Physiological research最新文献

This review summarizes the application of platelet membrane-coated biomimetic drug delivery systems in the treatment of various ischemia-reperfusion injuries (I/RI). Platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles, extracellular vesicles, microbubbles, microemulsions, as well as platelet membrane vesicles and their derivatives have shown significant promise for I/RI treatment. By leveraging the specific targeting, adhesive, and immune evasion properties of platelets, these systems enable the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, thrombolytics, and neuroprotective compounds, to ischemic tissues, while also offering diagnostic capabilities. However, challenges remain in bridging the gap between research and clinical application, such as scalability, maintaining bioactivity, and potential side effects. Future research should focus on improving scalability, stability, and safety. Furthermore, the context-specific selection or integration of delivery strategies is essential to meet the therapeutic demands of I/RI.

This study aimed to investigate the association between serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) concentrations, platelet counts, and the severity of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NHB), as well as their correlation with the total bilirubin/albumin (B/A) ratio. A total of 82 neonates diagnosed with NHB and treated at JingMen People's Hospital of Hubei Province, China, between September 2023 and December 2023 were enrolled. Participants were categorized into mild and severe NHB groups based on total bilirubin levels. Serum hs-cTnI concentrations, platelet counts, and total bile acid levels were compared between groups. Correlations among hs-cTnI, platelet counts, and the B/A ratio were assessed. Neonates in the severe NHB group exhibited significantly higher hs-cTnI concentrations (median 64.1 [31.7, 92.1] ng/mL) compared with those in the mild NHB group (median 41.9 [17.55, 60.4] ng/mL; p=0.015). The B/A ratio was also significantly higher in the severe group (10.5 [10.0, 10.9] vs. 8.4 [7.9, 8.9]; p<0.001). No significant differences were observed between groups regarding platelet counts or total bile acid levels. Additionally, neither platelet count nor the B/A ratio demonstrated a significant correlation with hs-cTnI concentrations. Neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia exhibited significantly elevated hs-cTnI concentrations and B/A ratios. However, hs-cTnI levels were not significantly influenced by platelet counts or the B/A ratio.

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promote blood-vessel repair, but their apoptosis worsens diabetes-related vascular damage. Although advanced glycation end products (AGEs) abound in diabetes, it remains unclear whether they trigger EPC apoptosis through oxidative stress and driven MAPK activation. EPCs were extracted from Sprague-Dawley rats' bone marrow. Cells were treated with varying AGEs concentrations (50, 100, 200 µg/mL) and durations (6, 12, 24, 48 hours). Apoptosis was measured via Annexin V/PI staining flow cytometry, and protein expression of Bax (pro-apoptotic) and Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic) was analyzed by Western blot. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected by flow cytometry using DCFH-DA molecular probes. The effects of antioxidants (NAC) and specific inhibitors (SP600125 for JNK and SB203580 for p38MAPK) on apoptosis and protein expression were also examined. EPC apoptosis increased with AGEs concentration and exposure time, peaking at 24 hours. Bax expression rose, while Bcl-2 decreased with higher AGEs levels and prolonged exposure. ROS generation increased up to 12 hours before declining. Antioxidant NAC reduced ROS and Bax expression. Inhibitors SP600125 and SB203580 decreased JNK and p38MAPK activation, lowered Bax, and increased Bcl-2 expression.

MiR-9-5p is up-regulated in lupus nephritis (LN) patients and targets Foxo1 that is a protective factor against renal disorders. In the current study, the role of miR-9-5p/Foxo1 LN progression was assessed and the associated mechanism was explored. The levels of LN-associated miRs were firstly detected in MRL/lpr mice. Then the effect of miR-9-5p modulation on the viability of SV40 MES 13 cells was detected. MRL/lpr mice were treated with miR agomirs or antagonists, and effects on renal structure and function were assessed. MiR-9-5p was selected as the potential target, which was up-regulated in MRL/lpr mice, contributing to the suppressed expression of Foxo1. The modulation of miR-9-5p in vitro influenced the viability of SV40 MES 13 cells. The progression of LN in mice was also associated with the increased level of miR-9-5p and the decreased level of Foxo1. The administration of miR agomirs significantly impaired renal structure and function impairments associated with LN, along with the suppressed expression of Foxo1, while antagonists improved these features by up-regulating Foxo1 level. The current study demonstrated that miR-9-5p showed LN promoting effects, which depended on the inhibition of Foxo1.

From previous studies, the right heart is considered less critical than the left heart in maintaining normal global hemodynamic performance. However, there is now substantial evidence underscoring the importance of comprehensive right ventricular (RV) function. Acute hypoxia is associated with an increase in pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), leading to changes in RV hemodynamics. Moreover, hypoxia may directly affect the RV. The current literature assessing the impact of acute hypoxia on RV hemodynamics remains insufficiently elucidated. This paper aims to delineate the effects of acute hypoxia exposure on the RV in healthy individuals.

Light spectra, an imperative zeitgeber, may differ in its chronobiological effects among chronotype ensuing differences in circadian pacesetting. With the increasing usage of colored lights in the environment, the effects of light wavelength on the electrical activity of the brain among chronotypes need to be investigated. Healthy participants (N=24) were recruited to morning, intermediate, and evening chronotype groups using the composite scale for morningness scores. They were exposed to randomized brief sessions of red, green, blue, and white light preceded by 15 min of darkness. EEG was recorded in all sessions. The power spectrum was estimated for alpha, beta, theta, and delta waves from different regions of the scalp and compared among the groups. The morning and evening chronotype had statistically significantly higher mean delta power than intermediate chronotype in colored light. Evening chronotype showed a statistically significantly higher mean beta power than the intermediate chronotype (p=0.013) in green light. Intermediate chronotype had statistically significantly higher mean alpha power than morning (p=0.029) and evening chronotype (p=0.009) in red light. The results show a significant effect of the spectral property of light on brain waves in chronotypes. The green light is more effective in alerting evening chronotypes. The finding of the present study may be applicable in research pertinent to brain imaging in chronotypes especially with red, green, and blue light exposure and chromotherapy-based interventions in affective and psychiatric conditions. Key words Circadian rhythm " Color of light " Light and chronotype " Wavelength of light " EEG in chronotypes.

Pupillary light reflex (PLR), i.e. pupil constriction in response to light stimulus, offers a sensitive index of parasympathetic nervous regulation. Yet, the studies on PLR in acute mental stress are rare. We aimed to study potential changes of PLR to acute mental stress in healthy young people with respect to sex. Thirty-eight participants (24 women, age: 22.95+/-0.19 yrs) were examined in a cross-sectional study under standard conditions. PLR parameters were measured separately for both eyes using PLR-2000 (NeurOptics, USA) before arithmetic test (baseline), immediately after arithmetic test, and after recovery period. Evaluated PLR parasympathetically-mediated parameters: pupil diameter (mm) before (initial value, INIT) and after illumination (peak of constriction, END), maximum constriction velocity (MCV), relative constriction amplitude (RCA). INIT and END diameters were significantly reduced immediately after mental stress and after recovery compared to baseline (left eye: INIT: p=0.044, p=0.035, respectively; END: p=0.004, p<0.001, respectively; right eye: INIT: p<0.001, p=0.002, respectively; END: p<0.001 for both comparisons). No significant differences were found in MCV and RCA. Moreover, the study established no significant changes in the assessed PLR parameters between sex throughout the stress protocol. Our study revealed that acute mental stress is associated with greater PLR-parasympathetic response resulting in prolonged pupil constriction. This finding could represent the first step for understanding the effect of cognitive processing on PLR under physiological conditions, before its clinical application. Key words Pupillary light reflex " Acute mental stress " Cognitive processing " Parasympathetic nervous system " Psychophysiology.

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) is a common factor in neonatal fatalities. miR-126-3p content in cerebral hemorrhage patients is obviously decreased, but its mechanism of action in HIBD is still unclear. The HIBD model was constructed by Rice-Vannucci method, and the change in miR-126-3p was detected. The target genes of miR-126-3p were obtained by database (miRWalk, TargetScan, miRTarbase and miRDB) analysis. The targeting relationship between miR-126-3p and low density lipoprotein receptor related protein (LRP6) was explored based on a dual luciferase assay. miR-126-3p over- and lowexpressed, LRP6 overexpressed and protein kinase C (PKC) pathway agonist phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) were injected into the brains of neonatal rats. The pathological changes in cerebral tissue and neuronal survival were observed by pathological staining. The neurological function was evaluated by foot fault test and wire suspension test. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were tested by an ELISA kit. The levels of miR-126-3p, LRP6 and PKC/ERK pathway proteins were tested by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Knockdown of miR-126-3p can aggravate inflammation, brain tissue pathology and neurological impairment in HIBD, while miR-126-3p overexpression can improve it. miR-126-3p can target down-regulate LRP6. miR-126-3p can improve HIBD by down-regulating LRP6 expression and activating the PKC/ERK signaling pathway. miR-126-3p can target down-regulate LRP6 by activating the PKC/ERK signaling pathway to inhibit inflammation in HIBD rats, reduce brain tissue pathology and neurological damage, and improve HIBD. Key words miR-126-3p " LPR6 " PKC/ERK pathway " Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.

Qianrong LI1, Jin CHEN1, Xiaoyin WANG1, Lin ZHUANG1, Zhi YU1, Dan YANG1 1Department of Obstetrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China Physiol Res 2025 Mar 24;74(1):93-104. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.935474. PMID: 40126146 The authors requested to correct the name of the Ethical Committee and the Acknowledgement. Gestational diabetes induction Animal protocol was approved by Ethical Review Committee of Sichuan Laboratory Animal Society SCAF20250425001. Healthy female SD rats (180-210 g) were housed under controlled condition as per guideline. Animals were feed with high fat diet for the duration of eight-week [18], Female rats were mated with male rats by keeping them in cage at 2:1 ratio and presence of sperm in vagina confirm by observing it in microscope, the day is counted as day 0 of protocol. Later STZ (25 mg/kg) was injected i.p. after 12 h of fasting [19], blood glucose was estimated for 72 h. Rats with 200 mg/dl of blood glucose considered as GD. Acknowledgements All the author of given review thankful to Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China for providing facility to conduct presented work.

RThe mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) poses a significant global problem due to its presence in the food chain. This study aimed to investigate the intergenerational effects of FB1 on epigenetic changes and the corresponding signaling pathways in rat ovaries. Specifically, we examined the expression levels of DNA methyl-transferase (Dnmt3b) and the Pi3kK/Akt/mTOR/Ampk pathway. Virgin Wistar albino female rats were divided into control and FB1 treatment (doses of 20 and 50 mg/kg body weight/day) groups and monitored from day 6 of pregnancy until delivery. Female rats from the first (F1) and second (F2) generations were euthanized at 4 weeks of age, and their ovaries were collected. In addition to histopathological damage, there was a significant dose-dependent increase in Dnmt3b protein in the ovaries of F1 females (p=0.0022 and p<0.0001, respectively), but not in those of F2 females. Furthermore, overexpression of the PI3K gene was observed only in the high-dose FB1 group in both the F1 and F2 generations. In F2, significant gene overexpression of Akt was observed in the high-dose FB1 group, while no effect was observed in F1. Both treated groups of F1 females showed significant repression of the mTOR gene, whereas no effect was observed in F2 females. In addition, FB1 did not have a significant effect on the expression of the Ampk gene in either treatment group in either generation. We conclude that early-life exposure to FB1 may directly impact the ovarian function of female rats by altering methylation patterns and Pi3k/Akt/mTOR pathway in first- generation females. However, this effect appears to be recoverable in the second-generation females. Key words Mycotoxin " Fumonisin B1 " Epigenetic " Signaling pathway " Methylation " Ovary.