Pub Date : 2011-04-01DOI: 10.1595/147106711X555656
J. Arblaster
Wombourne, West Midlands, UK Email: jwarblaster@yahoo.co.uk This review looks at the discovery and the discoverers of the thirty-eight known ruthenium isotopes with mass numbers from 87 to 124 found between 1931 and 2010. This is the sixth and fi nal review on the circumstances surrounding the discoveries of the isotopes of the six platinum group elements. The fi rst review on platinum isotopes was published in this Journal in October 2000 (1), the second on iridium isotopes in October 2003 (2), the third on osmium isotopes in October 2004 (3), the fourth on palladium isotopes in April 2006 (4) and the fi fth on rhodium isotopes in April 2011 (5). An update on the new isotopes of palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum discovered since the previous reviews in this series is also included.
{"title":"The Discoverers of the Ruthenium Isotopes","authors":"J. Arblaster","doi":"10.1595/147106711X555656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106711X555656","url":null,"abstract":"Wombourne, West Midlands, UK Email: jwarblaster@yahoo.co.uk This review looks at the discovery and the discoverers of the thirty-eight known ruthenium isotopes with mass numbers from 87 to 124 found between 1931 and 2010. This is the sixth and fi nal review on the circumstances surrounding the discoveries of the isotopes of the six platinum group elements. The fi rst review on platinum isotopes was published in this Journal in October 2000 (1), the second on iridium isotopes in October 2003 (2), the third on osmium isotopes in October 2004 (3), the fourth on palladium isotopes in April 2006 (4) and the fi fth on rhodium isotopes in April 2011 (5). An update on the new isotopes of palladium, osmium, iridium and platinum discovered since the previous reviews in this series is also included.","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"55 1","pages":"124-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106711X555656","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67345404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-01DOI: 10.1595/147106711X554008
P. Battaini
Metallographic analysis can be used to determine the microstructure of platinum alloys in order to set up working cycles and to perform failure analyses. A range of platinum alloys used in jewellery and industrial applications was studied, including several commonly used jewellery alloys. Electrochemical etching was used to prepare samples for analysis using optical metallography and additional data could be obtained by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The crystallisation behaviour of as-cast alloy samples and the changes in microstructure after work hardening and annealing are described for the selected alloys.
{"title":"Microstructure Analysis of Selected Platinum Alloys","authors":"P. Battaini","doi":"10.1595/147106711X554008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106711X554008","url":null,"abstract":"Metallographic analysis can be used to determine the microstructure of platinum alloys in order to set up working cycles and to perform failure analyses. A range of platinum alloys used in jewellery and industrial applications was studied, including several commonly used jewellery alloys. Electrochemical etching was used to prepare samples for analysis using optical metallography and additional data could be obtained by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The crystallisation behaviour of as-cast alloy samples and the changes in microstructure after work hardening and annealing are described for the selected alloys.","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"55 1","pages":"74-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106711X554008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67345831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-01DOI: 10.1595/147106711X566816
A. Cowley, B. Woodward
Johnson Matthey Medical Products, 12205 World Trade Drive, San Diego, California 92128, USA; *E-mail: woodwbk@jmusa.com The world’s growing population demands increasing access to advanced healthcare treatments. Platinum is used to make essential components for a range of medical devices, including pacemakers, implantable defibrillators, catheters, stents and neuromodulation devices. The properties of platinum which make it suitable for medical device applications include its biocompatibility, inertness within the body, durability, electrical conductivity and radiopacity.Components can be manufactured in a variety of forms, from rod, wire and ribbon to sheet and foil, plus high-precision micromachined parts. As well as biomedical device components,platinum also finds use in anticancer drugs such as cisplatin and carboplatin.
Johnson Matthey Medical Products, 12205 World Trade Drive, San Diego, California 92128, USA;*电子邮件:woodwbk@jmusa.com世界上不断增长的人口需要更多地获得先进的医疗保健治疗。铂金用于制造一系列医疗设备的基本部件，包括起搏器、植入式除颤器、导管、支架和神经调节装置。铂的特性使其适用于医疗器械应用，包括其生物相容性、体内惰性、耐久性、导电性和不透光性。组件可以以各种形式制造，从棒，线和带到片和箔，以及高精度的微加工部件。除了生物医学设备部件外，铂还用于抗癌药物，如顺铂和卡铂。
{"title":"A Healthy Future: Platinum in Medical Applications","authors":"A. Cowley, B. Woodward","doi":"10.1595/147106711X566816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106711X566816","url":null,"abstract":"Johnson Matthey Medical Products, 12205 World Trade Drive, San Diego, California 92128, USA; *E-mail: woodwbk@jmusa.com The world’s growing population demands increasing access to advanced healthcare treatments. Platinum is used to make essential components for a range of medical devices, including pacemakers, implantable defibrillators, catheters, stents and neuromodulation devices. The properties of platinum which make it suitable for medical device applications include its biocompatibility, inertness within the body, durability, electrical conductivity and radiopacity.Components can be manufactured in a variety of forms, from rod, wire and ribbon to sheet and foil, plus high-precision micromachined parts. As well as biomedical device components,platinum also finds use in anticancer drugs such as cisplatin and carboplatin.","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"151 1","pages":"98-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106711X566816","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67345463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1595/147106711X540643
Jennifer Houghton, Blounts Court
Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, UK; E-mail: jennifer.houghton@matthey.com The 10th International Symposium on the Scientific Bases for the Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts (‘PREPA10’) was held in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium from 11th–15th July 2010 (1). It was attended by over 270 delegates from 34 countries, of whom more than 20% were from industry. A scientific committee consisting mainly of industrial representatives refereed all published submissions and selected the presentations, which gave the symposium a strong industrial focus.The symposium included the following session topics: scaling up, shaping and macrostructured catalysts; basic understanding and innovations in unit operations; nanostructured catalysts; hierarchical porous supports and hybrid catalysts; and in situ spectroscopic analysis during catalyst preparation. In addition, almost 200 posters were presented in two sessions.
{"title":"10th Scientific Bases for the Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts","authors":"Jennifer Houghton, Blounts Court","doi":"10.1595/147106711X540643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106711X540643","url":null,"abstract":"Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, UK; E-mail: jennifer.houghton@matthey.com The 10th International Symposium on the Scientific Bases for the Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts (‘PREPA10’) was held in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium from 11th–15th July 2010 (1). It was attended by over 270 delegates from 34 countries, of whom more than 20% were from industry. A scientific committee consisting mainly of industrial representatives refereed all published submissions and selected the presentations, which gave the symposium a strong industrial focus.The symposium included the following session topics: scaling up, shaping and macrostructured catalysts; basic understanding and innovations in unit operations; nanostructured catalysts; hierarchical porous supports and hybrid catalysts; and in situ spectroscopic analysis during catalyst preparation. In addition, almost 200 posters were presented in two sessions.","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"68 1","pages":"28-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106711X540643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67345759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1595/147106711X540346
G. S. Burkhanov, N. B. Gorina, N. Kolchugina, N. R. Roshan, Dmitry I. Slovetsky, E. M. Chistov
Palladium-based alloys with yttrium, copper, ruthenium or indium additions were investigated. Their specific hydrogen permeability, strength, linear thermal expansion in hydrogen and corrosion resistance in a number of gas media were determined. This allowed effective membrane elements to be developed using membranes made from these alloys, which are used for the separation of high purity hydrogen from hydrogencontaining gas mixtures. Membrane elements with 93.5 wt% palladium-6 wt% indium-0.5 wt% ruthenium alloy membranes were developed by the authors’ research group, and their technical characteristics are described.
{"title":"Palladium-Based Alloy Membranes for Separation of High Purity Hydrogen from Hydrogen-Containing Gas Mixtures","authors":"G. S. Burkhanov, N. B. Gorina, N. Kolchugina, N. R. Roshan, Dmitry I. Slovetsky, E. M. Chistov","doi":"10.1595/147106711X540346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106711X540346","url":null,"abstract":"Palladium-based alloys with yttrium, copper, ruthenium or indium additions were investigated. Their specific hydrogen permeability, strength, linear thermal expansion in hydrogen and corrosion resistance in a number of gas media were determined. This allowed effective membrane elements to be developed using membranes made from these alloys, which are used for the separation of high purity hydrogen from hydrogencontaining gas mixtures. Membrane elements with 93.5 wt% palladium-6 wt% indium-0.5 wt% ruthenium alloy membranes were developed by the authors’ research group, and their technical characteristics are described.","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"55 1","pages":"3-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106711X540346","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67345713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.1595/147106711X540373
U. E. Klotz, Tiziana Drago
The Research Institute for Precious Metals and Metals Chemistry (FEM), Katharinenstrasse 17, D-73525 Schwabisch Gmund, Germany; *E-mail: klotz@fem-online.de Platinum is a challenging material for casters because of its physical properties, which result in possible crucible and flask reactions during melting and casting, high shrinkage porosity and difficulties in filling of filigree items. This paper summarises the results of a collaborative research effort by several industrial partners and FEM on the influence of casting process parameters. Two common platinum jewellery alloys (platinum with 5 wt% cobalt and platinum with 5 wt% ruthenium) and four different investment materials were used for casting experiments with variation of atmosphere, casting and flask temperature, tree design and centrifugal machine parameters. Detailed sample investigation found shrinkage porosity and surface defects to be the main problems. Optimised process parameters for heavy and filigree items were identified. Future research on platinum casting should focus on casting simulation in order to reduce experimental effort and costs.
{"title":"The Role of Process Parameters in Platinum Casting","authors":"U. E. Klotz, Tiziana Drago","doi":"10.1595/147106711X540373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106711X540373","url":null,"abstract":"The Research Institute for Precious Metals and Metals Chemistry (FEM), Katharinenstrasse 17, D-73525 Schwabisch Gmund, Germany; *E-mail: klotz@fem-online.de Platinum is a challenging material for casters because of its physical properties, which result in possible crucible and flask reactions during melting and casting, high shrinkage porosity and difficulties in filling of filigree items. This paper summarises the results of a collaborative research effort by several industrial partners and FEM on the influence of casting process parameters. Two common platinum jewellery alloys (platinum with 5 wt% cobalt and platinum with 5 wt% ruthenium) and four different investment materials were used for casting experiments with variation of atmosphere, casting and flask temperature, tree design and centrifugal machine parameters. Detailed sample investigation found shrinkage porosity and surface defects to be the main problems. Optimised process parameters for heavy and filigree items were identified. Future research on platinum casting should focus on casting simulation in order to reduce experimental effort and costs.","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"55 1","pages":"20-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106711X540373","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67345719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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