75% of maternal deaths are caused by bleeding, infection, and high blood pressure in the mother during pregnancy. Danger signs in pregnancy are a sign that a serious problem has occurred in the pregnant mother or the fetus in her womb so that it can cause illness or death before or after delivery. The method of this community service is the extension method in the form of direct presentation of lecture material to 20 pregnant women using leaflets and browsur media. This community service as a whole is very effective, so that an increase in knowledge is obtained after counseling on the danger signs of pregnancy to pregnant women
{"title":"The Danger Signs in Pregnancy in Pregnant Women in the UPT area of the Ulaweng Public Health Center, Ulaweng District, Bone Regency in 2022","authors":"Andi Ria Metasari, Sumarni, Kasmiati, Susilawati, Sriwidyastuti","doi":"10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.176","url":null,"abstract":"75% of maternal deaths are caused by bleeding, infection, and high blood pressure in the mother during pregnancy. Danger signs in pregnancy are a sign that a serious problem has occurred in the pregnant mother or the fetus in her womb so that it can cause illness or death before or after delivery. The method of this community service is the extension method in the form of direct presentation of lecture material to 20 pregnant women using leaflets and browsur media. This community service as a whole is very effective, so that an increase in knowledge is obtained after counseling on the danger signs of pregnancy to pregnant women","PeriodicalId":202357,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Community Service (IJCS)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129836268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organizational leadership is the ability to influence a group towards the achievement of a goal, so that the creation of good leadership and low work stress in the organization can improve employee performance to achieve a goal. This study aims to determine the effect of leadership and work stress on the performance of lecturers and education staff at the Medan Senior High School of Health in 2021. This research is a quantitative study using a survey method, in which basic data from a sample of a population is collected using a questionnaire instrument in field. The data used in this study is primary data. Primary data is obtained directly from the original source through the distribution of questionnaires to respondents. The research population was all lecturers and education staff at the Medan Senior High School of Health as many as 50 people with the number of samples used as total sampling. Data collection techniques were carried out by interviewing and distributing questionnaires to respondents. Classical assumption test is done by normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test. The data analysis technique used the T-test and F-test. The results showed that the t-count value > t-table, namely the leadership t-count value 2,978 > 1.677 and the t-count compensation value 2,040 > 1,677, this indicates that there is a positive and significant influence between leadership and work stress. on the performance of lecturers and education staff. Meanwhile, it simultaneously shows that the calculated F value > F table (4,641 > 3,20).
{"title":"Effect of Leadership And Work Demands on the Performance of Lecturers and Educational Staff at Stikes Senior Medan 2021","authors":"S. Sinaga, F. A. Hasibuan, Willy Cahyadi","doi":"10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.83","url":null,"abstract":"Organizational leadership is the ability to influence a group towards the achievement of a goal, so that the creation of good leadership and low work stress in the organization can improve employee performance to achieve a goal. This study aims to determine the effect of leadership and work stress on the performance of lecturers and education staff at the Medan Senior High School of Health in 2021. This research is a quantitative study using a survey method, in which basic data from a sample of a population is collected using a questionnaire instrument in field. The data used in this study is primary data. Primary data is obtained directly from the original source through the distribution of questionnaires to respondents. The research population was all lecturers and education staff at the Medan Senior High School of Health as many as 50 people with the number of samples used as total sampling. Data collection techniques were carried out by interviewing and distributing questionnaires to respondents. Classical assumption test is done by normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test. The data analysis technique used the T-test and F-test. The results showed that the t-count value > t-table, namely the leadership t-count value 2,978 > 1.677 and the t-count compensation value 2,040 > 1,677, this indicates that there is a positive and significant influence between leadership and work stress. on the performance of lecturers and education staff. Meanwhile, it simultaneously shows that the calculated F value > F table (4,641 > 3,20).","PeriodicalId":202357,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Community Service (IJCS)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126339485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juvenile delinquency can no longer be viewed as an ordinary delinquency, many children commit acts that are classified as criminal acts, such as: stealing, carrying sharp weapons, getting into fights, being involved in drug use, and others. So it requires serious attention from the government, parents and the community. Crime cases involving children as perpetrators of crimes bring their own phenomena. Given that children are individuals who are still emotionally unstable and have not become legal subjects, the handling of crime cases with child perpetrators needs special attention. So that the selection of the title of this thesis is Criminal Law Policy in Overcoming Juvenile Delinquency according to Law no. 3 of 1997.
{"title":"Criminal Law Policy in Collecting Child Delay According to Law No. 3 Year 1997","authors":"Joharsyah","doi":"10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.167","url":null,"abstract":"Juvenile delinquency can no longer be viewed as an ordinary delinquency, many children commit acts that are classified as criminal acts, such as: stealing, carrying sharp weapons, getting into fights, being involved in drug use, and others. So it requires serious attention from the government, parents and the community. Crime cases involving children as perpetrators of crimes bring their own phenomena. Given that children are individuals who are still emotionally unstable and have not become legal subjects, the handling of crime cases with child perpetrators needs special attention. So that the selection of the title of this thesis is Criminal Law Policy in Overcoming Juvenile Delinquency according to Law no. 3 of 1997.","PeriodicalId":202357,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Community Service (IJCS)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114196607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contraceptives are very useful in family planning programs, but it should be noted that not all contraceptives are suitable for everyone's condition. For this reason, each individual must be able to choose a contraceptive that is suitable for himself. Most family planning acceptors choose and pay for the various contraceptive methods available. Other factors that influence the choice of contraceptive type include partner factors (age, lifestyle, desired family size, experience with past contraceptive methods), health factors (health status, menstrual history, family history, physical examination, pelvic examination), factors contraceptive method (effectiveness, side effects, cost), education level, knowledge, family welfare, religion, and support from husband/wife. These factors will also affect the success of the family planning program. This is because each method or contraceptive chosen has different effectiveness. Therefore, the authors are interested in compiling a paper on Intra Uterine Device (IUD) and Implant contraception.
{"title":"Implementation of Intra Uterine Device and Implant Family Planning in Batang Gadis Village Jae Sub-District Panyabungan Barat District Mandailing Natal","authors":"Helmi Wardah Nasution, Ferika Desi, Risma, Samsidah, Mariani Riska","doi":"10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.87","url":null,"abstract":"Contraceptives are very useful in family planning programs, but it should be noted that not all contraceptives are suitable for everyone's condition. For this reason, each individual must be able to choose a contraceptive that is suitable for himself. Most family planning acceptors choose and pay for the various contraceptive methods available. Other factors that influence the choice of contraceptive type include partner factors (age, lifestyle, desired family size, experience with past contraceptive methods), health factors (health status, menstrual history, family history, physical examination, pelvic examination), factors contraceptive method (effectiveness, side effects, cost), education level, knowledge, family welfare, religion, and support from husband/wife. These factors will also affect the success of the family planning program. This is because each method or contraceptive chosen has different effectiveness. Therefore, the authors are interested in compiling a paper on Intra Uterine Device (IUD) and Implant contraception.","PeriodicalId":202357,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Community Service (IJCS)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117154363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Speech is a activity speak in front general or give a speech for express his opinion, or give an idea about something. Speech usually brought by a which give orations and statement about something things/events that are important and worthy of discussion. Speech is one of the theories of lesson language indonesian . See condition child in time now, more consequence progress technology like smartphone, it is very rare that there is direct communication between one another In real life, everyone is busy with communicating in cyberspace. When again time for them to practice speaking face to face with the other person? Reflecting on In this case, we are motivated to do service to students in order to go through In this they practice speaking formally/officially as well as train critical thinking. Because from an early age, students trained so that they are able to communicate, convince listeners against argument delivered. Result student more brave communicate with good in life daily more on situation official because communicate is wrong one capital for reach success in time front.
{"title":"Cooperative Group-Based Speech Writing Training Investigation on Student Class VI SD Pulibuah Districts Raya Kahean","authors":"Mery Chris, Isabella Saragih","doi":"10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.179","url":null,"abstract":"Speech is a activity speak in front general or give a speech for express his opinion, or give an idea about something. Speech usually brought by a which give orations and statement about something things/events that are important and worthy of discussion. Speech is one of the theories of lesson language indonesian . See condition child in time now, more consequence progress technology like smartphone, it is very rare that there is direct communication between one another In real life, everyone is busy with communicating in cyberspace. When again time for them to practice speaking face to face with the other person? Reflecting on In this case, we are motivated to do service to students in order to go through In this they practice speaking formally/officially as well as train critical thinking. Because from an early age, students trained so that they are able to communicate, convince listeners against argument delivered. Result student more brave communicate with good in life daily more on situation official because communicate is wrong one capital for reach success in time front.","PeriodicalId":202357,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Community Service (IJCS)","volume":"657 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132126980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Online business is one way of growing and revitalizing the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic, village youth will be the perpetrators of the online business. The interests and talents and willingness of teenagers to like to advance towards the online business are very lively, with a strong, unidirectional and significant correlation. The participants' understanding of the explanation and explanation of the PkM team on how to use the internet as an online medium that can be used as a business field to increase income. In this socialization, there were also several obstacles for the young people of the inner village, in carrying out or working on this online business, including the lack of a deep understanding of the platforms that will be used in the online business as well as the lack of infrastructure such as computers, laptops and smartphones and even capital.
{"title":"Online Business Socialization During the MSME Pandemic Awakens Case Study of Inner Village Youth Suka Maju Deli Serdang","authors":"Zuriani Ritonga, Hayanuddin Safri, Bayu Eko Broto, Sutoyo, Chairul Bariah","doi":"10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.89","url":null,"abstract":"Online business is one way of growing and revitalizing the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic, village youth will be the perpetrators of the online business. The interests and talents and willingness of teenagers to like to advance towards the online business are very lively, with a strong, unidirectional and significant correlation. The participants' understanding of the explanation and explanation of the PkM team on how to use the internet as an online medium that can be used as a business field to increase income. In this socialization, there were also several obstacles for the young people of the inner village, in carrying out or working on this online business, including the lack of a deep understanding of the platforms that will be used in the online business as well as the lack of infrastructure such as computers, laptops and smartphones and even capital.","PeriodicalId":202357,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Community Service (IJCS)","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114968030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atika Aini Nasution, Baginda Harahap, Rohmah Alawiyah Harahap, Nasrul Wahdi
Based on the observations that we found at MAS Darul Ilmi that the level of understanding and knowledge of multimedia was still low, so that's why the community service team provided socialization of the use of multimedia as a learning tool to improve the skills of class XI students at MAS Darul Ilmi Desa Haholongan. With the implementation of this service, a satisfactory result was obtained, that the students of MAS Darul Ilmi got information, insight, and knowledge that multimedia plays a very important role in learning, including that multimedia is very important for everyday life, especially at this time. Information and communication technology is advancing very rapidly
{"title":"Socialization of the Use of Multimedia as a Learning Tool to Improve the Skills of MAS Darul Ilmi Students","authors":"Atika Aini Nasution, Baginda Harahap, Rohmah Alawiyah Harahap, Nasrul Wahdi","doi":"10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.88","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the observations that we found at MAS Darul Ilmi that the level of understanding and knowledge of multimedia was still low, so that's why the community service team provided socialization of the use of multimedia as a learning tool to improve the skills of class XI students at MAS Darul Ilmi Desa Haholongan. With the implementation of this service, a satisfactory result was obtained, that the students of MAS Darul Ilmi got information, insight, and knowledge that multimedia plays a very important role in learning, including that multimedia is very important for everyday life, especially at this time. Information and communication technology is advancing very rapidly","PeriodicalId":202357,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Community Service (IJCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122571348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Insufficient breast milk is the main reason for a mother to stop breastfeeding early, mother feel that he does not have sufficient milk production to meet the needs of the baby and support increase heavy body baby which adequate because breast milk no out or production not enough fluent. Care that effective for multiply production breast milk Among other with To do care breast or breast care with guard cleanliness and (massage) breasts, and massage oxytocin. Massage oxytocin have some very helpful benefits for mothers after childbirth and also can reduce physical discomfort and improve mood. Massages done in along bone behind this could relax tension on back and relieve stress so that it can facilitate the release of breast milk. Meanwhile, according to Department of health RI massage oxytocin could reduce swollen, reduce blockage breast milk, and maintain milk production when mother and baby are sick. Type of research used is quantitative, is research which done with the aim of making description or description something state objectively. Results data collection individual and family where amount mother breast-feed as much 30 person, held with counseling and use tool in the form of questionnaire for measure how mother's knowledge, and it was obtained that knowledge mom about the benefits of oxytocin massage in increase production breast milk majority knowledgeable not enough that is 29 person (96.7%), the minority with sufficient knowledge is 1 person (3.3%) and has good knowledge no there is (0%).
{"title":"Counseling On Oxytocin Massage in Promoting Breast Milk For Breastfeeding Mothers in Bintuju Sub-District, Batang Angkola District, Selatan Tapanuli Regency Year 2022","authors":"Dewi Aminasty Siregar","doi":"10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.124","url":null,"abstract":"Insufficient breast milk is the main reason for a mother to stop breastfeeding early, mother feel that he does not have sufficient milk production to meet the needs of the baby and support increase heavy body baby which adequate because breast milk no out or production not enough fluent. Care that effective for multiply production breast milk Among other with To do care breast or breast care with guard cleanliness and (massage) breasts, and massage oxytocin. Massage oxytocin have some very helpful benefits for mothers after childbirth and also can reduce physical discomfort and improve mood. Massages done in along bone behind this could relax tension on back and relieve stress so that it can facilitate the release of breast milk. Meanwhile, according to Department of health RI massage oxytocin could reduce swollen, reduce blockage breast milk, and maintain milk production when mother and baby are sick. Type of research used is quantitative, is research which done with the aim of making description or description something state objectively. Results data collection individual and family where amount mother breast-feed as much 30 person, held with counseling and use tool in the form of questionnaire for measure how mother's knowledge, and it was obtained that knowledge mom about the benefits of oxytocin massage in increase production breast milk majority knowledgeable not enough that is 29 person (96.7%), the minority with sufficient knowledge is 1 person (3.3%) and has good knowledge no there is (0%).","PeriodicalId":202357,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Community Service (IJCS)","volume":"36 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132061071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Training “Increasing Mother's Knowledge about Feeding endamping ASI (MP-ASI) through Counseling Health" could increase knowledge about Giving Food Companion ASI (MP-ASI). Enhancement knowledge and Skills for participant counseling health about Giving Food Companion ASI (MP-ASI) with method lecture. Empowerment of midwives and cadres in monitoring the provision of food Companion ASI (MP-AS I) expected could materialized with good with exists gift a number of example method gift food companion ASI.
{"title":"Increase Knowledge Mother about Giving Food Companion ASI (MP-ASI) Through Counseling Health","authors":"Eka Saudar Renaldi Sihombing","doi":"10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.222","url":null,"abstract":"Training “Increasing Mother's Knowledge about Feeding endamping ASI (MP-ASI) through Counseling Health\" could increase knowledge about Giving Food Companion ASI (MP-ASI). Enhancement knowledge and Skills for participant counseling health about Giving Food Companion ASI (MP-ASI) with method lecture. Empowerment of midwives and cadres in monitoring the provision of food Companion ASI (MP-AS I) expected could materialized with good with exists gift a number of example method gift food companion ASI.","PeriodicalId":202357,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Community Service (IJCS)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114269995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Old age is an unavoidable aging process, humans grow old through process which at first started from baby, children, teenager, mature and next Becomes old. All People will certainly experience the process of getting old and this is the most important period of human life end. The size amount population elderly in Indonesia in time front bring impact positive nor negative. Positive impact, if the elderly population is in a healthy, active and productive condition. On the other hand, the large number of elderly people becomes a burden if the elderly have a decline problem health which caused on enhancement cost service health, drop income/income, increase in disability, lack of adequate social and environmental support no friendly to population elderly. Method which worn with To do survey and interviews for data collection, data analysis, data presentation, formulating discussions and Furthermore, communication, information and education (IEC) is given using 2 methods, namely: online by using applications including SMS, zoom, WA and other applications. And how direct that is stage counseling with obey protocol health.
{"title":"Elderly Healthy and Productive in Era Pandemic","authors":"Rya Anastasya Siregar","doi":"10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55299/ijcs.v1i1.130","url":null,"abstract":"Old age is an unavoidable aging process, humans grow old through process which at first started from baby, children, teenager, mature and next Becomes old. All People will certainly experience the process of getting old and this is the most important period of human life end. The size amount population elderly in Indonesia in time front bring impact positive nor negative. Positive impact, if the elderly population is in a healthy, active and productive condition. On the other hand, the large number of elderly people becomes a burden if the elderly have a decline problem health which caused on enhancement cost service health, drop income/income, increase in disability, lack of adequate social and environmental support no friendly to population elderly. Method which worn with To do survey and interviews for data collection, data analysis, data presentation, formulating discussions and Furthermore, communication, information and education (IEC) is given using 2 methods, namely: online by using applications including SMS, zoom, WA and other applications. And how direct that is stage counseling with obey protocol health.","PeriodicalId":202357,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Community Service (IJCS)","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133274845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：