Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32935/2221-7312-2022-52-2-3-7
E. Sobralieva
Obtaining healthy planting material valuable in terms of economic characteristics of agricultural crops is an advanced task for import substitution and development of own production of high-quality products. The technology of cells and tissues in vitro by the method of clonal micropropagation makes it possible to improve the health of plant material and replicate it in large volumes without changing the genotype of the culture. At the same time, an important component is the regenerative activity of plants, the individual factor is different depending on the breed and variety. The research was conducted in the laboratory "Biotechnology of Agricultural Plants" of the Chechen State University named after A.A. Kadyrov in 2021-2022. The main purpose of the research was to study the regenerative activity of micro-runs of grape varieties obtained in vitro conditions by the apical meristem method. The dynamics of the formation and development of the root system of table grape varieties, the reproduction rate and other parameters at each stage of the technology of microclonal reproduction in vitro conditions are studied. The results of plant development in vitro conditions indicate a high percentage of plant rooting. When studying and evaluating the regenerative activity of Vitis Vinifera, it was found that all the studied varieties are sufficiently rooted after 50-55 days in sterile conditions. By this time, it is possible to transfer microplants to adapt to in vivo conditions, with an average survival rate of 95%. The results obtained in the studies can be used to work with cell and tissue culture in the biotechnology of fruit crops and grapes, as well as in fruit growing and nursery to obtain healthy and homogeneous planting material.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE REGENERATIVE ACTIVITY OF VITIS VINIFERA UNDER IN VITRO CONDITIONS","authors":"E. Sobralieva","doi":"10.32935/2221-7312-2022-52-2-3-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32935/2221-7312-2022-52-2-3-7","url":null,"abstract":"Obtaining healthy planting material valuable in terms of economic characteristics of agricultural crops is an advanced task for import substitution and development of own production of high-quality products. The technology of cells and tissues in vitro by the method of clonal micropropagation makes it possible to improve the health of plant material and replicate it in large volumes without changing the genotype of the culture. At the same time, an important component is the regenerative activity of plants, the individual factor is different depending on the breed and variety. The research was conducted in the laboratory \"Biotechnology of Agricultural Plants\" of the Chechen State University named after A.A. Kadyrov in 2021-2022. The main purpose of the research was to study the regenerative activity of micro-runs of grape varieties obtained in vitro conditions by the apical meristem method. The dynamics of the formation and development of the root system of table grape varieties, the reproduction rate and other parameters at each stage of the technology of microclonal reproduction in vitro conditions are studied. The results of plant development in vitro conditions indicate a high percentage of plant rooting. When studying and evaluating the regenerative activity of Vitis Vinifera, it was found that all the studied varieties are sufficiently rooted after 50-55 days in sterile conditions. By this time, it is possible to transfer microplants to adapt to in vivo conditions, with an average survival rate of 95%. The results obtained in the studies can be used to work with cell and tissue culture in the biotechnology of fruit crops and grapes, as well as in fruit growing and nursery to obtain healthy and homogeneous planting material.","PeriodicalId":202251,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL & APPLIED PROBLEMS OF AGRO-INDUSTRY","volume":"414 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123048180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32935/2221-7312-2023-55-1-3-7
A. S. Sokolov, Sh. B. Baĭrambekov, V. A. Batyrov
In the Astrakhan region, for long-term saline fallow reclaimed lands in the rice engineering system, flushing is required when they are involved in an active agricultural turnover. In modern conditions, keeping the land simply under "water vapor" is ineffective, therefore, before growing crops, rice checks are used as fish ponds. The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of the duration of the fish pond on the hydrophysical, agrochemical indicators of the soil, weediness and yielding capacity of crops in the rotation system during reclamation of the fallow. A one-year and two-year stay of a check under a fish pond contributed to an increase in the content of humus by 0,08-0,11%, organic matter by 0,44-0,53%, easily hydrolysable nitrogen by 6,1-9,2 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus by 9,3-16,4 mg/kg, mobile potassium by 5,4-8,2 mg/kg, moisture reserves in the soil by 1,9-2,5 times and reduced the weediness of barley crops with alfalfa overseeding by 6,5-10,9 times. Grain yield of spring barley variety AS Lacomb was 3,8-4,2 t/ha, green mass of alfalfa Nadezhda – 9,0-11,0 t/ha. A two-year-old pond as a predecessor for growing watermelon in the crop rotation created more favorable conditions for obtaining high-quality cucurbitaceous products, the average yield and marketability for varieties was higher in the mid-season group - by 3,3 t/ha and 0,7% and in the middle-late group – by 1,3 t/ha and 0,3% compared to a one- year pond as a predecessor. The content of dry matter and the amount of sugars exceeded the standards for all studied varieties of watermelon in two groups of ripeness. The largest amount of dry matter and the amount of sugars were found after a two-year pond for the watermelon variety Belye rosy and they were 12,15% and 10,08% respectively.
{"title":"GROWING OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS AFTER THE FISH POND WITHIN RECLAMATION OF THE FALLOW","authors":"A. S. Sokolov, Sh. B. Baĭrambekov, V. A. Batyrov","doi":"10.32935/2221-7312-2023-55-1-3-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32935/2221-7312-2023-55-1-3-7","url":null,"abstract":"In the Astrakhan region, for long-term saline fallow reclaimed lands in the rice engineering system, flushing is required when they are involved in an active agricultural turnover. In modern conditions, keeping the land simply under \"water vapor\" is ineffective, therefore, before growing crops, rice checks are used as fish ponds. The purpose of the study was to establish the effect of the duration of the fish pond on the hydrophysical, agrochemical indicators of the soil, weediness and yielding capacity of crops in the rotation system during reclamation of the fallow. A one-year and two-year stay of a check under a fish pond contributed to an increase in the content of humus by 0,08-0,11%, organic matter by 0,44-0,53%, easily hydrolysable nitrogen by 6,1-9,2 mg/kg, mobile phosphorus by 9,3-16,4 mg/kg, mobile potassium by 5,4-8,2 mg/kg, moisture reserves in the soil by 1,9-2,5 times and reduced the weediness of barley crops with alfalfa overseeding by 6,5-10,9 times. Grain yield of spring barley variety AS Lacomb was 3,8-4,2 t/ha, green mass of alfalfa Nadezhda – 9,0-11,0 t/ha. A two-year-old pond as a predecessor for growing watermelon in the crop rotation created more favorable conditions for obtaining high-quality cucurbitaceous products, the average yield and marketability for varieties was higher in the mid-season group - by 3,3 t/ha and 0,7% and in the middle-late group – by 1,3 t/ha and 0,3% compared to a one- year pond as a predecessor. The content of dry matter and the amount of sugars exceeded the standards for all studied varieties of watermelon in two groups of ripeness. The largest amount of dry matter and the amount of sugars were found after a two-year pond for the watermelon variety Belye rosy and they were 12,15% and 10,08% respectively.","PeriodicalId":202251,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL & APPLIED PROBLEMS OF AGRO-INDUSTRY","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122971375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32935/2221-7312-2022-52-2-46-50
E. A. Vitomskova, E. Skorobrekhova
Gadfly invasion remains one of the main diseases of reindeer in the Magadan region and Chukotka. Prevention of damage caused by gadfly invasion, increasing the productivity and profitability of northern domestic reindeer husbandry determined the relevance of this work. The research was carried out during expeditions in the field conditions of the Markovsky reindeer farms (Markovsky district of Chukotka), the Yubileiny experiment production household (Khasyn district of the Magadan region), and the laboratories of the Magadan Research Institute of Agriculture (Magadan).The purpose of the work was to conduct a retrospective analysis of the state of knowledge of edemagenosis and cefenomyosis of reindeer in the Far North-East of Russia, which will form the basis of modern methods of combating these diseases. In the conditions of Chukotka and the Magadan region, the species composition of gadflies was determined: nasopharyngeal - Cephenomyia trompe and subcutaneous - Oedemagena tarandi. The seasonal dynamics, the number of subcutaneous and nasopharyngeal gadflies, the daily rhythm of their activity were studied to justify the timing and frequency of treatments. The mass flight of subcutaneous gadflies in the Magadan region is 47 days, in Chukotka - 26 days. The maximum number of subcutaneous and nasopharyngeal gadflies attacking reindeer is 34 in 30 minutes. The first appearance of gadflies in the forest tundra was noted 28-30 days earlier than in the tundra. The number of days of mass flight of gadflies in the forest-tundra is greater than in the tundra, which leads to a more intense invasion by larvae of the subcutaneous gadfly of deer grazing in the forest-tundra zone. In Chukotka, the infestation of females by larvae of the subcutaneous gadfly was 85.0%, calves - 91.0%, with the intensity of invasion - 102 and 97 larvae per animal, respectively; in the Magadan region, the females and calves are affected by 100.0%, with the intensity of invasion - 370 and 140 larvae per animal, respectively. Invasion of females by larvae of the nasopharyngeal gadfly in Chukotka was 75.0%, calves - 80.0%, with the intensity of invasion - 38 and 45 larvae per animal, respectively; in the Magadan region - the incidence of females - 86.0%, calves - 92.0%, with the intensity of invasion - 44 and 52 larvae per animal, respectively. Larvae of the nasopharyngeal gadfly were localized in the labyrinth of the ethmoid bone - 50%, in the choanae - up to 15% and on the nasal septum up to 35%. The degree of invasion of deer with edemagenosis and cefenomyosis depends on the place of grazing. In the forest-tundra zone, deer are 12-15% more infested than in the tundra zone.
{"title":"THE STATE OF STUDY OF EDEMAGENOSIS AND CEPHENOMYIOSIS OF DOMESTIC REINDEER IN THE FAR NORTH-EAST OF RUSSIA","authors":"E. A. Vitomskova, E. Skorobrekhova","doi":"10.32935/2221-7312-2022-52-2-46-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32935/2221-7312-2022-52-2-46-50","url":null,"abstract":"Gadfly invasion remains one of the main diseases of reindeer in the Magadan region and Chukotka. Prevention of damage caused by gadfly invasion, increasing the productivity and profitability of northern domestic reindeer husbandry determined the relevance of this work. The research was carried out during expeditions in the field conditions of the Markovsky reindeer farms (Markovsky district of Chukotka), the Yubileiny experiment production household (Khasyn district of the Magadan region), and the laboratories of the Magadan Research Institute of Agriculture (Magadan).The purpose of the work was to conduct a retrospective analysis of the state of knowledge of edemagenosis and cefenomyosis of reindeer in the Far North-East of Russia, which will form the basis of modern methods of combating these diseases. In the conditions of Chukotka and the Magadan region, the species composition of gadflies was determined: nasopharyngeal - Cephenomyia trompe and subcutaneous - Oedemagena tarandi. The seasonal dynamics, the number of subcutaneous and nasopharyngeal gadflies, the daily rhythm of their activity were studied to justify the timing and frequency of treatments. The mass flight of subcutaneous gadflies in the Magadan region is 47 days, in Chukotka - 26 days. The maximum number of subcutaneous and nasopharyngeal gadflies attacking reindeer is 34 in 30 minutes. The first appearance of gadflies in the forest tundra was noted 28-30 days earlier than in the tundra. The number of days of mass flight of gadflies in the forest-tundra is greater than in the tundra, which leads to a more intense invasion by larvae of the subcutaneous gadfly of deer grazing in the forest-tundra zone. In Chukotka, the infestation of females by larvae of the subcutaneous gadfly was 85.0%, calves - 91.0%, with the intensity of invasion - 102 and 97 larvae per animal, respectively; in the Magadan region, the females and calves are affected by 100.0%, with the intensity of invasion - 370 and 140 larvae per animal, respectively. Invasion of females by larvae of the nasopharyngeal gadfly in Chukotka was 75.0%, calves - 80.0%, with the intensity of invasion - 38 and 45 larvae per animal, respectively; in the Magadan region - the incidence of females - 86.0%, calves - 92.0%, with the intensity of invasion - 44 and 52 larvae per animal, respectively. Larvae of the nasopharyngeal gadfly were localized in the labyrinth of the ethmoid bone - 50%, in the choanae - up to 15% and on the nasal septum up to 35%. The degree of invasion of deer with edemagenosis and cefenomyosis depends on the place of grazing. In the forest-tundra zone, deer are 12-15% more infested than in the tundra zone.","PeriodicalId":202251,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL & APPLIED PROBLEMS OF AGRO-INDUSTRY","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129716988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32935/2221-7312-2022-53-3-30-35
A. Belyaev, N. Petrov, A. Pugacheva, Y. Petrov
In the unfavorable climatic conditions of the Volga-Don interfluve area, the cultivation of tomato varieties of domestic production, which are able to compete with the corresponding hybrids and varieties of foreign selection, becomes a very topical issue. The conducted studies have established that the Volgogradets tomato variety at a constant moisture regime of 70 ... 70 ... 70% HB, in the control variant, is able to form a yield of 85.32 t/ha, and in the variant with the use of water-soluble fertilizers for a programmed yield of 100.00 t/ha - 92.28 t/ha. On the differentiated irrigation method, respectively, it varied from 90.24 to 99.36 t/ha. The Tanya hybrid was responsive to the applied agrotechnical method on drip irrigation. Its yield levels, respectively, fluctuated under the moderate irrigation regime of the variant without the use of fertilizers from 111.65 to 115.37 t/ha of the variant with the use of calculated doses of water-soluble fertilizers, and on the differentiated irrigation regime from 123.43 to 127.40 t/ha . Comparing the variants with the use of water-soluble fertilizers, we can conclude that the increase from the application of water-soluble fertilizers for the Volgogradets variety ranged from 4.92 to 7.08 t/ha, for the Tanya hybrid from 3.72 t/ha to 3.97 t / ha. Therefore, on the basis of the conducted studies, it can be concluded that with the use of regular irrigation and the use of water-soluble fertilizers by the method of fertigation on chestnut soils, they make it possible to obtain reliable increases, compared with the natural fertility option up to 26.11 t/ha, in comparison with the use of water-soluble fertilizers under planned yield of 100 t/ha to 37.16 t/ha.
{"title":"TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TOMATO CULTIVATION IN THE VOLGA-DON INTERFLUVE","authors":"A. Belyaev, N. Petrov, A. Pugacheva, Y. Petrov","doi":"10.32935/2221-7312-2022-53-3-30-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32935/2221-7312-2022-53-3-30-35","url":null,"abstract":"In the unfavorable climatic conditions of the Volga-Don interfluve area, the cultivation of tomato varieties of domestic production, which are able to compete with the corresponding hybrids and varieties of foreign selection, becomes a very topical issue. The conducted studies have established that the Volgogradets tomato variety at a constant moisture regime of 70 ... 70 ... 70% HB, in the control variant, is able to form a yield of 85.32 t/ha, and in the variant with the use of water-soluble fertilizers for a programmed yield of 100.00 t/ha - 92.28 t/ha. On the differentiated irrigation method, respectively, it varied from 90.24 to 99.36 t/ha. The Tanya hybrid was responsive to the applied agrotechnical method on drip irrigation. Its yield levels, respectively, fluctuated under the moderate irrigation regime of the variant without the use of fertilizers from 111.65 to 115.37 t/ha of the variant with the use of calculated doses of water-soluble fertilizers, and on the differentiated irrigation regime from 123.43 to 127.40 t/ha . Comparing the variants with the use of water-soluble fertilizers, we can conclude that the increase from the application of water-soluble fertilizers for the Volgogradets variety ranged from 4.92 to 7.08 t/ha, for the Tanya hybrid from 3.72 t/ha to 3.97 t / ha. Therefore, on the basis of the conducted studies, it can be concluded that with the use of regular irrigation and the use of water-soluble fertilizers by the method of fertigation on chestnut soils, they make it possible to obtain reliable increases, compared with the natural fertility option up to 26.11 t/ha, in comparison with the use of water-soluble fertilizers under planned yield of 100 t/ha to 37.16 t/ha.","PeriodicalId":202251,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL & APPLIED PROBLEMS OF AGRO-INDUSTRY","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127007228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32935/2221-7312-2022-52-2-18-23
M. Lytov
Restoration of the lost capacities of the reclamation complex of Russia today is one of the most urgent tasks of the modern agro-industrial complex. The study of the condition of the reclaimed lands proposed for re-development in this regard is a necessary, priority and highly diverse task. The purpose of the research was to develop a mechanism for integrating the entire set of qualitative and quantitative indicators characterizing the current state of land and engineering and reclamation infrastructure and giving an idea of the possibility of resuming their economic use. The main methodological approach in terms of the implementation of the mechanism of integration of evaluation indicators was the creation of a cluster structure of the system of estimates of the lands proposed for development. Depending on the results of the assessments within the cluster, a conclusion on the existence of the problem is synthesized, the choice of technologies for its solution is made, the necessary technological parameters are selected. A mechanism has been developed that makes it possible to effectively solve the problem of integrating indicators of the state of decommissioned, reclaimed lands. The proposed mechanism is based on a three-level gradation of the resulting evaluation vector within each of the clusters of the evaluation model. This division makes it possible to simplify the interpretation of data and to form comprehensively informed judgments at the strategic level. Such scaling makes it possible to solve the problem of comparing quantitative data and indicators of a qualitative plan, and also simplifies the solution of the problem of subsequent synthesis of a general conclusion using all clusters of the evaluation model. Multi-level fragments of evaluation clusters make up situational cells, from which, in fact, a situational ecological model is synthesized for a specific area of unused agricultural land. The synthesized situational model includes all factors and indicators for conducting a comprehensive assessment of the technological feasibility of returning land to agricultural circulation, determining the timing of environmental rehabilitation of land, substantiating economic instruments for resuming economic activity and restoring lost reclamation functions.
{"title":"THE MECHANISM OF INTEGRATION OF INDICATORS OF THE SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING RECLAIMED AGRICULTURAL LAND WITHDRAWN FROM CIRCULATION","authors":"M. Lytov","doi":"10.32935/2221-7312-2022-52-2-18-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32935/2221-7312-2022-52-2-18-23","url":null,"abstract":"Restoration of the lost capacities of the reclamation complex of Russia today is one of the most urgent tasks of the modern agro-industrial complex. The study of the condition of the reclaimed lands proposed for re-development in this regard is a necessary, priority and highly diverse task. The purpose of the research was to develop a mechanism for integrating the entire set of qualitative and quantitative indicators characterizing the current state of land and engineering and reclamation infrastructure and giving an idea of the possibility of resuming their economic use. The main methodological approach in terms of the implementation of the mechanism of integration of evaluation indicators was the creation of a cluster structure of the system of estimates of the lands proposed for development. Depending on the results of the assessments within the cluster, a conclusion on the existence of the problem is synthesized, the choice of technologies for its solution is made, the necessary technological parameters are selected. A mechanism has been developed that makes it possible to effectively solve the problem of integrating indicators of the state of decommissioned, reclaimed lands. The proposed mechanism is based on a three-level gradation of the resulting evaluation vector within each of the clusters of the evaluation model. This division makes it possible to simplify the interpretation of data and to form comprehensively informed judgments at the strategic level. Such scaling makes it possible to solve the problem of comparing quantitative data and indicators of a qualitative plan, and also simplifies the solution of the problem of subsequent synthesis of a general conclusion using all clusters of the evaluation model. Multi-level fragments of evaluation clusters make up situational cells, from which, in fact, a situational ecological model is synthesized for a specific area of unused agricultural land. The synthesized situational model includes all factors and indicators for conducting a comprehensive assessment of the technological feasibility of returning land to agricultural circulation, determining the timing of environmental rehabilitation of land, substantiating economic instruments for resuming economic activity and restoring lost reclamation functions.","PeriodicalId":202251,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL & APPLIED PROBLEMS OF AGRO-INDUSTRY","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132299479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32935/2221-7312-2022-54-4-45-50
M. M. Okonov, V. A. Batyrov, A. Saad, A. V. Baryshev, N. Tyutyuma, A. Tumanyan
The relevance and practical significance of the research was due to the fact that in the North-Western Caspian region, in recent decades, due to natural and anthropogenic factors, a generally unfavorable environmental and socio-economic situation has developed. Despite the existing theoretical and practical developments of rational nature management in the Caspian region, some scientific provisions and zonal recommendations for the efficient use of agricultural land require a new understanding. The results of scientific research and the accumulated production experience convince us that in the system of adaptive agriculture in arid regions, it is necessary, first of all, to scientifically substantiate the selection of the most drought-resistant and highly productive crops that use the natural resource potential efficiently. The basis of the economy of the Republic of Kalmykia, as an agrarian subject of the Russian Federation, is agriculture with a highly developed animal husbandry with a specialization in beef cattle breeding and fine-wool sheep breeding. Further successful development of the agrarian sector of the economy in the context of an increasingly arid climate and the positioning of the republic as a promising region of Russia for the production of high-quality beef is only possible with the creation of a solid forage base on natural lands and arable lands. In the difficult ecological and economic conditions of the North-Western Caspian, one of the most acute problems is the increasing processes of land desertification, the preservation and reproduction of the fertility of zonal low-humus soil subtypes. For the successful functioning of the agro-industrial complex of Kalmykia, a comprehensive optimization of the water supply of the rural population, pasture animal husbandry and irrigated agriculture is necessary. A necessary condition for the successful development of agriculture in the region in the future is also a more complete information supply of domestic farmers with information about current trends in science and best practices, and the introduction of innovative research.
{"title":"MODERN PARADIGM OF ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES AND EFFICIENT USE OF LAND OF THE CASPIAN LOWLAND","authors":"M. M. Okonov, V. A. Batyrov, A. Saad, A. V. Baryshev, N. Tyutyuma, A. Tumanyan","doi":"10.32935/2221-7312-2022-54-4-45-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32935/2221-7312-2022-54-4-45-50","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance and practical significance of the research was due to the fact that in the North-Western Caspian region, in recent decades, due to natural and anthropogenic factors, a generally unfavorable environmental and socio-economic situation has developed. Despite the existing theoretical and practical developments of rational nature management in the Caspian region, some scientific provisions and zonal recommendations for the efficient use of agricultural land require a new understanding. The results of scientific research and the accumulated production experience convince us that in the system of adaptive agriculture in arid regions, it is necessary, first of all, to scientifically substantiate the selection of the most drought-resistant and highly productive crops that use the natural resource potential efficiently. The basis of the economy of the Republic of Kalmykia, as an agrarian subject of the Russian Federation, is agriculture with a highly developed animal husbandry with a specialization in beef cattle breeding and fine-wool sheep breeding. Further successful development of the agrarian sector of the economy in the context of an increasingly arid climate and the positioning of the republic as a promising region of Russia for the production of high-quality beef is only possible with the creation of a solid forage base on natural lands and arable lands. In the difficult ecological and economic conditions of the North-Western Caspian, one of the most acute problems is the increasing processes of land desertification, the preservation and reproduction of the fertility of zonal low-humus soil subtypes. For the successful functioning of the agro-industrial complex of Kalmykia, a comprehensive optimization of the water supply of the rural population, pasture animal husbandry and irrigated agriculture is necessary. A necessary condition for the successful development of agriculture in the region in the future is also a more complete information supply of domestic farmers with information about current trends in science and best practices, and the introduction of innovative research.","PeriodicalId":202251,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL & APPLIED PROBLEMS OF AGRO-INDUSTRY","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132469153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32935/2221-7312-2022-53-3-3-5
Y. D. Fandeeva, N. V. Fedosova
The article deals with the topical issue of the formation of the local livestock feed base and the preservation of the productive longevity of sown meadows, based on the variety of broad-leaved arktopolitsa Priokhotskaya (Arctagrostis latifolia), created in 2012 in the Magadan Research Institute of Agriculture (R.Br .) Griseb). The purpose of the research is to create a regional system of seed production of perennial grasses to reduce the volume of the market of imported seeds and the formation of an economically valuable crop of fodder grasses at the expense of their own. The results of research conducted by the Institute's staff for a number of years (from 2012 to the present) give an idea of the full characteristics of the variety, revealing the full potential for plant growth and development, changes in the biochemical composition of feed during the growing season, depending on the phases of development. In extreme soil and climatic conditions of agricultural lands of the Magadan region, located mainly on permafrost tundra soils, the variety has the maximum adaptation over the years to abiotic and biotic factors, which determines the effectiveness of its use in regional meadow farming. A tendency to increase the protein and fat content in the earing phase and a gradual decrease in these indicators in later phases of development due to increased nutrient intake by the plant due to a sharp increase in aboveground mass has been established. The content of fiber, ash and calcium in plant tissues increases gradually and reaches a maximum by the time of maturation. A change in the biochemical composition and a stable reaction to meteorological conditions regulating the duration of phenological phases indicates the unique properties of the development of the variety and its adaptive capabilities in the conditions of the Northeast.
{"title":"REGIONAL MEADOW FARMING BASED ON BROAD-LEAVED ARCTOPOLICA OF THE PRIOKHOTSKAYA VARIETY","authors":"Y. D. Fandeeva, N. V. Fedosova","doi":"10.32935/2221-7312-2022-53-3-3-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32935/2221-7312-2022-53-3-3-5","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the topical issue of the formation of the local livestock feed base and the preservation of the productive longevity of sown meadows, based on the variety of broad-leaved arktopolitsa Priokhotskaya (Arctagrostis latifolia), created in 2012 in the Magadan Research Institute of Agriculture (R.Br .) Griseb). The purpose of the research is to create a regional system of seed production of perennial grasses to reduce the volume of the market of imported seeds and the formation of an economically valuable crop of fodder grasses at the expense of their own. The results of research conducted by the Institute's staff for a number of years (from 2012 to the present) give an idea of the full characteristics of the variety, revealing the full potential for plant growth and development, changes in the biochemical composition of feed during the growing season, depending on the phases of development. In extreme soil and climatic conditions of agricultural lands of the Magadan region, located mainly on permafrost tundra soils, the variety has the maximum adaptation over the years to abiotic and biotic factors, which determines the effectiveness of its use in regional meadow farming. A tendency to increase the protein and fat content in the earing phase and a gradual decrease in these indicators in later phases of development due to increased nutrient intake by the plant due to a sharp increase in aboveground mass has been established. The content of fiber, ash and calcium in plant tissues increases gradually and reaches a maximum by the time of maturation. A change in the biochemical composition and a stable reaction to meteorological conditions regulating the duration of phenological phases indicates the unique properties of the development of the variety and its adaptive capabilities in the conditions of the Northeast.","PeriodicalId":202251,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL & APPLIED PROBLEMS OF AGRO-INDUSTRY","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132552167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32935/2221-7312-2023-55-1-53-59
Moramudali Arachchilage Hasini T. Premathilaka, V. Semenova, E. V. Kulikov
Some people found it hard to believe that animals have stress. When people have stress, they have found that cuddling their pet is a relief to minimize their stress. Dogs especially as a lovely loyal pet to their owners, they can help this situation more than other animals. But when they have stress will owners be able to identify and minimize stress triggers for dogs? Perceptions of dog owners about the stress in dogs influence the mental and physical wellbeing of their own dogs. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate how dog owners in Sri Lanka and Russia perceive stressful situations and behavioural signs of stress in dogs. 99 dog owners from both countries participated in the study. An online questionnaire measuring dog owners’ ability to identify stressful situations to dogs and perceptions of behavioural indicators of stress in dogs were administered to participants. Data showed that dog owners from both countries easily identified stressful situations but failed to recognize behavioural indicators related to stress in dogs. Misunderstandings about canine behaviour might influence dog owners’ ability to recognize subtle stress signs in dogs. According to the experience of the researcher, the dog owners of Sri Lanka and Russia have many differences in taking care of their pets. However, both were failed to identify even main behavioural stress signs in dogs. The study was proposed to be expanded to compare the preventive measures taken by dog owners from both countries to gain more insight into why they failed to identify behavioural signs associated with stress in dogs. It was recommended to conduct additional awareness programs about canine stress which might be beneficial for dog owners.
{"title":"Comparison between the perceptions of dog owners from Sri Lanka and Russia about the stressful situations and behavioural signs related to stress in dogs","authors":"Moramudali Arachchilage Hasini T. Premathilaka, V. Semenova, E. V. Kulikov","doi":"10.32935/2221-7312-2023-55-1-53-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32935/2221-7312-2023-55-1-53-59","url":null,"abstract":"Some people found it hard to believe that animals have stress. When people have stress, they have found that cuddling their pet is a relief to minimize their stress. Dogs especially as a lovely loyal pet to their owners, they can help this situation more than other animals. But when they have stress will owners be able to identify and minimize stress triggers for dogs? Perceptions of dog owners about the stress in dogs influence the mental and physical wellbeing of their own dogs. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate how dog owners in Sri Lanka and Russia perceive stressful situations and behavioural signs of stress in dogs. 99 dog owners from both countries participated in the study. An online questionnaire measuring dog owners’ ability to identify stressful situations to dogs and perceptions of behavioural indicators of stress in dogs were administered to participants. Data showed that dog owners from both countries easily identified stressful situations but failed to recognize behavioural indicators related to stress in dogs. Misunderstandings about canine behaviour might influence dog owners’ ability to recognize subtle stress signs in dogs. According to the experience of the researcher, the dog owners of Sri Lanka and Russia have many differences in taking care of their pets. However, both were failed to identify even main behavioural stress signs in dogs. The study was proposed to be expanded to compare the preventive measures taken by dog owners from both countries to gain more insight into why they failed to identify behavioural signs associated with stress in dogs. It was recommended to conduct additional awareness programs about canine stress which might be beneficial for dog owners.","PeriodicalId":202251,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL & APPLIED PROBLEMS OF AGRO-INDUSTRY","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134316069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32935/2221-7312-2022-52-2-12-17
V. A. Batyrov, T. S. Аstarkhanova, Sh. B. Baĭrambekov
The purpose of the study was to study the effect of agrotechnical measures and herbicides aimed at reducing weed infestation and increasing the productivity of tomato fruits when grown in the Republic of Kalmykia. The most effective was the combined use of agrotechnical and chemical measures to combat weeds, which made it possible to reduce the infestation of tomato plantings of the Podarochny variety by 91.1-94.0%. An increase in the number of cultivations from 3 to 6 (against the background of herbicides) did not lead to a significant decrease in the weediness level. It was revealed that the reduction in the number of inter-row tillage to one had a positive effect on the physical properties of the soil – density, porosity and aggregation were at the control level with manual weeding. Carrying out three to six cultivations increased the density of the soil, respectively, by 0.16-0.20 t/m3, reduced the porosity from 52.0% to 44.8%. With six inter-row tillage, the number of valuable aggregates decreased from 57% to 36%, the coefficient of soil structure - from 1.05 to 0.79. It was found that the combination of agrotechnical and chemical measures provided a significant 40.3-58.3% increase in the yield of tomato fruits, compared with the control, but did not affect their quality. It was revealed that an average of 298 man-hours/ha of net working time was spent on manual weeding. When weeding was combined with triple cultivation, the costs decreased by 58% and amounted to 125 man-hours/ha. In the variants where herbicides were used in combination with inter-row cultivation, the least amount of manual labor was spent on weeding. The cost recovery for chemical weeding with continuous application of herbicides was 0.6 rubles, with tape - 5.3-6.2 rubles.
{"title":"INTEGRATED APPLICATION OF AGROTECHNICAL AND CHEMICAL MEASURES TO COMBAT WEEDS IN TOMATO PLANTINGS","authors":"V. A. Batyrov, T. S. Аstarkhanova, Sh. B. Baĭrambekov","doi":"10.32935/2221-7312-2022-52-2-12-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32935/2221-7312-2022-52-2-12-17","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to study the effect of agrotechnical measures and herbicides aimed at reducing weed infestation and increasing the productivity of tomato fruits when grown in the Republic of Kalmykia. The most effective was the combined use of agrotechnical and chemical measures to combat weeds, which made it possible to reduce the infestation of tomato plantings of the Podarochny variety by 91.1-94.0%. An increase in the number of cultivations from 3 to 6 (against the background of herbicides) did not lead to a significant decrease in the weediness level. It was revealed that the reduction in the number of inter-row tillage to one had a positive effect on the physical properties of the soil – density, porosity and aggregation were at the control level with manual weeding. Carrying out three to six cultivations increased the density of the soil, respectively, by 0.16-0.20 t/m3, reduced the porosity from 52.0% to 44.8%. With six inter-row tillage, the number of valuable aggregates decreased from 57% to 36%, the coefficient of soil structure - from 1.05 to 0.79. It was found that the combination of agrotechnical and chemical measures provided a significant 40.3-58.3% increase in the yield of tomato fruits, compared with the control, but did not affect their quality. It was revealed that an average of 298 man-hours/ha of net working time was spent on manual weeding. When weeding was combined with triple cultivation, the costs decreased by 58% and amounted to 125 man-hours/ha. In the variants where herbicides were used in combination with inter-row cultivation, the least amount of manual labor was spent on weeding. The cost recovery for chemical weeding with continuous application of herbicides was 0.6 rubles, with tape - 5.3-6.2 rubles.","PeriodicalId":202251,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL & APPLIED PROBLEMS OF AGRO-INDUSTRY","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132842678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.32935/2221-7312-2022-53-3-61-64
S. B. Seleznev, Dramou Foromo, G. A. Vetoshkina
Using allometric equations, one can theoretically determine the anatomical constants of representatives of the class of birds and mammals, identify significant differences in the dynamics of these indicators, and determine which morphophysiological parameters do not obey these relationships. Thus, the principle of allometry allows, on the one hand, to identify and justify the general model of the structure and functioning of the animal organism as a whole, and on the other hand, it creates a basis for assessing the quantitative and qualitative deviations of individual species of birds and mammals from this model. The study was carried out in the experimental research laboratory and vivarium of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Agrarian and Technological Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia in the period from 2019 to 2022. The aim of the study was to develop an allometric equation of the stomach, reflecting the processes of its formation and allowing to reveal the relationship between its shape and structural elements that determine its internal architectonics. The article presents the results of experimental studies of weight indicators of the stomach (absolute and relative weight) in Japanese quails in early post-incubation ontogenesis, on the basis of which a new original allometric equation is proposed that takes into account the age factor. Allometric equations make it possible to non-standardly evaluate and calculate anatomical constants for a particular animal species. Thus, knowledge of the anatomical features of the digestive system of Japanese quails makes it possible to purposefully influence their growth and development, using breeding and selection in the right direction to maintain the health of the animal.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF ALLOMETRY TO CALCULATE THE GASTRIC MASS IN JAPANESE QUAILS","authors":"S. B. Seleznev, Dramou Foromo, G. A. Vetoshkina","doi":"10.32935/2221-7312-2022-53-3-61-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32935/2221-7312-2022-53-3-61-64","url":null,"abstract":"Using allometric equations, one can theoretically determine the anatomical constants of representatives of the class of birds and mammals, identify significant differences in the dynamics of these indicators, and determine which morphophysiological parameters do not obey these relationships. Thus, the principle of allometry allows, on the one hand, to identify and justify the general model of the structure and functioning of the animal organism as a whole, and on the other hand, it creates a basis for assessing the quantitative and qualitative deviations of individual species of birds and mammals from this model. The study was carried out in the experimental research laboratory and vivarium of the Department of Veterinary Medicine of the Agrarian and Technological Institute of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia in the period from 2019 to 2022. The aim of the study was to develop an allometric equation of the stomach, reflecting the processes of its formation and allowing to reveal the relationship between its shape and structural elements that determine its internal architectonics. The article presents the results of experimental studies of weight indicators of the stomach (absolute and relative weight) in Japanese quails in early post-incubation ontogenesis, on the basis of which a new original allometric equation is proposed that takes into account the age factor. Allometric equations make it possible to non-standardly evaluate and calculate anatomical constants for a particular animal species. Thus, knowledge of the anatomical features of the digestive system of Japanese quails makes it possible to purposefully influence their growth and development, using breeding and selection in the right direction to maintain the health of the animal.","PeriodicalId":202251,"journal":{"name":"THEORETICAL & APPLIED PROBLEMS OF AGRO-INDUSTRY","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128441535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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