowing winter barley and winter wheat. From 2018 until 2020, cinmethylin was used in winter wheat and winter triticale. Densities of A. myosuroides in the untreated early sown control plots amounted up to 1 233 plants/m2. Delayed sowing on average reduced densities by 43%. The mixture of pendimethalin + flufenacet in combination with delayed sowing controlled 87% of the A. myosuroides plants and increased cereal grain yields from 6.4 t/ha in the early sown untreated control to 7.9 t/ha. Cinmethylin in combination with delayed sowing resulted in 91% weed control efficacy and increased grain yields from 5.3 t/ha to 8.8 t/ha. Average grain yields of all delayed sowing treatments were 0.7 t/ha higher than in the early sown treatments. Therefore, delayed sowing combined with pre-emergence herbicide application is a cost-effective strategy of integrated weed management (IWM) in winter cereals reducing dependency on post-emergence herbicide use and mitigating the risk of herbicide resistance development.","PeriodicalId":20155,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Soil and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47842377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zenghui Sun, Ya Hu, Lei Shi, Gang Li, Jichang Han, Z. Pang, Siqi Liu, Yamiao Chen, Baobao Jia
Improved soil properties are commonly reported benefits of adding biochar to agriculture soils. To investigate the range of biochar’s effects on soil chemical properties (e.g., soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total carbon (TC), and soil carbon-nitrogen ratio (C : N ratio)) in response to varied experimental conditions, a meta-analysis was conducted on previously published results. The results showed that the effect of biochar on soil chemical properties varied depending on management conditions, soil properties, biochar pyrolysis conditions, and biochar properties. The effect size (Hedges’d) of the biochar was greatest for SOC (0.50), the C : N ratio of soil (0.44), soil pH (0.39), TC (0.35), EC (0.21), and CEC (0.20). Among the various factors examined by aggregated boosted tree analysis, the effects of biochar on soil chemical properties were largely explained by the biochar application rate, initial soil pH, and soil sand content. In conclusion, our study suggests that improving soil chemical properties by adding biochar not only requires consideration of biochar application rates and chemical properties but also the local soil environmental factors, especially soil initial pH and sand content of the soil, should be considered.
{"title":"Effects of biochar on soil chemical properties: A global meta-analysis of agricultural soil","authors":"Zenghui Sun, Ya Hu, Lei Shi, Gang Li, Jichang Han, Z. Pang, Siqi Liu, Yamiao Chen, Baobao Jia","doi":"10.17221/522/2021-pse","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/522/2021-pse","url":null,"abstract":"Improved soil properties are commonly reported benefits of adding biochar to agriculture soils. To investigate the range of biochar’s effects on soil chemical properties (e.g., soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total carbon (TC), and soil carbon-nitrogen ratio (C : N ratio)) in response to varied experimental conditions, a meta-analysis was conducted on previously published results. The results showed that the effect of biochar on soil chemical properties varied depending on management conditions, soil properties, biochar pyrolysis conditions, and biochar properties. The effect size (Hedges’d) of the biochar was greatest for SOC (0.50), the C : N ratio of soil (0.44), soil pH (0.39), TC (0.35), EC (0.21), and CEC (0.20). Among the various factors examined by aggregated boosted tree analysis, the effects of biochar on soil chemical properties were largely explained by the biochar application rate, initial soil pH, and soil sand content. In conclusion, our study suggests that improving soil chemical properties by adding biochar not only requires consideration of biochar application rates and chemical properties but also the local soil environmental factors, especially soil initial pH and sand content of the soil, should be considered.","PeriodicalId":20155,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Soil and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49313495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. N. Sholehah, E. Setiawan, D. Ermavitalini, M. Khasanah, Edy Setiti Wida Utami, S. Hariyanto, H. Purnobasuki
Foliar nutrients containing macronutrients, micronutrients and a combination of both were applied to Physalis peruviana, P. alkekengi and P. ixocarpa to determine their effect on fruit quality. A randomised complete block design study was conducted in a greenhouse on Madura Island, Indonesia. This study showed significant interactions between Physalis species and foliar nutrition to the physicochemical character of the fruit. Each species responded differently to the given nutrients. The combination of 1 g/L macronutrient (P and K) and 0.0625 g/L micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu, B, Mo and Mn) resulted in the highest fruit antioxidant activity, vitamin C, total soluble solids and redness of the three Physalis species. Generally, macronutrients and micronutrients in combination can be recommended to increase the quality of Physalis fruit.
{"title":"Enhancing fruit quality of three Physalis sp. throughout foliar nutrition","authors":"D. N. Sholehah, E. Setiawan, D. Ermavitalini, M. Khasanah, Edy Setiti Wida Utami, S. Hariyanto, H. Purnobasuki","doi":"10.17221/107/2022-pse","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/107/2022-pse","url":null,"abstract":"Foliar nutrients containing macronutrients, micronutrients and a combination of both were applied to Physalis peruviana, P. alkekengi and P. ixocarpa to determine their effect on fruit quality. A randomised complete block design study was conducted in a greenhouse on Madura Island, Indonesia. This study showed significant interactions between Physalis species and foliar nutrition to the physicochemical character of the fruit. Each species responded differently to the given nutrients. The combination of 1 g/L macronutrient (P and K) and 0.0625 g/L micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Cu, B, Mo and Mn) resulted in the highest fruit antioxidant activity, vitamin C, total soluble solids and redness of the three Physalis species. Generally, macronutrients and micronutrients in combination can be recommended to increase the quality of Physalis fruit.","PeriodicalId":20155,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Soil and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46357038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vesna Stepić, G. Cvijanović, Nenad Đurić, Marija Bajagić, J. Marinković, Vojin Cvijanović
Maize production is intensified with a larger amount of mineral fertilisers in the era of meteorological conditions change, which leads to a decrease in the reserves of microelements in the soil. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of zinc application on grain yield, nitrogen and carbon content in grain of three maize genotypes in the period 2016–2018 (factor A). Factor B: cultivars ZP 427, ZP 548 and ZP 687 belonging to different maturation groups. Factor C: Various zinc treatments were applied: T1 – control; T2 – 25 kg Zn2+/ha (35 g of ZnSO4 on the experimental plot) was introduced into the soil before sowing; T3 – seed treatment (0.129 g of ZnSO4 • 7 H2O) +foliar treatment (2 L/ha liquid fertiliser 7% Zn2+). The average yield for all examined variables was 7.33 t/ha. On average, T2 (8.08 t/ha) treatment showed a highly significant effect on the yield in relation to T1 (7.03 t/ha) and on T3 (7.21 t/ha). On average, the amount of nitrogen determined for all cultivars was the highest in T3 (1.52%). The highest carbon content was in T1 (41.78%), which is at the level of significance of P < 0.01 more than T2 (41.46%), while in relation to T3 (40.99%) there is no significance.
{"title":"Influence of zinc treatments on grain yield and grain quality of different maize genotypes","authors":"Vesna Stepić, G. Cvijanović, Nenad Đurić, Marija Bajagić, J. Marinković, Vojin Cvijanović","doi":"10.17221/93/2022-pse","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17221/93/2022-pse","url":null,"abstract":"Maize production is intensified with a larger amount of mineral fertilisers in the era of meteorological conditions change, which leads to a decrease in the reserves of microelements in the soil. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of zinc application on grain yield, nitrogen and carbon content in grain of three maize genotypes in the period 2016–2018 (factor A). Factor B: cultivars ZP 427, ZP 548 and ZP 687 belonging to different maturation groups. Factor C: Various zinc treatments were applied: T1 – control; T2 – 25 kg Zn2+/ha (35 g of ZnSO4 on the experimental plot) was introduced into the soil before sowing; T3 – seed treatment (0.129 g of ZnSO4 • 7 H2O) +foliar treatment (2 L/ha liquid fertiliser 7% Zn2+). The average yield for all examined variables was 7.33 t/ha. On average, T2 (8.08 t/ha) treatment showed a highly significant effect on the yield in relation to T1 (7.03 t/ha) and on T3 (7.21 t/ha). On average, the amount of nitrogen determined for all cultivars was the highest in T3 (1.52%). The highest carbon content was in T1 (41.78%), which is at the level of significance of P < 0.01 more than T2 (41.46%), while in relation to T3 (40.99%) there is no significance.","PeriodicalId":20155,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Soil and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42027204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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