Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) using natural photosensitizers (curcumin, riboflavin, and phycocyanin) and light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation against multispecies biofilms in an acrylic denture base model.
Materials and methods: Forty-five acrylic specimens were fabricated using heat-curing acrylic resin. The specimens were then infected with a mixed culture of bacterial and fungal species (including Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata) for 4 days. The acrylic discs were divided into nine groups, with each group containing five discs: control, 0.2% chlorhexidine, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, curcumin, riboflavin, phycocyanin alone or along with LED. After treatment, the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) per milliliter was counted. In addition, the extent of biofilm degradation was assessed using the crystal violet staining method and scanning electron microscopy.
Results: All experimental groups exhibited a significant reduction in colony numbers for both bacterial and fungal species compared to the control (p < 0.001). The PDT groups exhibited a statistically significant reduction in colony counts for both bacteria and fungi compared to the photosensitizer-only groups.
Conclusions: The results of this in vitro study show that PDT with natural photosensitizers and LED devices can effectively reduce the viability and eradicate the biofilm of microorganisms responsible for causing denture infections.
研究目的本研究旨在探讨使用天然光敏剂(姜黄素、核黄素和藻蓝蛋白)和发光二极管(LED)照射抗菌光动力疗法(PDT)对丙烯酸义齿基托模型中多菌种生物膜的抗菌效果:使用热固化丙烯酸树脂制作了 45 个丙烯酸试样。然后用细菌和真菌混合培养物(包括变异链球菌、血链球菌、白色念珠菌和光滑念珠菌)感染这些试样 4 天。丙烯酸盘被分为九组,每组包含五个盘:对照组、0.2% 洗必泰组、5.25% 次氯酸钠组、姜黄素组、核黄素组、单独或与 LED 一起使用的植物花青素组。处理后,计算每毫升菌落形成单位(CFU)的数量。此外,还使用水晶紫染色法和扫描电子显微镜评估了生物膜的降解程度:结果:与对照组相比,所有实验组的细菌和真菌菌落数都明显减少(p < 0.001)。与仅使用光敏剂的实验组相比,PDT 实验组的细菌和真菌菌落数均有明显减少:这项体外研究的结果表明,使用天然光敏剂和 LED 设备的光动力疗法可以有效降低导致义齿感染的微生物的存活率并根除生物膜。
{"title":"Reduction of Multispecies Biofilms on an Acrylic Denture Base Model by Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Natural Photosensitizers.","authors":"Ali Shahi Ardakani, Stefano Benedicenti, Luca Solimei, Sima Shahabi, Shima Afrasiabi","doi":"10.3390/ph17091232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) using natural photosensitizers (curcumin, riboflavin, and phycocyanin) and light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation against multispecies biofilms in an acrylic denture base model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty-five acrylic specimens were fabricated using heat-curing acrylic resin. The specimens were then infected with a mixed culture of bacterial and fungal species (including <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, <i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i>, <i>Candida albicans</i>, and <i>Candida glabrata</i>) for 4 days. The acrylic discs were divided into nine groups, with each group containing five discs: control, 0.2% chlorhexidine, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, curcumin, riboflavin, phycocyanin alone or along with LED. After treatment, the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) per milliliter was counted. In addition, the extent of biofilm degradation was assessed using the crystal violet staining method and scanning electron microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All experimental groups exhibited a significant reduction in colony numbers for both bacterial and fungal species compared to the control (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The PDT groups exhibited a statistically significant reduction in colony counts for both bacteria and fungi compared to the photosensitizer-only groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of this in vitro study show that PDT with natural photosensitizers and LED devices can effectively reduce the viability and eradicate the biofilm of microorganisms responsible for causing denture infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435042/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liu Yang, Shiyi Song, Xinlu Li, Jinquan Wang, Yanan Bao, Xinxin Wang, Liwei Lian, Xiubo Liu, Wei Ma
Objectives: Plant polysaccharides have attracted increasing attention due to their high efficiency and low toxicity. Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CPP) is an essential substance extracted from Codonopsis pilosula, known for its excellent antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. However, it is still unclear how CPP improves nerve protection and what its underlying molecular mechanisms are. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of CPP on Aβ25-35-induced damage in PC12 cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms.
Methods: The neuroprotective effect of CPP was evaluated using Aβ25-35-induced damage in pheochFfromocytoma (PC12) cells as an in vitro cell model. The cells were treated with CPP alone or in combination with SB203580 (an inhibitor of p38MAPK) in Aβ25-35 culture. The cell viability was assessed using a 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using flow cytometry. The production levels of intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD), dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyFde (MDA) were determined using the colorimetric method. Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) staining, as well as 33258 were performed using fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, the effect of adding SB203580 was studied to determine the changes in cell apoptosis induced by CPP treatment and Aβ25-35 induction.
Results: The CPP markedly inhibited Aβ25-35-induced reduction in the viability and apoptosis of PC12 cells. CPP also reduced the Aβ25-35-induced increase in the expression of the apoptosis factors and the levels of free radicals (ROS and MDA) and reversed the Aβ25-35-induced suppression of antioxidant activity. Additionally, inhibition of p38MAPK via the addition of their antagonists reversed the observed anti-apoptosis effects of CPP.
Conclusions: CPP can efficiently provide neuroprotection against Aβ25-35-induced damage in PC12 cells brought about via oxidation and apoptosis reactions, and the underlying mechanisms involve the p38MAPK pathways. Therefore, CPP could potentially be useful as a neuroprotective agent in natural medicine, pharmacy, and the food industry.
{"title":"Neuroprotective Effect of <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> Polysaccharide on Aβ<sub>25-35</sub>-Induced Damage in PC12 Cells via the p38MAPK Signaling Pathways.","authors":"Liu Yang, Shiyi Song, Xinlu Li, Jinquan Wang, Yanan Bao, Xinxin Wang, Liwei Lian, Xiubo Liu, Wei Ma","doi":"10.3390/ph17091231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Plant polysaccharides have attracted increasing attention due to their high efficiency and low toxicity. <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> polysaccharide (CPP) is an essential substance extracted from <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i>, known for its excellent antioxidant and neuroprotective effects. However, it is still unclear how CPP improves nerve protection and what its underlying molecular mechanisms are. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of CPP on Aβ<sub>25-35</sub>-induced damage in PC12 cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The neuroprotective effect of CPP was evaluated using Aβ<sub>25-35</sub>-induced damage in pheochFfromocytoma (PC12) cells as an in vitro cell model. The cells were treated with CPP alone or in combination with SB203580 (an inhibitor of p38MAPK) in Aβ<sub>25-35</sub> culture. The cell viability was assessed using a 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using flow cytometry. The production levels of intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD), dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyFde (MDA) were determined using the colorimetric method. Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) staining, as well as 33258 were performed using fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, the effect of adding SB203580 was studied to determine the changes in cell apoptosis induced by CPP treatment and Aβ<sub>25-35</sub> induction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CPP markedly inhibited Aβ<sub>25-35</sub>-induced reduction in the viability and apoptosis of PC12 cells. CPP also reduced the Aβ<sub>25-35-</sub>induced increase in the expression of the apoptosis factors and the levels of free radicals (ROS and MDA) and reversed the Aβ<sub>25-35</sub>-induced suppression of antioxidant activity. Additionally, inhibition of p38MAPK via the addition of their antagonists reversed the observed anti-apoptosis effects of CPP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CPP can efficiently provide neuroprotection against Aβ<sub>25-35</sub>-induced damage in PC12 cells brought about via oxidation and apoptosis reactions, and the underlying mechanisms involve the p38MAPK pathways. Therefore, CPP could potentially be useful as a neuroprotective agent in natural medicine, pharmacy, and the food industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antibiotics are successful in promoting health quality by preventing various infectious diseases and minimizing mortality and morbidity all over the world. However, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria, which pose a serious threat to health care sector. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel antimicrobial agents with versatile characteristics, such as antibacterial activity, low toxicity, wound healing potency, and antioxidant property. In this context, silver chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized in the present study, and their physical characterization revealed that the size of synthesized chitosan-silver nanoparticles was 14-25 nm, with positive surface charge. The functional groups and crystalline nature of the nanoparticles were confirmed by FT-IR and XRD analysis. Further, the silver chitosan nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against two important clinical pathogens, S. aureus and E. coli. The MTT assay carried out in the present study showed that the synthesized nanoparticles are non-toxic to host cells. A scratch assay on fibroblast cells (L292) demonstrated that the silver chitosan nanoparticles showed promising wound healing activity. A fluorescent DCFH-DA staining assay revealed anantioxidant property of the synthesized nanoparticles. Overall, the study emphasizes the versatile nature of synthesized chitosan-silver nanoparticles, suggesting their great compatibility for biomedical applications.
抗生素通过预防各种传染病,最大限度地降低死亡率和发病率,在全世界成功地提高了健康质量。然而,抗生素的滥用导致了多重耐药菌的出现,对医疗保健行业构成了严重威胁。因此,有必要开发具有多种特性的新型抗菌剂,如抗菌活性、低毒性、伤口愈合能力和抗氧化性。在此背景下,本研究合成了壳聚糖银纳米粒子,其物理表征显示合成的壳聚糖银纳米粒子大小为 14-25 nm,表面带正电荷。傅立叶变换红外光谱和 X 射线衍射分析证实了纳米粒子的官能团和结晶性质。此外,壳聚糖银纳米粒子对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌这两种重要的临床病原体具有抗菌活性。本研究中进行的 MTT 试验表明,合成的纳米颗粒对宿主细胞无毒。对成纤维细胞(L292)进行的划痕试验表明,壳聚糖银纳米粒子具有良好的伤口愈合活性。荧光 DCFH-DA 染色试验表明,合成的纳米颗粒具有抗氧化性。总之,这项研究强调了合成壳聚糖银纳米粒子的多功能性,表明它们在生物医学应用方面具有很好的兼容性。
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Multifunctional Chitosan-Silver Nanoparticles: An In-Vitro Approach for Biomedical Applications.","authors":"Gulamnabi Vanti, Naresh Poondla, Prasath Manogaran, Nagappa Teradal, Veeresh S, Ram Kaulgud, Mahantesh Kurjogi","doi":"10.3390/ph17091229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotics are successful in promoting health quality by preventing various infectious diseases and minimizing mortality and morbidity all over the world. However, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria, which pose a serious threat to health care sector. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel antimicrobial agents with versatile characteristics, such as antibacterial activity, low toxicity, wound healing potency, and antioxidant property. In this context, silver chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized in the present study, and their physical characterization revealed that the size of synthesized chitosan-silver nanoparticles was 14-25 nm, with positive surface charge. The functional groups and crystalline nature of the nanoparticles were confirmed by FT-IR and XRD analysis. Further, the silver chitosan nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against two important clinical pathogens, <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i>. The MTT assay carried out in the present study showed that the synthesized nanoparticles are non-toxic to host cells. A scratch assay on fibroblast cells (L292) demonstrated that the silver chitosan nanoparticles showed promising wound healing activity. A fluorescent DCFH-DA staining assay revealed anantioxidant property of the synthesized nanoparticles. Overall, the study emphasizes the versatile nature of synthesized chitosan-silver nanoparticles, suggesting their great compatibility for biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11434662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stanislav Boychenko, Alina Abdullina, Viktor S Laktyushkin, Andrew Brovin, Alexander D Egorov
Background/objectives: Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are widely used as viral vectors for gene delivery in mammalian cells. We focused on the efficacy of the transduction of AAV2/5, 2/6, 2/8 and 2/9 expressing GFP in preadipocyte cells by live imaging microscopy using IncuCyte S3 and flow cytometry.
Methods: Three transduction modes in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells assessed: AAV transduction in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells, transduction with further differentiation into mature adipocyte-like cells and the transduction of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. For the in vivo study, we injected AAV2/6, AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 in adipose tissue of C57BL6 mice, and the transduction capacity of AAV2/6, along with AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 was evaluated.
Results: AAV2/6 demonstrated the highest transduction efficiency in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, as it was 1.5-2-fold more effective than AAV2/5, and AAV2/8 in the range of viral concentrations from 2 × 104 to 1.6 × 105 VG/cell. AAV2/5 and AAV2/8 showed transduction efficiencies similar to each other. The expression of GFP under the CMV promoter remained stable for up to 20 days. The induction of 3T3-L1 differentiation in three days after AAV transduction did not alter the GFP expression level, and AAV2/6 showed the best transduction efficiency. AAV2/6 demonstrated the ability to transduce mature adipocytes. These results were confirmed by in vivo studies on C57BL6 mice. AAV2/6 had the highest transducing activity on both inguinal and interscapular adipose tissue.
Conclusions: Thus, AAV2/6 has demonstrated higher transduction efficacy compared to AAV2/5, AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 both in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and adipose tissue in vivo, which proves its usability along with AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 for gene delivery to adipocytes.
{"title":"Assessment of Adipocyte Transduction Using Different AAV Capsid Variants.","authors":"Stanislav Boychenko, Alina Abdullina, Viktor S Laktyushkin, Andrew Brovin, Alexander D Egorov","doi":"10.3390/ph17091227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are widely used as viral vectors for gene delivery in mammalian cells. We focused on the efficacy of the transduction of AAV2/5, 2/6, 2/8 and 2/9 expressing GFP in preadipocyte cells by live imaging microscopy using IncuCyte S3 and flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three transduction modes in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells assessed: AAV transduction in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells, transduction with further differentiation into mature adipocyte-like cells and the transduction of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. For the in vivo study, we injected AAV2/6, AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 in adipose tissue of C57BL6 mice, and the transduction capacity of AAV2/6, along with AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AAV2/6 demonstrated the highest transduction efficiency in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, as it was 1.5-2-fold more effective than AAV2/5, and AAV2/8 in the range of viral concentrations from 2 × 10<sup>4</sup> to 1.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> VG/cell. AAV2/5 and AAV2/8 showed transduction efficiencies similar to each other. The expression of GFP under the CMV promoter remained stable for up to 20 days. The induction of 3T3-L1 differentiation in three days after AAV transduction did not alter the GFP expression level, and AAV2/6 showed the best transduction efficiency. AAV2/6 demonstrated the ability to transduce mature adipocytes. These results were confirmed by in vivo studies on C57BL6 mice. AAV2/6 had the highest transducing activity on both inguinal and interscapular adipose tissue.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thus, AAV2/6 has demonstrated higher transduction efficacy compared to AAV2/5, AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 both in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and adipose tissue in vivo, which proves its usability along with AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 for gene delivery to adipocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jade Apolline Robert, Arthur Leclerc, Mathilde Ducloie, Evelyne Emery, Denis Agostini, Jonathan Vigne
Gliomas, the most common type of primary malignant brain tumors in adults, pose significant challenges in diagnosis and management due to their heterogeneity and potential aggressiveness. This review evaluates the utility of O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([18F]FET) positron emission tomography (PET), a promising imaging modality, to enhance the clinical management of gliomas. We reviewed 82 studies involving 4657 patients, focusing on the application of [18F]FET in several key areas: diagnosis, grading, identification of IDH status and presence of oligodendroglial component, guided resection or biopsy, detection of residual tumor, guided radiotherapy, detection of malignant transformation in low-grade glioma, differentiation of recurrence versus treatment-related changes and prognostic factors, and treatment response evaluation. Our findings confirm that [18F]FET helps delineate tumor tissue, improves diagnostic accuracy, and aids in therapeutic decision-making by providing crucial insights into tumor metabolism. This review underscores the need for standardized parameters and further multicentric studies to solidify the role of [18F]FET PET in routine clinical practice. By offering a comprehensive overview of current research and practical implications, this paper highlights the added value of [18F]FET PET in improving management of glioma patients from diagnosis to follow-up.
胶质瘤是成人最常见的原发性恶性脑肿瘤,由于其异质性和潜在的侵袭性,给诊断和管理带来了巨大挑战。本综述评估了O-(2-[18F]氟乙基)-L-酪氨酸([18F]FET)正电子发射断层扫描(PET)这一前景广阔的成像模式在加强胶质瘤临床管理方面的效用。我们回顾了涉及 4657 名患者的 82 项研究,重点关注[18F]FET 在以下几个关键领域的应用:诊断、分级、鉴别 IDH 状态和少突胶质细胞成分的存在、指导切除或活检、检测残留肿瘤、指导放疗、检测低级别胶质瘤的恶性转化、区分复发与治疗相关的变化和预后因素,以及治疗反应评估。我们的研究结果证实,[18F]FET 有助于划分肿瘤组织,提高诊断准确性,并通过提供肿瘤代谢的重要信息来帮助做出治疗决策。本综述强调了标准化参数和进一步多中心研究的必要性,以巩固[18F]FET PET 在常规临床实践中的作用。通过全面概述当前的研究和实际意义,本文强调了[18F]FET PET 在改善胶质瘤患者从诊断到随访的管理方面的附加价值。
{"title":"Contribution of [<sup>18</sup>F]FET PET in the Management of Gliomas, from Diagnosis to Follow-Up: A Review.","authors":"Jade Apolline Robert, Arthur Leclerc, Mathilde Ducloie, Evelyne Emery, Denis Agostini, Jonathan Vigne","doi":"10.3390/ph17091228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gliomas, the most common type of primary malignant brain tumors in adults, pose significant challenges in diagnosis and management due to their heterogeneity and potential aggressiveness. This review evaluates the utility of O-(2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([<sup>18</sup>F]FET) positron emission tomography (PET), a promising imaging modality, to enhance the clinical management of gliomas. We reviewed 82 studies involving 4657 patients, focusing on the application of [<sup>18</sup>F]FET in several key areas: diagnosis, grading, identification of IDH status and presence of oligodendroglial component, guided resection or biopsy, detection of residual tumor, guided radiotherapy, detection of malignant transformation in low-grade glioma, differentiation of recurrence versus treatment-related changes and prognostic factors, and treatment response evaluation. Our findings confirm that [<sup>18</sup>F]FET helps delineate tumor tissue, improves diagnostic accuracy, and aids in therapeutic decision-making by providing crucial insights into tumor metabolism. This review underscores the need for standardized parameters and further multicentric studies to solidify the role of [<sup>18</sup>F]FET PET in routine clinical practice. By offering a comprehensive overview of current research and practical implications, this paper highlights the added value of [<sup>18</sup>F]FET PET in improving management of glioma patients from diagnosis to follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Male hypogonadism, which is characterized by low testosterone levels, has a significant impact on male sexual function, overall health, and fertility. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is the conventional treatment for this condition, but it has potential adverse effects and is not suitable for men seeking to conceive. Testosterone plays an essential role in male sexual function, metabolism, mood, and overall well-being. Clomiphene citrate, a drug originally developed for female infertility, has recently gained attention as an off-label treatment for male hypogonadism. By blocking the negative feedback of estrogen on the hypothalamus and pituitary glands, clomiphene stimulates gonadotropin secretion, leading to increased endogenous testosterone production, which, in turn, improves sperm parameters and fertility and alleviates the symptoms of hypogonadism. Regarding the safety profile of clomiphene compared with TRT, clomiphene appears to confer a lower risk than TRT, which is associated with adverse effects such as polycythemia. Furthermore, combination therapy with clomiphene and anastrozole or human chorionic gonadotropin has been investigated as a potential approach to enhancing the effectiveness of treatments for improving hypogonadism symptoms. In conclusion, clomiphene citrate may offer a promising alternative to TRT for men with hypogonadism, particularly those desiring fertility preservations. However, its long-term efficacy and safety remain inadequately understood. Future research should focus on exploring the benefits of combination therapies and personalized treatment strategies based on individual patient characteristics.
男性性腺功能减退症以睾酮水平低为特征,对男性的性功能、整体健康和生育能力有重大影响。睾酮替代疗法(TRT)是治疗这种疾病的传统方法,但它有潜在的不良影响,不适合想要怀孕的男性。睾酮对男性的性功能、新陈代谢、情绪和整体健康起着至关重要的作用。枸橼酸克罗米芬是一种最初针对女性不孕症开发的药物,最近作为一种治疗男性性腺功能减退症的非标签疗法而受到关注。通过阻断雌激素对下丘脑和垂体的负反馈,克罗米芬可刺激促性腺激素的分泌,从而增加内源性睾酮的产生,进而改善精子参数和生育能力,缓解性腺功能减退症的症状。就克罗米芬与促性腺激素治疗的安全性而言,克罗米芬似乎比促性腺激素治疗的风险更低,后者与多血症等不良反应有关。此外,克罗米芬与阿那曲唑或人绒毛膜促性腺激素的联合疗法已被作为一种潜在的方法进行研究,以提高改善性腺功能减退症症状的治疗效果。总之,对于患有性腺功能减退症的男性患者,尤其是希望保留生育能力的患者来说,枸橼酸氯米芬可能是一种很有前途的替代 TRT 的药物。然而,人们对其长期疗效和安全性的认识仍然不足。未来的研究应侧重于探索联合疗法的益处以及根据患者个体特征制定个性化治疗策略。
{"title":"Clomiphene Citrate Treatment as an Alternative Therapeutic Approach for Male Hypogonadism: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Yao-Cheng Wu, Wen-Wei Sung","doi":"10.3390/ph17091233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Male hypogonadism, which is characterized by low testosterone levels, has a significant impact on male sexual function, overall health, and fertility. Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is the conventional treatment for this condition, but it has potential adverse effects and is not suitable for men seeking to conceive. Testosterone plays an essential role in male sexual function, metabolism, mood, and overall well-being. Clomiphene citrate, a drug originally developed for female infertility, has recently gained attention as an off-label treatment for male hypogonadism. By blocking the negative feedback of estrogen on the hypothalamus and pituitary glands, clomiphene stimulates gonadotropin secretion, leading to increased endogenous testosterone production, which, in turn, improves sperm parameters and fertility and alleviates the symptoms of hypogonadism. Regarding the safety profile of clomiphene compared with TRT, clomiphene appears to confer a lower risk than TRT, which is associated with adverse effects such as polycythemia. Furthermore, combination therapy with clomiphene and anastrozole or human chorionic gonadotropin has been investigated as a potential approach to enhancing the effectiveness of treatments for improving hypogonadism symptoms. In conclusion, clomiphene citrate may offer a promising alternative to TRT for men with hypogonadism, particularly those desiring fertility preservations. However, its long-term efficacy and safety remain inadequately understood. Future research should focus on exploring the benefits of combination therapies and personalized treatment strategies based on individual patient characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yinli Shi, Jun Liu, Shuang Guan, Sicun Wang, Chengcheng Yu, Yanan Yu, Bing Li, Yingying Zhang, Weibin Yang, Zhong Wang
Drug prediction and treatment using bioinformatics and large-scale modeling have emerged as pivotal research areas. This study proposes a novel multi-level collaboration framework named Syn-COM for feature extraction and data integration of diseases and drugs. The framework aims to explore optimal drug combinations and interactions by integrating molecular virtuality, similarity clustering, overlap area, and network distance. It uniquely combines the characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine with clinical experience and innovatively assesses drug interaction and correlation through a synergy matrix. Gouty arthritis (GA) was used as a case study to validate the framework's reliability, leading to the identification of an effective drug combination for GA treatment, comprising Tamaricis Cacumen (Si = 0.73), Cuscutae Semen (Si = 0.68), Artemisiae Annuae Herba (Si = 0.62), Schizonepetae Herba (Si = 0.73), Gleditsiae Spina (Si = 0.89), Prunellae Spica (Si = 0.75), and Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (Si = 0.62). The efficacy of the identified drug combination was confirmed through animal experiments and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) component analysis. Results demonstrated significant reductions in the blood inflammatory factors IL1A, IL6, and uric acid, as well as downregulation of TGFB1, PTGS2, and MMP3 expression (p < 0.05), along with improvements in ankle joint swelling in GA mice. This drug combination notably enhances therapeutic outcomes in GA by targeting key genes, underscoring the potential of integrating traditional medicine with modern bioinformatics for effective disease treatment.
{"title":"Syn-COM: A Multi-Level Predictive Synergy Framework for Innovative Drug Combinations.","authors":"Yinli Shi, Jun Liu, Shuang Guan, Sicun Wang, Chengcheng Yu, Yanan Yu, Bing Li, Yingying Zhang, Weibin Yang, Zhong Wang","doi":"10.3390/ph17091230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug prediction and treatment using bioinformatics and large-scale modeling have emerged as pivotal research areas. This study proposes a novel multi-level collaboration framework named Syn-COM for feature extraction and data integration of diseases and drugs. The framework aims to explore optimal drug combinations and interactions by integrating molecular virtuality, similarity clustering, overlap area, and network distance. It uniquely combines the characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine with clinical experience and innovatively assesses drug interaction and correlation through a synergy matrix. Gouty arthritis (GA) was used as a case study to validate the framework's reliability, leading to the identification of an effective drug combination for GA treatment, comprising <i>Tamaricis Cacumen</i> (S<sub>i</sub> = 0.73), <i>Cuscutae Semen</i> (S<sub>i</sub> = 0.68), <i>Artemisiae Annuae Herba</i> (S<sub>i</sub> = 0.62), <i>Schizonepetae Herba</i> (S<sub>i</sub> = 0.73), <i>Gleditsiae Spina</i> (S<sub>i</sub> = 0.89), <i>Prunellae Spica</i> (S<sub>i</sub> = 0.75), and <i>Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix</i> (S<sub>i</sub> = 0.62). The efficacy of the identified drug combination was confirmed through animal experiments and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) component analysis. Results demonstrated significant reductions in the blood inflammatory factors IL1A, IL6, and uric acid, as well as downregulation of TGFB1, PTGS2, and MMP3 expression (<i>p</i> < 0.05), along with improvements in ankle joint swelling in GA mice. This drug combination notably enhances therapeutic outcomes in GA by targeting key genes, underscoring the potential of integrating traditional medicine with modern bioinformatics for effective disease treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11434649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daiva Galinytė, Jurga Bernatoniene, Modestas Žilius, Kristina Rysevaitė-Kyguolienė, Arūnas Savickas, Jūratė Karosienė, Vitalis Briedis, Dainius Haroldas Pauža, Nijolė Savickienė
Background: This study explored the most suitable materials for incorporating cyano-phycocyanin (C-PC) into hydrogels, focusing on maintaining the C-PC's long-term structural integrity and stabilityNext, the release of C-PC from the hydrogels and its skin penetration were investigated.
Methods: A series of 1% (w/w) C-PC hydrogels was prepared using various gelling agents and preservatives. Spectrophotometric measurements compared the amount of C-PC in the hydrogels to the initially added amount. After selecting the most suitable gelling agent and preservative, two C-PC hydrogels, with and without propylene glycol (PG) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), were produced for further testing. In vitro release studies utilized modified Franz-type diffusion cells, while ex vivo skin-permeation studies employed Bronaugh-type cells and human skin. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analyzed C-PC accumulation in the skin.
Results: The findings demonstrated that sodium alginate (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and SoligelTM (Givaudan, Vernier, Switzerland) are effective biopolymers for formulating hydrogels while maintaining C-PC stability. After 6 h, C-PC release from the hydrogel containing PG was approximately 10% or 728.07 (±19.35) μg/cm2, significantly higher than the nearly 7% or 531.44 (±26.81) μg/cm2 release from the hydrogel without PG (p < 0.05). The ex vivo qualitative skin-permeation study indicated that PG enhances C-PC penetration into the outermost skin layer.
Conclusion: PG's ability to enhance the release of C-PC from the hydrogel, coupled with its capacity to modify the skin barrier ex vivo, facilitates the penetration of C-PC into the stratum corneum.
{"title":"In Vitro Study of Cyano-Phycocyanin Release from Hydrogels and Ex Vivo Study of Skin Penetration.","authors":"Daiva Galinytė, Jurga Bernatoniene, Modestas Žilius, Kristina Rysevaitė-Kyguolienė, Arūnas Savickas, Jūratė Karosienė, Vitalis Briedis, Dainius Haroldas Pauža, Nijolė Savickienė","doi":"10.3390/ph17091224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091224","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study explored the most suitable materials for incorporating cyano-phycocyanin (C-PC) into hydrogels, focusing on maintaining the C-PC's long-term structural integrity and stabilityNext, the release of C-PC from the hydrogels and its skin penetration were investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A series of 1% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) C-PC hydrogels was prepared using various gelling agents and preservatives. Spectrophotometric measurements compared the amount of C-PC in the hydrogels to the initially added amount. After selecting the most suitable gelling agent and preservative, two C-PC hydrogels, with and without propylene glycol (PG) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), were produced for further testing. In vitro release studies utilized modified Franz-type diffusion cells, while ex vivo skin-permeation studies employed Bronaugh-type cells and human skin. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analyzed C-PC accumulation in the skin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings demonstrated that sodium alginate (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and Soligel<sup>TM</sup> (Givaudan, Vernier, Switzerland) are effective biopolymers for formulating hydrogels while maintaining C-PC stability. After 6 h, C-PC release from the hydrogel containing PG was approximately 10% or 728.07 (±19.35) μg/cm<sup>2</sup>, significantly higher than the nearly 7% or 531.44 (±26.81) μg/cm<sup>2</sup> release from the hydrogel without PG (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The ex vivo qualitative skin-permeation study indicated that PG enhances C-PC penetration into the outermost skin layer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PG's ability to enhance the release of C-PC from the hydrogel, coupled with its capacity to modify the skin barrier ex vivo, facilitates the penetration of C-PC into the stratum corneum.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11434783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucas Rannier M de Andrade, Larissa F Dos Santos, Débora S Pires, Érika P Machado, Marco Antonio U Martines, Maria Ligia R Macedo, Teófilo Fernando M Cardoso, Patrícia Severino, Eliana B Souto, Najla M Kassab
The assessment of ricinoleic acid (RA) incorporated into polymeric nanoparticles is a challenge that has not yet been explored. This bioactive compound, the main component of castor oil, has attracted attention in the pharmaceutical field for its valuable anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties. This work aims to develop a new and simple analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) for the identification and quantification of ricinoleic acid, with potential applicability in several other complex systems. The method was validated through analytical parameters, such as linearity, limit of detection and quantification, accuracy, precision, selectivity, and robustness. The physicochemical properties of the nanocapsules were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) to determine their hydrodynamic mean diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP), via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and quantifying the encapsulation efficiency. The proposed analytical method utilized a mobile phase consisting of a 65:35 ratio of acetonitrile to water, acidified with 1.5% phosphoric acid. It successfully depicted a symmetric peak of ricinoleic acid (retention time of 7.5 min) for both the standard and the RA present in the polymeric nanoparticles, enabling the quantification of the drug loaded into the nanocapsules. The nanocapsules containing ricinoleic acid (RA) exhibited an approximate size ranging from 309 nm to 441 nm, a PDI lower than 0.2, ζ values of approximately -30 mV, and high encapsulation efficiency (~99%). Overall, the developed HPLC-DAD procedure provides adequate confidence for the identification and quantification of ricinoleic acid in PLGA nanocapsules and other complex matrices.
{"title":"A Newly Validated HPLC-DAD Method for the Determination of Ricinoleic Acid (RA) in PLGA Nanocapsules.","authors":"Lucas Rannier M de Andrade, Larissa F Dos Santos, Débora S Pires, Érika P Machado, Marco Antonio U Martines, Maria Ligia R Macedo, Teófilo Fernando M Cardoso, Patrícia Severino, Eliana B Souto, Najla M Kassab","doi":"10.3390/ph17091220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091220","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The assessment of ricinoleic acid (RA) incorporated into polymeric nanoparticles is a challenge that has not yet been explored. This bioactive compound, the main component of castor oil, has attracted attention in the pharmaceutical field for its valuable anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antimicrobial properties. This work aims to develop a new and simple analytical method using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) for the identification and quantification of ricinoleic acid, with potential applicability in several other complex systems. The method was validated through analytical parameters, such as linearity, limit of detection and quantification, accuracy, precision, selectivity, and robustness. The physicochemical properties of the nanocapsules were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) to determine their hydrodynamic mean diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential (ZP), via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and quantifying the encapsulation efficiency. The proposed analytical method utilized a mobile phase consisting of a 65:35 ratio of acetonitrile to water, acidified with 1.5% phosphoric acid. It successfully depicted a symmetric peak of ricinoleic acid (retention time of 7.5 min) for both the standard and the RA present in the polymeric nanoparticles, enabling the quantification of the drug loaded into the nanocapsules. The nanocapsules containing ricinoleic acid (RA) exhibited an approximate size ranging from 309 nm to 441 nm, a PDI lower than 0.2, ζ values of approximately -30 mV, and high encapsulation efficiency (~99%). Overall, the developed HPLC-DAD procedure provides adequate confidence for the identification and quantification of ricinoleic acid in PLGA nanocapsules and other complex matrices.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, Abdulaziz Ali Almutiri, Abdullah Alenzi, Maheen Shaikh, Mujeeb Ahmed Shaik, Sultan Alshehri, Syed Imam Rabbani
Background: Neurodegenerative diseases primarily afflict the elderly and are characterized by a progressive loss of neurons. Oxidative stress is intricately linked to the advancement of these conditions. This study focuses on Phoenix dactylifera (P. dactylifera; Family: Arecaceae), commonly known as "Ajwa," a globally cultivated herbal plant renowned for its potent antioxidant properties and reported neuroprotective effects in pharmacological studies. Method: This comprehensive systematic review delves into the antioxidant properties of plant extracts and their phytochemical components, with a particular emphasis on P. dactylifera and its potential neuroprotective benefits. Preferred reporting items for systemic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) were employed to review the articles. Results: The study includes 269 articles published in the literature and 17 were selected after qualitative analysis. The growing body of research underscores the critical role of polyphenolic compounds found in P. dactylifera, which significantly contribute to its neuroprotective effects through antioxidant mechanisms. Despite emerging insights into the antioxidant actions of P. dactylifera, further investigation is essential to fully elucidate the specific pathways through which it confers neuroprotection. Conclusions: Like many other plant-based supplements, P. dactylifera's antioxidant effects are likely mediated by synergistic interactions among its diverse bioactive compounds, rather than by any single constituent alone. Therefore, additional preclinical and clinical studies are necessary to explore P. dactylifera's therapeutic potential comprehensively, especially in terms of its targeted antioxidant activities aimed at mitigating neurodegenerative processes. Such research holds promise for advancing our understanding and potentially harnessing the therapeutic benefits of P. dactylifera in neuroprotection.
背景:神经退行性疾病主要困扰老年人,其特征是神经元的逐渐丧失。氧化应激与这些疾病的发展有着错综复杂的联系。本研究的重点是凤凰木(Phoenix dactylifera;科:Arecaceae),俗称 "Ajwa",这是一种全球栽培的草本植物,因其强大的抗氧化特性而闻名,药理研究报告称其具有神经保护作用。研究方法这篇全面的系统综述深入探讨了植物提取物及其植物化学成分的抗氧化特性,特别强调了 P. dactylifera 及其潜在的神经保护作用。文章采用了系统综述和荟萃分析的首选报告项目(PRISMA)进行综述。结果:研究包括 269 篇发表在文献中的文章,经过定性分析筛选出 17 篇。越来越多的研究强调了在 P. dactylifera 中发现的多酚化合物的关键作用,这些化合物通过抗氧化机制大大促进了其神经保护作用。尽管人们对 P. dactylifera 的抗氧化作用有了新的认识,但要充分阐明其保护神经的具体途径,还需要进一步的研究。结论:与许多其他植物性补充剂一样,P. dactylifera 的抗氧化作用可能是由其多种生物活性化合物之间的协同作用而非任何单一成分单独起作用的。因此,有必要进行更多的临床前和临床研究,以全面探索 P. dactylifera 的治疗潜力,尤其是其旨在缓解神经退行性过程的靶向抗氧化活性。此类研究有望促进我们对 P. dactylifera 的了解,并有可能利用其在神经保护方面的治疗功效。
{"title":"Unveiling the Neuroprotective Potential of Date Palm (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i>): A Systematic Review.","authors":"Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq, Abdulaziz Ali Almutiri, Abdullah Alenzi, Maheen Shaikh, Mujeeb Ahmed Shaik, Sultan Alshehri, Syed Imam Rabbani","doi":"10.3390/ph17091221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091221","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Neurodegenerative diseases primarily afflict the elderly and are characterized by a progressive loss of neurons. Oxidative stress is intricately linked to the advancement of these conditions. This study focuses on <i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> (<i>P. dactylifera;</i> Family: <i>Arecaceae</i>), commonly known as \"Ajwa,\" a globally cultivated herbal plant renowned for its potent antioxidant properties and reported neuroprotective effects in pharmacological studies. <b>Method:</b> This comprehensive systematic review delves into the antioxidant properties of plant extracts and their phytochemical components, with a particular emphasis on <i>P. dactylifera</i> and its potential neuroprotective benefits. Preferred reporting items for systemic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) were employed to review the articles. <b>Results:</b> The study includes 269 articles published in the literature and 17 were selected after qualitative analysis. The growing body of research underscores the critical role of polyphenolic compounds found in <i>P. dactylifera</i>, which significantly contribute to its neuroprotective effects through antioxidant mechanisms. Despite emerging insights into the antioxidant actions of <i>P. dactylifera</i>, further investigation is essential to fully elucidate the specific pathways through which it confers neuroprotection. <b>Conclusions:</b> Like many other plant-based supplements, <i>P. dactylifera</i>'s antioxidant effects are likely mediated by synergistic interactions among its diverse bioactive compounds, rather than by any single constituent alone. Therefore, additional preclinical and clinical studies are necessary to explore <i>P. dactylifera</i>'s therapeutic potential comprehensively, especially in terms of its targeted antioxidant activities aimed at mitigating neurodegenerative processes. Such research holds promise for advancing our understanding and potentially harnessing the therapeutic benefits of <i>P. dactylifera</i> in neuroprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11434792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}