Abstract Monoclinic Bi2O3 was applied for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, as a catalyst in a process of the dye degradation by the non-thermal atmospheric pressure positive pulsating corona discharge. The research focused on the interaction of the plasma-generated species and the catalyst, as well as its role in the degradation process. Plasma decomposition of the anthraquinone reactive dye Reactive Blue 19 (RB 19) was performed by the self- made reactor system. Bi2O3 was prepared by electrodeposition followed by thermal treatment, and characterized by XRD, SEM and EDX techniques. It was observed that the catalyst promoted decomposition of plasma-generated H2O2 into •OH radicals, the principle dye-degrading reagent, which further attacked the dye molecules. The catalyst improved the decolorization rate by 2.5 times, the energy yield by 93.4%, and the total organic carbon TOC removal by 7.1%, respectively. The excitation of the catalyst mostly occurred through the strikes of plasma-generated reactive ion and radical species from the air, accelerated by the electric field, as well as by the fast electrons with the energy of up to 15 eV, generated by the streamers reaching the liquid surface. Those strikes transferred the energy to the catalyst and created the electrons and holes which further reacted with H2O2 and water, producing the •OH radicals. This was indentified as the primary role of the catalyst in this process. Decolorization reactions followed the pseudo first order kinetics. Production of H2O2 and dye degradation rate increased with the increase of input voltage. The optimal catalyst dose was 500 mg dm-3. Decolorization rate was little lower in the river water compared to the one in deionized water due to the side reactions of •OH radicals with the organic matter and inorganic ions dissolved in the river water.
{"title":"Non-thermal atmospheric pressure positive pulsating corona discharge in degradation of textile dye Reactive Blue 19 enhanced by Bi2O3 catalyst","authors":"Milica Petrović, Dragan Radivojević, Saša Rančev, Nena Velinov, Miloš Kostić, Danijela Bojić, Aleksandar Bojić","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c9a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c9a","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Monoclinic Bi2O3 was applied for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, as a catalyst in a process of the dye degradation by the non-thermal atmospheric pressure positive pulsating corona discharge. The research focused on the interaction of the plasma-generated species and the catalyst, as well as its role in the degradation process. Plasma decomposition of the anthraquinone reactive dye Reactive Blue 19 (RB 19) was performed by the self- made reactor system. Bi2O3 was prepared by electrodeposition followed by thermal treatment, and characterized by XRD, SEM and EDX techniques. It was observed that the catalyst promoted decomposition of plasma-generated H2O2 into •OH radicals, the principle dye-degrading reagent, which further attacked the dye molecules. The catalyst improved the decolorization rate by 2.5 times, the energy yield by 93.4%, and the total organic carbon TOC removal by 7.1%, respectively. The excitation of the catalyst mostly occurred through the strikes of plasma-generated reactive ion and radical species from the air, accelerated by the electric field, as well as by the fast electrons with the energy of up to 15 eV, generated by the streamers reaching the liquid surface. Those strikes transferred the energy to the catalyst and created the electrons and holes which further reacted with H2O2 and water, producing the •OH radicals. This was indentified as the primary role of the catalyst in this process. Decolorization reactions followed the pseudo first order kinetics. Production of H2O2 and dye degradation rate increased with the increase of input voltage. The optimal catalyst dose was 500 mg dm-3. Decolorization rate was little lower in the river water compared to the one in deionized water due to the side reactions of •OH radicals with the organic matter and inorganic ions dissolved in the river water.","PeriodicalId":20250,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science & Technology","volume":"20 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Plasma nitrogen fixation (PNF) has been emerging as a promising technology for greenhouse gas-free and renewable energy-based agriculture. Yet, most PNF studies seldom address practical application-specific issues. In this work, we present the development of a compact and automatic PNF system for on-site agricultural applications. The system utilized a gliding-arc discharge as the plasma source and employed a dual-loop design to generate NO x - from air and water under atmospheric conditions. Experimental results showed that the system with a dual-loop design performs well in terms of energy costs and production rates. Optimal operational parameters for the system were determined through experimentation, resulting in an energy cost of 13.9 MJ mol −1 and an energy efficiency of 16 g kWh −1 for NO 3 - production, respectively. Moreover, the concentration of exhausted NO x was below the emission standards. Soilless lettuce cultivation experiments demonstrated that NO x - produced by the PNF system could serve as liquid nitrate nitrogen fertilizer. Overall, our work demonstrates the potential of the developed PNF system for on-site application in the production of green-leaf vegetables.
等离子体固氮(PNF)已成为一种有前途的无温室气体和可再生能源农业技术。然而，大多数PNF研究很少涉及实际应用的具体问题。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个紧凑的和自动的PNF系统现场农业应用的发展。该系统利用滑动电弧放电作为等离子体源，采用双回路设计，在大气条件下从空气和水中产生NO x -。实验结果表明，采用双回路设计的系统在能源成本和生产率方面具有良好的性能。通过实验确定了该系统的最佳运行参数，该系统生产no3 -的能量成本为13.9 MJ mol−1，能量效率为16 g kWh−1。此外，排放的nox浓度低于排放标准。无土生菜栽培试验表明，PNF系统产生的NO -可以作为液态硝态氮肥料。总的来说，我们的工作证明了开发的PNF系统在绿叶蔬菜生产中的现场应用潜力。
{"title":"Plasma nitrogen fixation system with dual-loop enhancement for improved energy efficiency and its efficacy for lettuce cultivation","authors":"Zeyang Han, Mengxue Zhang, Di Zhang, Xin He, Tianjun Jing, Zhixuan Ge, Yuge Li, Zhu Tong, Yunhong Ren, Chongshan Zhong, Fang Ji","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c96","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Plasma nitrogen fixation (PNF) has been emerging as a promising technology for greenhouse gas-free and renewable energy-based agriculture. Yet, most PNF studies seldom address practical application-specific issues. In this work, we present the development of a compact and automatic PNF system for on-site agricultural applications. The system utilized a gliding-arc discharge as the plasma source and employed a dual-loop design to generate NO x - from air and water under atmospheric conditions. Experimental results showed that the system with a dual-loop design performs well in terms of energy costs and production rates. Optimal operational parameters for the system were determined through experimentation, resulting in an energy cost of 13.9 MJ mol −1 and an energy efficiency of 16 g kWh −1 for NO 3 - production, respectively. Moreover, the concentration of exhausted NO x was below the emission standards. Soilless lettuce cultivation experiments demonstrated that NO x - produced by the PNF system could serve as liquid nitrate nitrogen fertilizer. Overall, our work demonstrates the potential of the developed PNF system for on-site application in the production of green-leaf vegetables.","PeriodicalId":20250,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science & Technology","volume":"23 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c9c
Vadim Krupin, Maxim Nurgaliev, Anton Nemets, Ivan Zemtsov, Stepan Suntsov, Tatyana Myalton, Dmitriy Sergeev, Nikita Solovev, Dmitriy Sarychev, Dmitriy Ryjakov, Sergey Tugarinov, Nikolay Naumenko
Abstract Anomalous ion heat transport is analyzed in the T-10 tokamak plasma heated with electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) on second harmonic extra-ordinary mode. Predictive modeling with empirical scaling for Ohmical heat conductivity shows that in ECRH plasmas the calculated ion temperature could be overestimated, so the increase of anomalous ion heat transport is required. To study this effect two scans are presented: over the EC resonance position and over the ECRH power. EC resonance position varies from high field side to low field side by variation of toroidal magnetic field. Scan over the heating power is presented with on-axis and mixed ECRH regimes. Discharges with high anomalous ion heat transport are obtained in all considered regimes. In these discharges power balance ion heat conductivity exceeds neoclassical level up to 10 times. High ion heat transport regimes are distinguished by three parameters: T e /T i ratio, normalized electron density gradient R/L n e , and ion-ion collisionality ν ii ∗ . Combination of high T e /T i , high ν ii ∗ , and R/L n e =6-10 results in values of normalized anomalous ion heat fluxes up to 10 times higher than in low transport scenario.
摘要研究了电子回旋共振加热(ECRH)在二次谐波超常模式下加热T-10托卡马克等离子体中的异常离子热输运。基于经验标度的化学导热预测模型表明，ECRH等离子体中计算的离子温度可能被高估，因此需要增加异常离子热输运。为了研究这种影响，提出了两种扫描:EC共振位置和ECRH功率。环向磁场的变化使EC共振位置从高场侧到低场侧发生变化。对加热功率的扫描显示为轴上和混合ECRH状态。在所有考虑的状态下都获得了高异常离子热输运放电。在这些放电功率平衡中，离子热传导率超过新古典水平高达10倍。高离子热输运机制由三个参数来区分:T e /T i比、归一化电子密度梯度R/L n e和离子-离子碰撞ν ii *。高T e /T i、高ν ii *和R/L n =6-10的组合导致归一化异常离子热通量值比低输运情景高10倍。
{"title":"Ion heat transport in electron cyclotron resonance heated L-mode plasma on the T-10 tokamak","authors":"Vadim Krupin, Maxim Nurgaliev, Anton Nemets, Ivan Zemtsov, Stepan Suntsov, Tatyana Myalton, Dmitriy Sergeev, Nikita Solovev, Dmitriy Sarychev, Dmitriy Ryjakov, Sergey Tugarinov, Nikolay Naumenko","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c9c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c9c","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Anomalous ion heat transport is analyzed in the T-10 tokamak plasma heated with electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) on second harmonic extra-ordinary mode. Predictive modeling with empirical scaling for Ohmical heat conductivity shows that in ECRH plasmas the calculated ion temperature could be overestimated, so the increase of anomalous ion heat transport is required. To study this effect two scans are presented: over the EC resonance position and over the ECRH power. EC resonance position varies from high field side to low field side by variation of toroidal magnetic field. Scan over the heating power is presented with on-axis and mixed ECRH regimes. Discharges with high anomalous ion heat transport are obtained in all considered regimes. In these discharges power balance ion heat conductivity exceeds neoclassical level up to 10 times. High ion heat transport regimes are distinguished by three parameters: T e /T i ratio, normalized electron density gradient R/L n e , and ion-ion collisionality ν ii ∗ . Combination of high T e /T i , high ν ii ∗ , and R/L n e =6-10 results in values of normalized anomalous ion heat fluxes up to 10 times higher than in low transport scenario.","PeriodicalId":20250,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science & Technology","volume":"18 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c95
Yue Chen, Jikun Gao, Ting Long, Lin Nie, Jinming Gao, Yao Ma, Yuan Huang, Wenjing Tian, Yanmin Liu, Xiaodong Zhu, Ge Zhuang, Wulyu Zhong, Min Xu
Abstract A dual-route optical emission spectroscopy (D-OES) diagnostic is newly developed to monitor the optical emission from X-point plasma region on the HL-2A tokamak. This diagnostic is composed of imaging system, beam splitting system for dual-route measurements, fiber bundles, spectrometer system, control and acquisition system. One route is used to obtain wide-spectral-range spectra, and the other route is used to acquire high-wavelength-resolution line shapes. The spectral resolution of the wide-range spectrometers is 0.8 nm with a coverage of 800 nm (@200-1000 nm). The spectral resolution of the high-resolution spectrometer is 0.01 nm with a coverage of 6 nm (@200-660 nm). The spatial resolution of each route of D-OES is about 4 cm with 11 channels. The temporal resolution is 16 ms at maximum in the single-channel mode. Wide-range spectra (containing Balmer series and Fulcher band) and highly resolved H_α line shapes are obtained by D-OES in the hydrogen glow discharge in the lab. D-OES measurements are carried out in the high-density deuterium experiments of HL-2A. The electron density n_e and deuterium temperature T_D in the X-point MARFE region are derived simultaneously by fitting the measured D_α shape. The density n_e is observed to increase from ~8.7×10^18 m^(-3) to ~7.8×10^19 m^(-3) and the temperature T_D drops from ~14.4 eV to ~2.3 eV after the onset of MARFE in the discharge #38260.
{"title":"A dual-route optical emission spectroscopy diagnostic with wide spectral range and high wavelength resolution on HL-2A tokamak","authors":"Yue Chen, Jikun Gao, Ting Long, Lin Nie, Jinming Gao, Yao Ma, Yuan Huang, Wenjing Tian, Yanmin Liu, Xiaodong Zhu, Ge Zhuang, Wulyu Zhong, Min Xu","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c95","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A dual-route optical emission spectroscopy (D-OES) diagnostic is newly developed to monitor the optical emission from X-point plasma region on the HL-2A tokamak. This diagnostic is composed of imaging system, beam splitting system for dual-route measurements, fiber bundles, spectrometer system, control and acquisition system. One route is used to obtain wide-spectral-range spectra, and the other route is used to acquire high-wavelength-resolution line shapes. The spectral resolution of the wide-range spectrometers is 0.8 nm with a coverage of 800 nm (@200-1000 nm). The spectral resolution of the high-resolution spectrometer is 0.01 nm with a coverage of 6 nm (@200-660 nm). The spatial resolution of each route of D-OES is about 4 cm with 11 channels. The temporal resolution is 16 ms at maximum in the single-channel mode. Wide-range spectra (containing Balmer series and Fulcher band) and highly resolved H_α line shapes are obtained by D-OES in the hydrogen glow discharge in the lab. D-OES measurements are carried out in the high-density deuterium experiments of HL-2A. The electron density n_e and deuterium temperature T_D in the X-point MARFE region are derived simultaneously by fitting the measured D_α shape. The density n_e is observed to increase from ~8.7×10^18 m^(-3) to ~7.8×10^19 m^(-3) and the temperature T_D drops from ~14.4 eV to ~2.3 eV after the onset of MARFE in the discharge #38260.","PeriodicalId":20250,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science & Technology","volume":"25 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c9b
Yifei Liu, Jiquan Li
Abstract The impurity effects on ion temperature gradient (ITG) driven turbulence transport in tokamak core plasmas are investigated numerically via global simulations of microturbulence with carbon impurities and adiabatic electrons using extended fluid code (ExFC) based on a four-field gyro-Landau-fluid (GLF) model. The multispecies form of the normalized GLF equations guaranteeing self-consistent evolution of both bulk ions and impurities is presented. With parametric profiles of the cyclone base case (CBC), well-benchmarked ExFC is employed to perform simulations focusing on different impurity density profiles. For fixed temperature profile, it is found that the turbulent heat diffusivity of bulk ions in quasi-steady state is usually lower than that without impurity, which is contrary to the linear and quasi-linear predictions. The evolutions of the temperature gradient and heat diffusivity exhibit a fast relaxation process, indicating that the destabilization of the outwardly peaked impurity profile is a transient state response. Furthermore, the impurity effects of different profiles can obviously influence the nonlinear critical temperature gradient, which are likely to be dominated by linear effects. These results may evidence the plasma confinement improvement by the impurities probably through adjusting both heat diffusivity and critical temperature gradient.
{"title":"Gyro-Landau-fluid simulations of impurity effects on ion temperature gradient driven turbulence transport","authors":"Yifei Liu, Jiquan Li","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c9b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c9b","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The impurity effects on ion temperature gradient (ITG) driven turbulence transport in tokamak core plasmas are investigated numerically via global simulations of microturbulence with carbon impurities and adiabatic electrons using extended fluid code (ExFC) based on a four-field gyro-Landau-fluid (GLF) model. The multispecies form of the normalized GLF equations guaranteeing self-consistent evolution of both bulk ions and impurities is presented. With parametric profiles of the cyclone base case (CBC), well-benchmarked ExFC is employed to perform simulations focusing on different impurity density profiles. For fixed temperature profile, it is found that the turbulent heat diffusivity of bulk ions in quasi-steady state is usually lower than that without impurity, which is contrary to the linear and quasi-linear predictions. The evolutions of the temperature gradient and heat diffusivity exhibit a fast relaxation process, indicating that the destabilization of the outwardly peaked impurity profile is a transient state response. Furthermore, the impurity effects of different profiles can obviously influence the nonlinear critical temperature gradient, which are likely to be dominated by linear effects. These results may evidence the plasma confinement improvement by the impurities probably through adjusting both heat diffusivity and critical temperature gradient.","PeriodicalId":20250,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science & Technology","volume":"21 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Previous studies have shown that there is an obvious coupling relationship between the installation location of the external cathode and the magnetic separatrix in the plume region of Hall thruter. In this paper, the particle-in-cell simulation method is used to compare the thruster discharge process under the conditions of different position relationships between the cathode and the magnetic separatrix. By comparing the distribution of electron conduction, potential, plasma density, and other microscopic parameters, we try to explain the formation mechanism of the discharge difference. The simulation results show that the cathode inside and outside the magnetic separatrix has a significant effect on the distribution of potential and plasma density. When the cathode is located outer side of the magnetic separatrix, the potential above the plume region is relatively low, and there is a strong potential gradient above the plume region. This potential gradient is more conducive to the radial diffusion of ions above the plume, which is the main reason for the strong divergence of the plume. The distribution of ion density is also consistent with the distribution of potential. When the cathode is located outer side of the magnetic separatrix, the radial diffusion of ions in the plume region is enhanced. Meanwhile, by comparing the results of electron conduction, it is found that the trajectories of electrons emitted from the cathode are significantly different inner and outer sides of the magnetic separatrix. This is mainly because the electrons are affected by the magnetic mirror effect of the magnetic tip, which makes it difficult for the electrons to move across the magnetic separatrix. It is the main reason for the difference in potential distribution. In this paper, the simulation results of macroscopic parameters under several conditions are also compared, which are consistent with the experimental results. The cathode is located inner side of the magnetic separatrix, which can effectively reduce the plume divergence angle and improve the thrust. In this paper, the cathode moves from R = 50 mm to R = 35 mm along the radial direction, the thrust increases by 3.6 mN, and the plume divergence angle decreases by 23.77%. Combined with the comparison of the ionization region and the peak ion density, it can be found that the main reason for the change in thrust is the change in the radial diffusion of ions in the plume region.
{"title":"Influence of the position relationship between cathode and magnetic separatrix on the discharge process of Hall thruster","authors":"Xifeng Cao, Hongning Ma, Guojun Xia, Hui Liu, Fangzhou Zhao, Yuhang Wang, Juhui Chen","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c9d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c9d","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Previous studies have shown that there is an obvious coupling relationship between the installation location of the external cathode and the magnetic separatrix in the plume region of Hall thruter. In this paper, the particle-in-cell simulation method is used to compare the thruster discharge process under the conditions of different position relationships between the cathode and the magnetic separatrix. By comparing the distribution of electron conduction, potential, plasma density, and other microscopic parameters, we try to explain the formation mechanism of the discharge difference. The simulation results show that the cathode inside and outside the magnetic separatrix has a significant effect on the distribution of potential and plasma density. When the cathode is located outer side of the magnetic separatrix, the potential above the plume region is relatively low, and there is a strong potential gradient above the plume region. This potential gradient is more conducive to the radial diffusion of ions above the plume, which is the main reason for the strong divergence of the plume. The distribution of ion density is also consistent with the distribution of potential. When the cathode is located outer side of the magnetic separatrix, the radial diffusion of ions in the plume region is enhanced. Meanwhile, by comparing the results of electron conduction, it is found that the trajectories of electrons emitted from the cathode are significantly different inner and outer sides of the magnetic separatrix. This is mainly because the electrons are affected by the magnetic mirror effect of the magnetic tip, which makes it difficult for the electrons to move across the magnetic separatrix. It is the main reason for the difference in potential distribution. In this paper, the simulation results of macroscopic parameters under several conditions are also compared, which are consistent with the experimental results. The cathode is located inner side of the magnetic separatrix, which can effectively reduce the plume divergence angle and improve the thrust. In this paper, the cathode moves from R = 50 mm to R = 35 mm along the radial direction, the thrust increases by 3.6 mN, and the plume divergence angle decreases by 23.77%. Combined with the comparison of the ionization region and the peak ion density, it can be found that the main reason for the change in thrust is the change in the radial diffusion of ions in the plume region.","PeriodicalId":20250,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science & Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134953573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c97
Wanqing Su, Xiguang CAO, Chunwang Ma, Yuting WANG, Guoqiang ZHANG
Abstract Laser-accelerated high-flux-intensity heavy-ion beams are of importance for new-type accelerators. A particle-in-cell program (Smilei) is employed to simulate the entire process of SEL-100 PW laser-accelerated heavy particles using different nanoscale short targets with thickness of 100 nm Cr, Fe, Ag, Ta, Au, Pb, Th, and U, as well as thickness of 200 nm Al and Ca. An obvious stratification is observed in the simulation. The layering phenomenon is a hybrid acceleration mechanism reflecting Target Normal Sheath Acceleration and Radiation Pressure Acceleration, and this phenomenon is understood from the simulated energy spectrum, ionization, and spatial electric field distribution. According to the stratification, it is suggested that high quality of heavy-ion beams could be expected for fusion reactions to synthesize superheavy nuclei. Two plasma clusters in the stratification are observed simultaneously, which suggest new techniques for plasma experiments, as well as thinner metal targets in precision machining process.
{"title":"Multi-layer phenomena in petawatt laser-driven acceleration of heavy ions","authors":"Wanqing Su, Xiguang CAO, Chunwang Ma, Yuting WANG, Guoqiang ZHANG","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c97","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Laser-accelerated high-flux-intensity heavy-ion beams are of importance for new-type accelerators. A particle-in-cell program (Smilei) is employed to simulate the entire process of SEL-100 PW laser-accelerated heavy particles using different nanoscale short targets with thickness of 100 nm Cr, Fe, Ag, Ta, Au, Pb, Th, and U, as well as thickness of 200 nm Al and Ca. An obvious stratification is observed in the simulation. The layering phenomenon is a hybrid acceleration mechanism reflecting Target Normal Sheath Acceleration and Radiation Pressure Acceleration, and this phenomenon is understood from the simulated energy spectrum, ionization, and spatial electric field distribution. According to the stratification, it is suggested that high quality of heavy-ion beams could be expected for fusion reactions to synthesize superheavy nuclei. Two plasma clusters in the stratification are observed simultaneously, which suggest new techniques for plasma experiments, as well as thinner metal targets in precision machining process.","PeriodicalId":20250,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science & Technology","volume":"25 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Abstract In the last decades, tokamak discharges with zero total toroidal current have been reported in tokamak experiments, which is one of the most key problems in the AC operations. An efficient free-boundary equilibrium code is developed to investigate such advanced tokamak discharges with current reversal equilibrium configuration. The calculation results show that the reversal current equilibrium can maintain finite pressure, extreme high beta_{p}, and also have considerable effects on the position of the X-point, magnetic separatrix shape, and hence the position of the strike point on the divertor plates, which is extremely useful for the magnetic design, the MHD stability analysis, and the experimental data analysis etc. for the AC plasma current operation on tokamaks.
{"title":"Numerical analysis for the free-boundary current reversal equilibrium in the AC plasma current operation in Tokamak","authors":"Yemin Hu, Liuqing Wang, Shuhang Bai, Zhi Yu, Tianyang Xia","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c98","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Abstract In the last decades, tokamak discharges with zero total toroidal current have been reported in tokamak experiments, which is one of the most key problems in the AC operations. An efficient free-boundary equilibrium code is developed to investigate such advanced tokamak discharges with current reversal equilibrium configuration. The calculation results show that the reversal current equilibrium can maintain finite pressure, extreme high beta_{p}, and also have considerable effects on the position of the X-point, magnetic separatrix shape, and hence the position of the strike point on the divertor plates, which is extremely useful for the magnetic design, the MHD stability analysis, and the experimental data analysis etc. for the AC plasma current operation on tokamaks.","PeriodicalId":20250,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science & Technology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-14DOI: 10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c99
Ziqi Fang, Haohua Zong, Yun Wu, Hua Liang, Zhi Su
Abstract To improve the cruise flight performance of aircraft, two new configurations of plasma actuators (grid-type and super-dense array) were investigated to reduce the turbulent skin friction drag of a low-speed airfoil. The induced jet characteristics of the two actuators in quiescent air were diagnosed with high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV), and their drag reduction efficiencies were examined under different operating conditions in a wind tunnel. The results showed that the grid-type plasma actuator was capable of producing a wall-normal jet array (peak magnitude: 1.07 m/s) similar to that generated in a micro-blowing technique, while the super-dense array plasma actuator created a wavy wall-parallel jet (magnitude: 0.94 m/s) due to the discrete spanwise electrostatic forces. Under a comparable electrical power consumption level, the super-dense array plasma actuator array significantly outperformed the grid-type configuration, reducing the total airfoil friction drag by approximately 22% at a free-stream velocity of 20 m/s. The magnitude of drag reduction was proportional to the dimensionless jet velocity ratio (r), and a threshold r = 0.014 existed under which little impact on airfoil drag could be discerned.
{"title":"Airfoil friction drag reduction based on grid-type and super-dense array plasma actuators","authors":"Ziqi Fang, Haohua Zong, Yun Wu, Hua Liang, Zhi Su","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c99","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To improve the cruise flight performance of aircraft, two new configurations of plasma actuators (grid-type and super-dense array) were investigated to reduce the turbulent skin friction drag of a low-speed airfoil. The induced jet characteristics of the two actuators in quiescent air were diagnosed with high-speed particle image velocimetry (PIV), and their drag reduction efficiencies were examined under different operating conditions in a wind tunnel. The results showed that the grid-type plasma actuator was capable of producing a wall-normal jet array (peak magnitude: 1.07 m/s) similar to that generated in a micro-blowing technique, while the super-dense array plasma actuator created a wavy wall-parallel jet (magnitude: 0.94 m/s) due to the discrete spanwise electrostatic forces. Under a comparable electrical power consumption level, the super-dense array plasma actuator array significantly outperformed the grid-type configuration, reducing the total airfoil friction drag by approximately 22% at a free-stream velocity of 20 m/s. The magnitude of drag reduction was proportional to the dimensionless jet velocity ratio (r), and a threshold r = 0.014 existed under which little impact on airfoil drag could be discerned.","PeriodicalId":20250,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science & Technology","volume":"24 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134954035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract An E//B neutral particle analyzer (NPA) has been designed and is under development at Sichuan
University and Southwestern Institute of Physics. The main purpose of the E//B NPA is to measure the
distribution function of fast ions on HL-2A/M tokamak. The E//B NPA contains three main units, i.e.
the stripping unit, the analyzing unit and the detection unit. A gas stripping chamber was adopted as
the stripping unit. Results of the simulations and beam tests for the stripping chamber are presented.
The parallel electric and magnetic fields provided by a NdFeB permanent magnet and two parallel
electric plates were designed and constructed for the analyzing unit. The calibration of the magnetic
and electric fields was performed at the 50 kV electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS)
platform. The detection unit consists of 32 LYSO detector modules arranged in 2 rows. The response
functions of α, hydrogen ions (H+, H+2 and H+3 ) and γ for a detector module were measured with
241Am, 137Cs and 152Eu sources together with the 50 kV ECRIS platform. Overall results indicate that
the designed E//B NPA device is capable to measure the intensity of neutral hydrogen and deuteron atoms with energy higher than 20 keV.
{"title":"The research progress of an E//B neutral particle analyzer","authors":"Long Ma, Yufan Qu, Yuan Luo, Dehao Xie, Yanxi Wang, Shuo Wang, Guofeng Qu, Peipei Ren, Xiaobing Luo, Xingquan Liu, Jifeng Han, Roy Wada, Weiping Lin, Linge Zang, Jingjun Zhu","doi":"10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ad0c20","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An E//B neutral particle analyzer (NPA) has been designed and is under development at Sichuan
University and Southwestern Institute of Physics. The main purpose of the E//B NPA is to measure the
distribution function of fast ions on HL-2A/M tokamak. The E//B NPA contains three main units, i.e.
the stripping unit, the analyzing unit and the detection unit. A gas stripping chamber was adopted as
the stripping unit. Results of the simulations and beam tests for the stripping chamber are presented.
The parallel electric and magnetic fields provided by a NdFeB permanent magnet and two parallel
electric plates were designed and constructed for the analyzing unit. The calibration of the magnetic
and electric fields was performed at the 50 kV electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS)
platform. The detection unit consists of 32 LYSO detector modules arranged in 2 rows. The response
functions of α, hydrogen ions (H+, H+2 and H+3 ) and γ for a detector module were measured with
241Am, 137Cs and 152Eu sources together with the 50 kV ECRIS platform. Overall results indicate that
the designed E//B NPA device is capable to measure the intensity of neutral hydrogen and deuteron atoms with energy higher than 20 keV.","PeriodicalId":20250,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Science & Technology","volume":"57 23","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136281629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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