Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1595/147106713X667740
J. Jensen, L. Cleemann, Qingfeng Li
{"title":"The 3rd CARISMA international conference on medium and high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Three approaches to better platinum catalysts at biannual conference","authors":"J. Jensen, L. Cleemann, Qingfeng Li","doi":"10.1595/147106713X667740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106713X667740","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"36 1","pages":"173-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106713X667740","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67346700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1595/147106713X667470
P. Scott, D. Knight
Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main College, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK Email: knightdw@cardiff.ac.uk The purpose of this relatively small volume is to provide methods for carrying out representative examples of palladium-catalysed couplings on a solid support, essentially in the style of Organic Syntheses (1). There are contributions from both academic and industrial groups. This is a somewhat specialised area of synthesis, requiring techniques additional to those employed in ‘normal’ organic synthesis. Solid-phase synthesis has a number of pros and cons. The idea of immobilising part of, say, a drug candidate to a solid support on quite a large scale and then coupling a series of ‘second’ parts of the drug target to samples of the initial species can be a very convenient and attractive approach to library synthesis and one which is potentially very effi cient and rapid. Alternatively, a diverse series of precursors can be built up on a solid support then cyclised using palladium catalysis. On the downside, it is often rather time-consuming to follow the progress of such syntheses and to manage the inevitable differences in reaction rates between a diverse range of reactants. Hence, the purpose of this book is to provide experimental guidance across a range of palladiumcatalysed coupling reactions of the types which have made such an important impact on organic synthesis in general. These reactions represent a true paradigm shift in the way that organic synthesis is currently viewed and executed.
{"title":"\"Solid-Phase Organic Syntheses: Solid-Phase Palladium Chemistry\"","authors":"P. Scott, D. Knight","doi":"10.1595/147106713X667470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106713X667470","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main College, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK Email: knightdw@cardiff.ac.uk The purpose of this relatively small volume is to provide methods for carrying out representative examples of palladium-catalysed couplings on a solid support, essentially in the style of Organic Syntheses (1). There are contributions from both academic and industrial groups. This is a somewhat specialised area of synthesis, requiring techniques additional to those employed in ‘normal’ organic synthesis. Solid-phase synthesis has a number of pros and cons. The idea of immobilising part of, say, a drug candidate to a solid support on quite a large scale and then coupling a series of ‘second’ parts of the drug target to samples of the initial species can be a very convenient and attractive approach to library synthesis and one which is potentially very effi cient and rapid. Alternatively, a diverse series of precursors can be built up on a solid support then cyclised using palladium catalysis. On the downside, it is often rather time-consuming to follow the progress of such syntheses and to manage the inevitable differences in reaction rates between a diverse range of reactants. Hence, the purpose of this book is to provide experimental guidance across a range of palladiumcatalysed coupling reactions of the types which have made such an important impact on organic synthesis in general. These reactions represent a true paradigm shift in the way that organic synthesis is currently viewed and executed.","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"38 1","pages":"169-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106713X667470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67346639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1595/147106713X668541
J. Arblaster
Wombourne, West Midlands, UK Email: jwarblaster@yahoo.co.uk The crystallographic properties of osmium at temperatures from absolute zero to the experimental limit at 1300 K are assessed following a review of the literature published between 1935 and to date. Selected values of the thermal expansion coeffi cients and measurements of length changes due to thermal expansion have been used to calculate the variation with temperature of the lattice parameters, interatomic distances, atomic and molar volumes and densities. The data is presented in the form of Equations and Tables. The density of osmium at 293.15 K is 22,589 kg m.
在回顾了1935年至今发表的文献后，评估了锇在从绝对零度到实验极限1300 K的温度下的晶体学性质。用热膨胀系数的选定值和热膨胀引起的长度变化的测量值来计算晶格参数、原子间距离、原子和摩尔体积和密度随温度的变化。数据以方程式和表格的形式呈现。293.15 K时锇的密度为22,589 kg m。
{"title":"Crystallographic Properties of Osmium","authors":"J. Arblaster","doi":"10.1595/147106713X668541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106713X668541","url":null,"abstract":"Wombourne, West Midlands, UK Email: jwarblaster@yahoo.co.uk The crystallographic properties of osmium at temperatures from absolute zero to the experimental limit at 1300 K are assessed following a review of the literature published between 1935 and to date. Selected values of the thermal expansion coeffi cients and measurements of length changes due to thermal expansion have been used to calculate the variation with temperature of the lattice parameters, interatomic distances, atomic and molar volumes and densities. The data is presented in the form of Equations and Tables. The density of osmium at 293.15 K is 22,589 kg m.","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"57 1","pages":"177-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106713X668541","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67346738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1595/147106713X668596
Grigory Rakhtsaum
Introduction More than half of the platinum that is produced around the world each year currently fi nds use in automotive and other areas of industry as a catalyst and as a major constituent in various engineering alloys (Figure 1) (1). Platinum also has a place in jewellery manufacturing. The objective of this article is to review the existing phase diagrams and known properties of some platinum alloys that are used in industrial and jewellery applications, and also to present published data on some less used platinum alloys which nevertheless have interesting properties. The alloys covered are of platinum with palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, gold and nickel. The data on mechanical properties of the platinum alloys presented in Tables I–VII are obtained from the monograph by R. F. Vines (2) published in 1941, still the most comprehensive source, from The PGM Database (3) hosted by Johnson Matthey, and from the internal database and website of Sigmund Cohn Corporation (4), a US pgm alloy fabricator. To keep the uniformity of units of measure all tensile strength (TS) data is presented in psi, and all the hardness data is presented in Vickers hardness (HV) (some of these values are converted from MPa and Brinell respectively). All alloy compositions are given in weight per cent (wt%) unless otherwise specified.
目前，全球每年生产的铂金中，有一半以上用于汽车和其他工业领域，作为催化剂和各种工程合金的主要成分(图1)。铂金在珠宝制造业中也占有一席之地。本文的目的是回顾一些用于工业和珠宝应用的铂合金的现有相图和已知性能，并介绍一些较少使用但具有有趣性能的铂合金的已发表数据。所涵盖的合金是铂与钯、铱、铑、钌、金和镍。表1 - 7中的铂合金力学性能数据来自R. F. Vines(2)于1941年出版的专著，这是目前最全面的资料来源，数据来自Johnson Matthey托管的PGM数据库(3)，以及美国PGM合金制造商Sigmund Cohn Corporation(4)的内部数据库和网站。为保持测量单位的均匀性，所有抗拉强度(TS)数据均以psi表示，所有硬度数据均以维氏硬度(HV)表示(其中部分数值分别由MPa和布氏硬度转换而来)。除非另有说明，所有合金成分均以重量百分比(wt%)表示。
{"title":"Platinum Alloys: A Selective Review of the Available Literature","authors":"Grigory Rakhtsaum","doi":"10.1595/147106713X668596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106713X668596","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction More than half of the platinum that is produced around the world each year currently fi nds use in automotive and other areas of industry as a catalyst and as a major constituent in various engineering alloys (Figure 1) (1). Platinum also has a place in jewellery manufacturing. The objective of this article is to review the existing phase diagrams and known properties of some platinum alloys that are used in industrial and jewellery applications, and also to present published data on some less used platinum alloys which nevertheless have interesting properties. The alloys covered are of platinum with palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, gold and nickel. The data on mechanical properties of the platinum alloys presented in Tables I–VII are obtained from the monograph by R. F. Vines (2) published in 1941, still the most comprehensive source, from The PGM Database (3) hosted by Johnson Matthey, and from the internal database and website of Sigmund Cohn Corporation (4), a US pgm alloy fabricator. To keep the uniformity of units of measure all tensile strength (TS) data is presented in psi, and all the hardness data is presented in Vickers hardness (HV) (some of these values are converted from MPa and Brinell respectively). All alloy compositions are given in weight per cent (wt%) unless otherwise specified.","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"4 1","pages":"202-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106713X668596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67346746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1595/147106713X667605
B. Farrell, Igor Sevonkaev, D. Goia
Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, USA *Email: goiadanv@clarkson.edu Uniform dispersed spherical platinum particles were precipitated by reducing Pt(IV) hexaammine ([Pt(NH3)6] ) complex ions with L-ascorbic acid in the presence of polymeric dispersants. By varying the nature and the amount of dispersing agent the average diameter of the Pt spheres could be adjusted between 200 nm and 800 nm. Electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) evaluations revealed that the fi nal Pt particles were the result of an irreversible aggregation of small (~6 nm) nanoparticles. The size of the constituent crystallites was controllably increased through a subsequent heat treatment process without affecting the shape or the dispersion of the Pt spheres. The method described represents a versatile and cost-effective route for producing Pt powders at the sub-micrometre or micrometre scale with controlled crystallinity for thick fi lm electronic applications.
{"title":"Preparation of Dispersed Spherical Platinum Particles with Controlled Size and Internal Structure","authors":"B. Farrell, Igor Sevonkaev, D. Goia","doi":"10.1595/147106713X667605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106713X667605","url":null,"abstract":"Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, USA *Email: goiadanv@clarkson.edu Uniform dispersed spherical platinum particles were precipitated by reducing Pt(IV) hexaammine ([Pt(NH3)6] ) complex ions with L-ascorbic acid in the presence of polymeric dispersants. By varying the nature and the amount of dispersing agent the average diameter of the Pt spheres could be adjusted between 200 nm and 800 nm. Electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) evaluations revealed that the fi nal Pt particles were the result of an irreversible aggregation of small (~6 nm) nanoparticles. The size of the constituent crystallites was controllably increased through a subsequent heat treatment process without affecting the shape or the dispersion of the Pt spheres. The method described represents a versatile and cost-effective route for producing Pt powders at the sub-micrometre or micrometre scale with controlled crystallinity for thick fi lm electronic applications.","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"57 1","pages":"160-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106713X667605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67346677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.1595/147106713X669045
M. Twigg
{"title":"CAPoC 9: 9th International Congress on Catalysis and Automotive Pollution Control","authors":"M. Twigg","doi":"10.1595/147106713X669045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106713X669045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"57 1","pages":"192-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106713X669045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67346790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-04-01DOI: 10.1595/147106713X663924
J. Cooper, P. R. Phillips
{"title":"FINAL ANALYSIS: NOx Emissions Control for Euro 6","authors":"J. Cooper, P. R. Phillips","doi":"10.1595/147106713X663924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1595/147106713X663924","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20208,"journal":{"name":"Platinum Metals Review","volume":"57 1","pages":"157-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1595/147106713X663924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67346508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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