Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.1595/147106712X654204
K. Kasem, D. Ager, F. Nerozzi, Weiping Liu, Xi-zhu Chen, Qingsong Ye, Shuqian Hou, L. Lou, Xie Chengying
Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China *Email: liguanglou1@126.com 3-Hydroxycarboplatin, a simple carboplatin derivative, was synthesised using a novel method, characterised and evaluated for its anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. It shows comparable antitumour activity to that of carboplatin but has much lower toxicity particularly with respect to myelosuppression, revealing great potential for development as a new antitumour platinum drug to replace carboplatin.
{"title":"3-Hydroxycarboplatin, a Simple Carboplatin Derivative Endowed with an Improved Toxicological Profile","authors":"K. Kasem, D. Ager, F. Nerozzi, Weiping Liu, Xi-zhu Chen, Qingsong Ye, Shuqian Hou, L. Lou, Xie Chengying","doi":"10.1595/147106712X654204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106712X654204","url":null,"abstract":"Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China *Email: liguanglou1@126.com 3-Hydroxycarboplatin, a simple carboplatin derivative, was synthesised using a novel method, characterised and evaluated for its anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. It shows comparable antitumour activity to that of carboplatin but has much lower toxicity particularly with respect to myelosuppression, revealing great potential for development as a new antitumour platinum drug to replace carboplatin.","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"56 1","pages":"248-256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106712X654204","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67345936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-01DOI: 10.1595/147106712X645673
N. Davidson
Following the successful 2005 conference in Beijing (Solvent Extraction for Sustainable Development (1)), the 18th International Solvent Extraction Conference (ISEC 2008), Solvent Extraction: Fundamentals to Industrial Applications, was held in Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A., between 15th and 19th September 2008 (2). The programme emphasised the development from fundamentals to industrial applications of solvent extraction. Session topics were: – Hydrometallurgy and Metals Extraction – Process Chemistry and Engineering – Nuclear Applications – Analytical and Preparative Chemistry – Biotechnology, Pharmaceuticals, Life-Science Products and Organic Products – Fundamentals – Novel Reagents, Materials and Techniques The conference followed a traditional format with five excellent plenary lectures from experts in the various fields, five parallel oral programmes, two poster sessions and two panel discussion sessions specifically considering ‘Uranium Processing’ and ‘New Reagents and Their Design’. Full conference proceedings have been published (3). The interesting and potentially exploitable aspects of the chemistry of the platinum group metals (pgms) in solvent extraction-based refining circuits continue to be of significant interest (4–10). Comments on selected oral and poster presentations most relevant to the furthering of fundamental chemistry, refining and processing of both the pgms and gold are given here under the titles of the sessions in which they appeared (with the relevant page numbers of the aforementioned proceedings given in brackets). Hydrometallurgy and Metals Extraction Several systems have been proposed for the replacement of cyanide as a lixiviant for gold and silver, and a thermodynamic model has been developed by G. T. Lapidus et al. (Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico) (pp. 299–304) for the precious metal complexes extracted from an ammonium copper thiosulfate solution. Similarly, the use of thiourea as an alternative to cyanide for the recovery of gold and silver has several advantages, including improved kinetics and lower toxicity of the reagents. Z. Gamino-Arroyo et al. (École Centrale Paris, France) (pp. 293–298) presented a mechanistic study of the extraction of precious metals from a di(2-ethylhexyl)dithiophosphoric acid solution system. A study of the influence of residual gold on the solvent extraction-based recovery of cyanide from more traditional industrial cyanidation liquors was presented by M. B. Mansur et al. (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil) (pp. 311–316). As part of the capacity expansion project within the Anglo Platinum Precious Metals Refinery in South Africa, S. F. Woollam (Anglo Research, South Africa) and R. A. Grant (Johnson Matthey Technology Centre (JMTC), U.K.) (pp. 281–286) observed a significant increase in the rate of acidcatalysed degradation of the hydroxyoxime LIX 84I in the palladium solvent extraction circuit when the reagent concentration was increased. However, a
继2005年北京会议(溶剂萃取促进可持续发展(1))取得成功之后，2008年第18届国际溶剂萃取会议(ISEC 2008)——溶剂萃取:从基础到工业应用，于2008年9月15日至19日在美国亚利桑那州图森市举行(2)。该会议强调了溶剂萃取从基础到工业应用的发展。会议主题为:-湿法冶金和金属萃取-过程化学和工程-核应用-分析和制备化学-生物技术、制药、生命科学产品和有机产品-基础知识-新试剂、材料和技术会议采用传统的形式，包括来自各个领域专家的五场精彩的全体讲座，五场平行的口头节目，两次海报会议和两次小组讨论会议，专门讨论“铀加工”和“新试剂及其设计”。完整的会议记录已经发表(3)。铂族金属(pgms)在溶剂萃取的精炼电路中的化学性质的有趣和潜在的开发方面继续引起人们的极大兴趣(4-10)。对与基础化学的进一步发展、铂基金属和黄金的提炼和加工最相关的精选口头报告和海报报告的评论，在其出现的会议标题下列出(上述会议的相关页码在括号内)。湿法冶金和金属萃取已经提出了几种系统来取代氰化物作为金和银的浸出剂，并且g.t. Lapidus等人(Universidad Autónoma metropolittana - iztapalapa, Mexico) (pp. 299-304)已经开发了一个热力学模型，用于从硫代硫酸铜铵溶液中提取贵金属配合物。同样，使用硫脲作为氰化物的替代品来回收金和银也有几个优点，包括改进动力学和降低试剂的毒性。Z. Gamino-Arroyo等人(École Centrale Paris, France)(第293-298页)提出了从二(2-乙基己基)二硫代磷酸溶液体系中提取贵金属的机理研究。M. B. Mansur等人(巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州联邦大学)研究了残金对从传统工业氰化液中提取氰化物的影响(第311-316页)。作为南非盎格鲁铂贵金属精炼厂产能扩张项目的一部分，s.f. woolam(南非盎格鲁研究所)和r.a. Grant(英国Johnson Matthey技术中心(JMTC))(第281-286页)观察到，当试剂浓度增加时，钯溶剂萃取回路中羟基肟LIX 84I的酸性催化降解率显著增加。然而，降低条带酸浓度可以充分缓解这一问题，同时使相分离和条带电路的整体效率保持在可接受的水平。一些试剂已被报道为
{"title":"International Solvent Extraction Conference - ISEC 2011","authors":"N. Davidson","doi":"10.1595/147106712X645673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106712X645673","url":null,"abstract":"Following the successful 2005 conference in Beijing (Solvent Extraction for Sustainable Development (1)), the 18th International Solvent Extraction Conference (ISEC 2008), Solvent Extraction: Fundamentals to Industrial Applications, was held in Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A., between 15th and 19th September 2008 (2). The programme emphasised the development from fundamentals to industrial applications of solvent extraction. Session topics were: – Hydrometallurgy and Metals Extraction – Process Chemistry and Engineering – Nuclear Applications – Analytical and Preparative Chemistry – Biotechnology, Pharmaceuticals, Life-Science Products and Organic Products – Fundamentals – Novel Reagents, Materials and Techniques The conference followed a traditional format with five excellent plenary lectures from experts in the various fields, five parallel oral programmes, two poster sessions and two panel discussion sessions specifically considering ‘Uranium Processing’ and ‘New Reagents and Their Design’. Full conference proceedings have been published (3). The interesting and potentially exploitable aspects of the chemistry of the platinum group metals (pgms) in solvent extraction-based refining circuits continue to be of significant interest (4–10). Comments on selected oral and poster presentations most relevant to the furthering of fundamental chemistry, refining and processing of both the pgms and gold are given here under the titles of the sessions in which they appeared (with the relevant page numbers of the aforementioned proceedings given in brackets). Hydrometallurgy and Metals Extraction Several systems have been proposed for the replacement of cyanide as a lixiviant for gold and silver, and a thermodynamic model has been developed by G. T. Lapidus et al. (Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico) (pp. 299–304) for the precious metal complexes extracted from an ammonium copper thiosulfate solution. Similarly, the use of thiourea as an alternative to cyanide for the recovery of gold and silver has several advantages, including improved kinetics and lower toxicity of the reagents. Z. Gamino-Arroyo et al. (École Centrale Paris, France) (pp. 293–298) presented a mechanistic study of the extraction of precious metals from a di(2-ethylhexyl)dithiophosphoric acid solution system. A study of the influence of residual gold on the solvent extraction-based recovery of cyanide from more traditional industrial cyanidation liquors was presented by M. B. Mansur et al. (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil) (pp. 311–316). As part of the capacity expansion project within the Anglo Platinum Precious Metals Refinery in South Africa, S. F. Woollam (Anglo Research, South Africa) and R. A. Grant (Johnson Matthey Technology Centre (JMTC), U.K.) (pp. 281–286) observed a significant increase in the rate of acidcatalysed degradation of the hydroxyoxime LIX 84I in the palladium solvent extraction circuit when the reagent concentration was increased. However, a ","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"56 1","pages":"177-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106712X645673","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67346281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-01DOI: 10.1595/147106712X650811
C. Barnard, A. Fones, Blounts Court
Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, UK Email: *barnacfj@matthey.com; **fonesar@matthey.com Ten application areas and ten properties of platinum (or its alloys) are selected here to represent a “platinum decathlon”. Platinum has a unique combination of properties which make it eminently suitable for many applications from jewellery to anticancer drugs, from high-temperature engineering to a range of catalytic applications. The 18th century French chemist Antoine Baume foresaw the desirability of platinum’s use in industry and its use today in many essential areas bears this out.
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Pub Date : 2012-08-01DOI: 10.1595/147106712X651180
E. Anderson
Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfi eld Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK Email: edward.anderson@chem.ox.ac.uk In the latest contribution to the “Springer Theses” series, which celebrate outstanding graduate research from the physical sciences, Shinsuke Inuki provides a detailed account of his PhD research, entitled “Total Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products by Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Cyclization of Allenes and Related Compounds”. Inuki carried out this work in the laboratory of Professor Hiroaki Ohno (Kyoto University, Japan), whose young research group has established a reputation in the fi eld of late transition metal-catalysed ‘cascade’ organic reactions (also known as ‘domino’ reactions) involving alkynes and allenes. The target audience for the book includes practicing organic chemists with interests in synthesis, and those with specifi c interests in palladium-catalysed organic reactions, and as such is suited to graduate level and above. As the title suggests, the book delves extensively into mechanistic aspects of palladium-catalysed allene chemistry, with a focus on two reaction types: intramolecular reactions of allenylpalladium(II) complexes with pendant nucleophiles, and intramolecular reactions of allenes activated by pendant palladium(II) species (Scheme I). The key feature of these processes is the ability of the palladium(II) catalyst to enhance the electrophilicity of the allene through coordination to the metal atom in its +2 oxidation state, thus triggering nucleophilic attack. Having established an understanding of each metal-catalysed bicyclisation, Inuki goes on to apply this chemistry to the synthesis of a number of bioactive alkaloid natural products. The overall aims of the work are fi rstly to extend the state of the art in palladium-activated allene chemistry through a “Total Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products by Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Cyclization of Allenes and Related Compounds”
{"title":"\"Total Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products by Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Cyclization of Allenes and Related Compounds\"","authors":"E. Anderson","doi":"10.1595/147106712X651180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106712X651180","url":null,"abstract":"Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfi eld Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK Email: edward.anderson@chem.ox.ac.uk In the latest contribution to the “Springer Theses” series, which celebrate outstanding graduate research from the physical sciences, Shinsuke Inuki provides a detailed account of his PhD research, entitled “Total Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products by Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Cyclization of Allenes and Related Compounds”. Inuki carried out this work in the laboratory of Professor Hiroaki Ohno (Kyoto University, Japan), whose young research group has established a reputation in the fi eld of late transition metal-catalysed ‘cascade’ organic reactions (also known as ‘domino’ reactions) involving alkynes and allenes. The target audience for the book includes practicing organic chemists with interests in synthesis, and those with specifi c interests in palladium-catalysed organic reactions, and as such is suited to graduate level and above. As the title suggests, the book delves extensively into mechanistic aspects of palladium-catalysed allene chemistry, with a focus on two reaction types: intramolecular reactions of allenylpalladium(II) complexes with pendant nucleophiles, and intramolecular reactions of allenes activated by pendant palladium(II) species (Scheme I). The key feature of these processes is the ability of the palladium(II) catalyst to enhance the electrophilicity of the allene through coordination to the metal atom in its +2 oxidation state, thus triggering nucleophilic attack. Having established an understanding of each metal-catalysed bicyclisation, Inuki goes on to apply this chemistry to the synthesis of a number of bioactive alkaloid natural products. The overall aims of the work are fi rstly to extend the state of the art in palladium-activated allene chemistry through a “Total Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products by Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Cyclization of Allenes and Related Compounds”","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"58 1","pages":"194-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106712X651180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67346327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-01DOI: 10.1595/147106712X651748
B. Woodward
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Pub Date : 2012-08-01DOI: 10.1595/147106712X652143
A. York, Glenn Jones, Blounts Court
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Pub Date : 2012-07-01DOI: 10.1595/147106712X645466
Danan Dou
In this paper, applications of the platinum group metal (pgm)-based diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and diesel particulate fi lter (DPF) technologies for John Deere Interim Tier 4 non-road machines are presented. The same criteria apply to EU Stage III B regulations. The design and performance of engine aftertreatment systems are discussed in detail, and a few key performance characteristics of DOC-DPF systems are addressed. Signifi cant passive soot oxidation was observed. Model based controls were found to properly account for passive regenerations of the DPF and could be used to schedule active regenerations automatically. Active regenerations were transparent to operators. Tight DPF inlet temperature control and engine exhaust temperature management were found to be key for successful active DPF regenerations. The average fuel consumption for active regenerations was estimated by a simple energy balance model. The emission performance of a DOC-DPF system under normal and active regenerations is summarised, and ash accumulation and DPF pressure drop impact are analysed.
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