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“We Never Really Talked About politics”: Race and Ethnicity as Foundational Forces Structuring Information Disorder Within the Vietnamese Diaspora “我们从未真正谈论过政治”:种族和民族是造成越南侨民信息混乱的基础力量
IF 7.5 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-24 DOI: 10.1080/10584609.2023.2201940
Sarah Nguyễn, Rachel E. Moran, Trung-Anh H. Nguyen, Linh Bui
ABSTRACT This paper joins a growing effort within mis/disinformation research to better address the transnational spread of misinformation and, in particular, the impact of political mis/disinformation on historically marginalized and immigrant communities. While misinformation spreads across cultural, sociolinguistic, and geo-political contexts, it impacts communities differently according to preexisting power structures and information resources. Through focus groups with Vietnamese Americans across two generations and several geographic locations, we explore the complexities of misinformation within one such immigrant community. Findings highlight how a prevalence of intergenerational divides in political information seeking, lasting historical and political traumas of immigration, and language barriers underpin the saliency and impact of misinformation for Vietnamese Americans. Further, we explore how misinformation impacts political engagement, highlighting the consequences of misinformation at a familial and community-level. This research highlights the need for researchers of misinformation to better attend to the inequities of informational access and the vulnerabilities of already marginalized communities as targets of problematic information and information disorder.
摘要本文加入了错误信息/虚假信息研究的行列,以更好地解决错误信息的跨国传播,特别是政治错误信息/错误信息对历史上被边缘化和移民社区的影响。虽然错误信息在文化、社会语言学和地缘政治背景下传播,但根据先前存在的权力结构和信息资源,它对社区的影响不同。通过两代人和几个地理位置的越南裔美国人的焦点小组,我们探索了一个这样的移民社区中错误信息的复杂性。研究结果突显了政治信息寻求中代际分歧的普遍性、移民带来的持久历史和政治创伤以及语言障碍是如何支撑错误信息对越南裔美国人的显著性和影响的。此外,我们探讨了错误信息如何影响政治参与,强调了错误信息在家庭和社区层面的后果。这项研究强调,错误信息研究人员需要更好地关注信息获取的不公平以及已经被边缘化的社区作为问题信息和信息混乱目标的脆弱性。
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引用次数: 1
How Science Influencers Polarize Supportive and Skeptical Communities Around Politicized Science: A Cross-Platform and Over-Time Comparison 科学影响者如何在政治化的科学周围分化支持和怀疑的社区:跨平台和长期比较
IF 7.5 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-19 DOI: 10.1080/10584609.2023.2201174
Sedona Chinn, Dan Hiaeshutter-Rice, Kaiping Chen
Contention over COVID-19 is only a recent example of increasing social division around science in the U.S. Many blame these divisions on actors who have strategically sowed doubt and distrust around expert supported positions and policies. However, this overlooks how scientists have fueled narratives of social and political conflict around science. This study explores how science influencers on social media have used group identity language in ways that may perpetuate narratives of intergroup conflict around science. Using computer-assisted content analytic methods, we examine how science influencers' use of group identity language has changed in response to recent events (Trump presidency, COVID-19 pandemic) and across different social media platforms (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram). While there are slight increases in group identity language between 2016 and 2021, different patterns across platforms suggest that science influencers use different platforms to perform multiple roles of engaging diverse audiences, building ingroup solidarity, and defending against outgroup criticism. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
围绕新冠病毒的争论只是最近美国围绕科学的社会分裂加剧的一个例子,许多人将这些分歧归咎于那些在战略上对专家支持的立场和政策播下怀疑和不信任的行为者。然而,这忽略了科学家如何助长了围绕科学的社会和政治冲突的叙述。本研究探讨了社交媒体上的科学影响者如何以可能使围绕科学的群体间冲突叙事永久化的方式使用群体身份语言。使用计算机辅助内容分析方法,我们研究了科学影响者对群体身份语言的使用如何随着最近的事件(特朗普总统任期、COVID-19大流行)和不同的社交媒体平台(Twitter、Facebook、Instagram)而变化。虽然2016年至2021年期间群体认同语言略有增加,但不同平台的不同模式表明,科学影响者使用不同的平台来扮演吸引不同受众、建立群体内团结和抵御群体外批评的多重角色。©2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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引用次数: 1
Dimensions of Pandering Perceptions Among Hispanic Americans and Their Effect on Political Trust 拉美裔美国人迎合观念的维度及其对政治信任的影响
IF 7.5 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-12 DOI: 10.1080/10584609.2023.2196972
Marques G. Zárate
ABSTRACT When non-Hispanic candidates make an appeal in Spanish they are typically labeled as “Hispandering.” Some evidence has shown, however, that Hispanics have higher evaluations of candidates who make Spanish appeals, regardless of ethnicity. This paper explores how perceptions of pandering are formed among Hispanics. I expand the expectations gap literature by arguing that trait ownership and expectations are relevant for race. Given the expectation for a candidate’s ability to perform a certain appeal, perceptions of pandering will be conditioned on the candidate’s ability to exceed or fall short of those expectations. I test this idea with Spanish language appeals. I run an experiment where I randomly assign Hispanics to hear a message given by an Anglo or Hispanic candidate where the message is either in English or Spanish. I find support for the expectations gap theory. Anglo candidates, who are not expected to be able to speak Spanish can increase their perceived sincerity by speaking in grammatically correct Spanish. Meanwhile, Hispanic candidates who speak non-native-sounding Spanish have lower evaluations compared to their native-like or English-speaking counterparts. Given the low levels of political trust among Hispanics, I test the implications of perceived pandering on political trust. I run another experiment where I test whether perceiving that one politician panders has spillover effects for other candidates. I find that perceiving pandering decreases trust in that candidate but otherwise pandering had no spillover effect on other candidates’ political trust. These studies help illuminate the important dimensions of pandering perceptions.
摘要当非西班牙裔候选人用西班牙语提出上诉时,他们通常会被贴上“迎合西班牙人”的标签。然而,一些证据表明,西班牙语对提出西班牙语上诉的候选人的评价更高,无论种族如何。本文探讨了西班牙裔对迎合的看法是如何形成的。我扩展了期望差距文献,认为特质所有权和期望与种族有关。考虑到对候选人表现出某种吸引力的能力的期望,对迎合的看法将取决于候选人是否有能力超过或低于这些期望。我用西班牙语的吸引力来检验这个想法。我做了一个实验,随机分配西班牙裔听一位英语或西班牙语候选人发的信息。我找到了对期望差距理论的支持。预计不会说西班牙语的英国候选人可以用语法正确的西班牙语来提高他们的诚意。与此同时,说非母语西班牙语的西班牙裔候选人与母语或英语的候选人相比,评价较低。鉴于西班牙裔的政治信任水平较低,我测试了所谓的迎合对政治信任的影响。我做了另一个实验,测试一个政客迎合他人的感觉是否会对其他候选人产生溢出效应。我发现,感知迎合会降低对该候选人的信任,但在其他方面,迎合不会对其他候选人的政治信任产生溢出效应。这些研究有助于阐明迎合认知的重要方面。
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引用次数: 1
Politicization of Science in COVID-19 Vaccine Communication: Comparing US Politicians, Medical Experts, and Government Agencies COVID-19疫苗传播中的科学政治化:比较美国政治家、医学专家和政府机构
IF 7.5 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-10 DOI: 10.1080/10584609.2023.2201184
Alvin Zhou, Wenlin Liu, A. Yang
We compare the social media discourses on COVID-19 vaccines constructed by U.S. politicians, medical experts, and government agencies, and investigate how various contextual factors influence the likelihood of government agencies politicizing the issue. Taking the political corpus and the medical corpus as two extremes, we propose a language-based definition of politicization of science and measure it on a continuous scale. By building a machine learning classifier that captures subtle linguistic indicators of politicization and applying it to two years of government agencies' Facebook posting history, we demonstrate that: 1) U.S. politicians heavily politicized COVID-19 vaccines, medical experts conveyed minimal politicization, and government agencies' discourse was a mix of the two, yet more closely resembled medical experts;' 2) increasing COVID-19 infection rates reduced government agencies' politicization tendencies;3) government agencies in Democratic-leaning states were more likely to politicize COVID-19 vaccines than those in Republican-leaning states;and 4) the degree of politicization did not significantly differ across agencies' jurisdiction levels. We discuss the conceptualization of politicization of science, the incumbency effect, and government communication as an emerging area for political communication research. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Political Communication is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
我们比较了由美国政治家、医学专家和政府机构构建的关于COVID-19疫苗的社交媒体话语,并调查了各种背景因素如何影响政府机构将该问题政治化的可能性。本文以政治语料库和医学语料库为极端,提出了基于语言的科学政治化定义,并对其进行了连续尺度的测量。通过建立一个机器学习分类器,捕捉微妙的政治化语言指标,并将其应用于政府机构两年的Facebook帖子历史,我们证明:1)美国政客将COVID-19疫苗严重政治化,医学专家传达的政治化程度最低,政府机构的话语是两者的混合;2)增加的COVID-19感染率降低了政府机构的政治化倾向;3)倾向民主党的州的政府机构比倾向共和党的州的政府机构更有可能将COVID-19疫苗政治化;4)不同机构管辖级别的政治化程度没有显著差异。我们讨论了科学政治化的概念、在位效应和政府传播作为政治传播研究的新兴领域。《政治传播》版权归劳特利奇所有,未经版权所有者明确书面许可,其内容不得复制或通过电子邮件发送到多个网站或发布到listserv。但是,用户可以打印、下载或通过电子邮件发送文章供个人使用。这可以删节。对副本的准确性不作任何保证。用户应参阅原始出版版本的材料的完整。(版权适用于所有人。)
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引用次数: 4
Misperceptions and Minipublics: Does Endorsement of Expert Information by a Minipublic Influence Misperceptions in the Wider Public? 误解和小公众:小公众对专家信息的认可会影响广大公众的误解吗?
IF 7.5 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-09 DOI: 10.1080/10584609.2023.2200735
L. Muradova, Eileen Culloty, Jane Suiter
ABSTRACT As misperceptions undermine the factual basis for public debate, they pose a serious challenge to expert knowledge and the democratic legitimacy of public policy informed by expert evidence. In this paper, we theorize that in times of politicization and polarization of expertise, endorsement of expert information by a minipublic can serve to legitimize expert correction and render it more persuasive in the eyes of individuals. In developing our theoretical argument, we focus on the effect of a minipublic on individuals in the wider public – those who did not participate in such institutions. To test our theoretical predictions, we designed, pre-registered and fielded two experiments in the US (N = 2168) and one experiment in Ireland (N = 1125), during two different waves of COVID-19. The results show that minipublic endorsement significantly increases the uptake of expert information among (nonparticipating) citizens. Furthermore, when an expert correction explicitly asserts a scientific consensus, it is as effective as the minipublic endorsement. The findings have implications for the research on misperceptions, expertise and deliberative institutions.
由于误解破坏了公共辩论的事实基础,它们对专家知识和由专家证据提供信息的公共政策的民主合法性构成了严重挑战。本文认为,在专业知识政治化和两极分化的时代,小公众对专家信息的认可可以使专家纠正合法化,并使其在个人眼中更具说服力。在发展我们的理论论点时,我们关注的是小公众对广大公众中个人的影响——那些没有参与这种制度的人。为了验证我们的理论预测,我们在两波不同的COVID-19期间,在美国(N = 2168)和爱尔兰(N = 1125)设计、预注册和实施了两项实验。结果表明,微公众支持显著增加了(非参与)公民对专家信息的吸收。此外,当专家的纠正明确地主张科学共识时,它与小公众的认可一样有效。研究结果对误解、专业知识和审议机构的研究具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 2
Harnessing Distrust: News, Credibility Heuristics, and War in an Authoritarian Regime 驾驭不信任:威权政权中的新闻、可信度启发式和战争
IF 7.5 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-09 DOI: 10.1080/10584609.2023.2196951
Maxim Alyukov
ABSTRACT To evaluate the credibility of political information, citizens rely on simple logical rules-of-thumb or heuristics based on various resources, such as personal experience and popular wisdom. It is often assumed that contrary to dependence on the media, personal experience and popular wisdom help citizens to build alternative understandings of political events. However, little is known about how citizens use heuristics in authoritarian settings. Relying on focus groups, this study uses Russian citizens’ reception of the regime propaganda regarding Ukraine in 2016–17 as a case study to investigate the credibility heuristics of citizens living in an autocratic state during war. Deploying both qualitative and quantitative analysis of citizens’ discourse, I identify the main heuristics used to evaluate the credibility of propaganda. I show that citizens perceive regime propaganda with distrust and often rely on popular wisdom and personal experience to identify bias. However, this does not necessarily guarantee a critical attitude toward regime propaganda. Citizens use these resources to evaluate propaganda’s credibility selectively depending on their political alignment. Indeed, their reliance on personal experience and popular wisdom undermines the authority of state media in general. However, propaganda resonates with the distrust toward media and politics that permeates citizens’ experiences. As a result, the reliance on these resources for interpreting political information can amplify, rather than erode, the credibility of specific news stories. These results contribute to the understanding of both how propaganda is received and credibility heuristics are used in an authoritarian environment.
摘要为了评估政治信息的可信度,公民依赖于简单的逻辑经验法则或基于各种资源的启发法,如个人经验和大众智慧。人们通常认为,与对媒体的依赖相反,个人经验和大众智慧有助于公民对政治事件建立不同的理解。然而,人们对公民如何在独裁环境中使用启发式方法知之甚少。本研究以焦点小组为依托,以俄罗斯公民在2016-17年对乌克兰政权宣传的接受程度为个案研究,调查战争期间生活在专制国家的公民的可信度启发。通过对公民话语的定性和定量分析,我确定了用于评估宣传可信度的主要启发式方法。我表明,公民对政权宣传持不信任态度,并经常依靠大众智慧和个人经验来识别偏见。然而,这并不一定保证对政权宣传持批评态度。公民利用这些资源来评估宣传的可信度,这取决于他们的政治立场。事实上,他们对个人经验和大众智慧的依赖破坏了官方媒体的权威。然而,宣传与公民经历中弥漫的对媒体和政治的不信任产生了共鸣。因此,对这些资源解释政治信息的依赖可能会放大而不是削弱特定新闻报道的可信度。这些结果有助于理解在威权环境中如何接受宣传和使用可信度启发法。
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引用次数: 0
Destabilizing Race in Political Communication: Social Movements as Sites of Political Imagination 政治传播中的不稳定种族:作为政治想象场所的社会运动
IF 7.5 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-04-07 DOI: 10.1080/10584609.2023.2198986
Rohan Grover, Rachel Kuo
ABSTRACT How do social movement actors use consciousness-raising communicative practices to reconfigure political understandings of race? And how can such practices shape the analysis of political communication? We explore these questions by drawing on ethnographic fieldwork, semi-structured interviews, and archival materials to examine two case studies: an historical example of Grace Lee Boggs’ structural guidelines for creating a revolutionary study group in the Asian Political Alliance and a contemporary example of Equality Labs’ anti-caste political organizing by engaging across racial and caste social hierarchies. These cases illustrate the analytic value of engaging alternative theoretical frameworks of race and politics from critical ethnic studies, feminist of color scholarship, and social movements as rich sites of political theory through cultivating political consciousness in service of radical political imaginations. This article offers two main contributions to the field of political communication. First, by looking at the creative work of racial theorizing within social movements, we destabilize the limits of race as a demographic category. Second, we demonstrate the analytic value of studying political education and consciousness-raising as communicative practices that emphasize relational reconfigurations of race. This article recasts racial political discourse from public opinion and campaign messaging measured quantitatively to political imaginations that must be interpreted within historical and material contexts. As our cases demonstrate, centering the shifting category of race within movement building opens up the field of political communication to the communicative processes of consciousness-building and also offers dynamic understandings of race and racialization.
摘要:社会运动参与者如何利用提高意识的交流实践来重新配置对种族的政治理解?这种做法如何影响对政治传播的分析?我们通过民族志田野调查、半结构化访谈、,以及档案材料,以审查两个案例研究:一个是Grace Lee Boggs在亚洲政治联盟中创建革命研究小组的结构指导方针的历史例子,另一个是平等实验室通过跨种族和种姓社会等级参与反种姓政治组织的当代例子。这些案例说明了通过培养为激进政治想象服务的政治意识,将批判性种族研究、有色人种女权主义学术和社会运动中的种族和政治替代理论框架作为丰富的政治理论场所的分析价值。这篇文章为政治传播领域提供了两个主要贡献。首先,通过观察社会运动中种族理论的创造性工作,我们破坏了种族作为一个人口类别的局限性。其次,我们展示了研究政治教育和意识培养作为强调种族关系重构的交际实践的分析价值。本文将种族政治话语从定量衡量的公众舆论和竞选信息重塑为必须在历史和物质背景下解释的政治想象。正如我们的案例所表明的那样,在运动建设中以不断变化的种族类别为中心,为意识建设的沟通过程开辟了政治沟通领域,也提供了对种族和种族化的动态理解。
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引用次数: 1
Don’t Make My Entertainment Political! Social Media Responses to Narratives of Racial Duty on Competitive Reality Television Series 别让我的娱乐政治化!社交媒体对竞争性真人秀节目中种族责任叙事的反应
IF 7.5 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-30 DOI: 10.1080/10584609.2023.2195365
M. B. Harbin
ABSTRACT To what extent should scholars view competitive reality television series as a politically relevant medium for transmitting messages about race, racial identity, and politics in the United States? Cultivation theory argues that the depiction of social issues and groups on television influences how individuals perceive the world around them. Drawing on this theory, I argue that the increasingly diverse casts of American competitive reality series are a heretofore underexplored site for studying the transmission of narratives related to race and racial justice to ostensibly unsuspecting American television audiences. In this article, I analyze viewers’ reactions to Black contestants discussing their feelings of racialized social obligations when playing the game – what I refer to as narratives of racial duty. Employing a sentiment analysis as well as an inductive thematic content analysis of tweets reacting to four episodes from the 41st season of Survivor, I found that audience members overwhelmingly reacted negatively to embedding narratives of racial duty into the series. Specifically, they described the season as too political – the worst in the show’s history – and even vowed to stop watching. These findings suggest that broadcasting exemplars who challenge prevailing narratives of racial progress may stoke feelings of racial backlash that could ultimately prompt individuals to tune out of these entertainment programs at best, and stoke racial discord at worst. Thus, I conclude that bringing race to the center of communication research offers scholars in both traditions a new vantage point for studying trends in American racial attitudes.
在多大程度上,学者们应该将竞争性真人秀电视连续剧视为一种与政治相关的媒介,在美国传播有关种族、种族认同和政治的信息?培养理论认为,电视上对社会问题和群体的描述会影响个人对周围世界的感知。根据这一理论,我认为,美国竞争真人秀系列中日益多样化的演员阵容是一个迄今为止尚未被充分探索的领域,可以用来研究与种族和种族正义有关的叙事向表面上毫无防备的美国电视观众传播。在这篇文章中,我分析了观众对黑人选手讨论他们在玩游戏时对种族化的社会义务的感受的反应——我称之为种族责任的叙述。通过对《幸存者》第41季四集的推文反应进行情感分析和归纳主题内容分析,我发现绝大多数观众对在剧中嵌入种族责任叙事的反应是负面的。具体来说,他们形容这一季过于政治化——是本剧历史上最糟糕的一季——甚至发誓要停止观看。这些发现表明,挑战主流种族进步叙事的广播典范可能会引发种族反弹情绪,最终可能促使个人远离这些娱乐节目,最坏的情况是引发种族不和。因此,我的结论是,将种族问题置于传播研究的中心,为两种传统的学者研究美国种族态度的趋势提供了一个新的有利条件。
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引用次数: 2
Farewell to Big Data? Studying Misinformation in Mobile Messaging Applications 告别大数据?研究移动消息应用程序中的错误信息
IF 7.5 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.1080/10584609.2023.2193563
Patrícia Rossini
Published in Political Communication (Vol. 40, No. 3, 2023)
《政治传播》(第40卷第3期,2023年)
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引用次数: 4
#politicalcommunicationsowhite: Race and Politics in Nine Communication Journals, 1991-2021 #politicalcommunicationsowhite:种族与政治在九个传播期刊,1991-2021
IF 7.5 1区 社会学 Q1 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1080/10584609.2023.2192187
Deen Freelon, Meredith L. Pruden, Daniel Malmer
ABSTRACT Race has been a consequential factor in politics for centuries, yet our review of the political communication literature finds only sporadic interest in the topic. To examine systematically how and how much political communication research has addressed race, we analyze author-supplied keywords in nine journals within three broad categories (political communication, generalist communication, and critical communication) over 31 years. Combining computational methods and traditional content analysis, we find that political communication and generalist journals engaged with race substantially less than critical journals, and that this level of engagement has remained essentially flat since the mid-1990s. Political communication journals discussed racism least among the three journal types, and specific political communication theories appeared rarely across the board. Finally, addressing race did not predict journal impact factor.
几个世纪以来,种族一直是政治中的一个重要因素,然而我们对政治传播文献的回顾发现,对这个话题的兴趣只是零星的。为了系统地检查政治传播研究如何以及在多大程度上解决了种族问题,我们分析了31年来作者在三大类(政治传播、通才传播和批判传播)中的九种期刊上提供的关键词。结合计算方法和传统的内容分析,我们发现政治传播和通才期刊对种族的关注远远少于批判性期刊,而且这种关注水平自20世纪90年代中期以来基本保持不变。在三种期刊类型中,政治传播期刊对种族主义的讨论最少,具体的政治传播理论也很少全面出现。最后,种族并不能预测期刊影响因子。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Political Communication
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