Pub Date : 2018-02-19DOI: 10.17951/PJSS.2018.51.1.11
M. Dzięgielewska, A. Skwiercz
Original research confirms a significant impact of abiotic factors, such as soil type and physicochemical properties, on the biological activity and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes from the Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae families. Nematodes were found to prefer sandy loam soils; however, the highest species diversity was found in sandy soils. Some species of nematodes were associated with a specific type of soil. For example, Steinernema silvaticum and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were found only in sands, and H. megidis predominantly in clay. Nematodes were found in soils of varying pH levels, although individual species preferred a certain degree of acidity. S. bicornutum and H. megidis were found only in alkaline soils, while others, such as S. silvaticum, only in acidic environments (pH<4.5).
{"title":"The influence of selected abiotic factors on the occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) in soil.","authors":"M. Dzięgielewska, A. Skwiercz","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2018.51.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2018.51.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Original research confirms a significant impact of abiotic factors, such as soil type and physicochemical properties, on the biological activity and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes from the Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae families. Nematodes were found to prefer sandy loam soils; however, the highest species diversity was found in sandy soils. Some species of nematodes were associated with a specific type of soil. For example, Steinernema silvaticum and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were found only in sands, and H. megidis predominantly in clay. Nematodes were found in soils of varying pH levels, although individual species preferred a certain degree of acidity. S. bicornutum and H. megidis were found only in alkaline soils, while others, such as S. silvaticum, only in acidic environments (pH<4.5).","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"11-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47195302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-19DOI: 10.17951/PJSS.2018.51.1.1
A. Siwik-Ziomek, J. Koper
To study the effects of anthropogenic salinity-sodicity on dehydrogenase (DHA) and catalase (CAT) activity in soil, samples were collected from the Ciech Soda Polska S.A. Plant in Inowroclaw. The soils closest to the plant were assayed to determine pH, electrical conductivity(EC1:5), and enzymes activity. The soil resistance (RS) and resilience (RL) indices were computed. The soil was sampled in July and October 2015 from the plant area not covered by the recultivation treatments (locations no 1, 2, 3, 4) and the locations where the agrotechnical soil recultivation was performed (5, 6). The successive soil sampling locations (7, 8) were located in the vicinity of the plant, while the control (point 9) – beyond the impact of the plant. Soil was sampled from the depth of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm. To compare the activity of the oxydoreductases sampled from various locations, indices were calculated to facilitate estimation of both soil processes degradation and recultivation. It has been observed that the highest value of pHKCl and electrical conductivity increased the CAT and inhibited the DH activity. RS values for the dehydrogenase activity closed to 0 for the soil from stands in the vicinity of the plant, meaning the effect of saline on soil not only in places of stored post-soda sludge, but also in the area near the Ciech Soda Polska S.A. The highest value of soil catalase RL in location no 5, 0–20 cm deep, from recultivation area suggests a correct recultivation.
为了研究人为盐度对土壤中脱氢酶（DHA）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的影响，从Inowroclaw的Ciech Soda Polska美国工厂采集了样品。测定最接近植物的土壤的pH值、电导率（EC1:5）和酶活性。计算了土壤阻力（RS）和回弹性（RL）指标。土壤于2015年7月和10月从未进行复育处理的厂区（1、2、3、4号地点）和进行农业技术土壤复育的地点（5、6）取样。连续的土壤采样点（7、8）位于植物附近，而对照点（9点）则位于植物影响之外。从0–20 cm和20–40 cm的深度对土壤进行取样。为了比较从不同位置取样的氧化还原酶的活性，计算了指数，以便于估计土壤过程退化和再耕种。已经观察到，pHKCl和电导率的最高值增加了CAT并抑制了DH活性。植物附近林分土壤的脱氢酶活性RS值接近0，这意味着盐水不仅对储存的足后污泥的土壤产生影响，而且对Ciech soda Polska美国附近区域的土壤也产生影响。在5号位置，0–20 cm深，来自复育区的土壤过氧化氢酶RL的最高值表明进行了正确的复育。
{"title":"Changes in oxidoreductases activity in anthropogenic salty soils","authors":"A. Siwik-Ziomek, J. Koper","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2018.51.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2018.51.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"To study the effects of anthropogenic salinity-sodicity on dehydrogenase (DHA) and catalase (CAT) activity in soil, samples were collected from the Ciech Soda Polska S.A. Plant in Inowroclaw. The soils closest to the plant were assayed to determine pH, electrical conductivity(EC1:5), and enzymes activity. The soil resistance (RS) and resilience (RL) indices were computed. The soil was sampled in July and October 2015 from the plant area not covered by the recultivation treatments (locations no 1, 2, 3, 4) and the locations where the agrotechnical soil recultivation was performed (5, 6). The successive soil sampling locations (7, 8) were located in the vicinity of the plant, while the control (point 9) – beyond the impact of the plant. Soil was sampled from the depth of 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm. To compare the activity of the oxydoreductases sampled from various locations, indices were calculated to facilitate estimation of both soil processes degradation and recultivation. It has been observed that the highest value of pHKCl and electrical conductivity increased the CAT and inhibited the DH activity. RS values for the dehydrogenase activity closed to 0 for the soil from stands in the vicinity of the plant, meaning the effect of saline on soil not only in places of stored post-soda sludge, but also in the area near the Ciech Soda Polska S.A. The highest value of soil catalase RL in location no 5, 0–20 cm deep, from recultivation area suggests a correct recultivation.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45992886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-15DOI: 10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.131
T. Tomaszewicz, J. Chudecka, R. Gamrat, S. Stankowski
The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness as a forest habitat, the technogenic soils developed by applying overlays containing organic matter in the waste substances, onto the layer of black coal ash. Properties of these soils, located in the power plant “Dolna Odra” in Nowe Czarnowo (West-Pomeranian province), were studied in 2015, i.e. 13 years after founding the experiment upon the use of waste materials in soilless land reclamation. Analysis required samples from the ash overlays and bottoms of the soils, in which applying methods commonly used in soil science, following properties were determined to enable calculation of the indicators used in the evaluation: forest soil trophism index (FSTI), soil site index (SSI), and mine soil quality index (MSQI). Values of FSTI allowed for classify studied soils as forest habitats, values of SSI as mixed forests and forest habitats, and values of MSQI as mixed forest habitats.
{"title":"Suitability of soils developed on the basis of black coal ash as a forest habitat","authors":"T. Tomaszewicz, J. Chudecka, R. Gamrat, S. Stankowski","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.131","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness as a forest habitat, the technogenic soils developed by applying overlays containing organic matter in the waste substances, onto the layer of black coal ash. Properties of these soils, located in the power plant “Dolna Odra” in Nowe Czarnowo (West-Pomeranian province), were studied in 2015, i.e. 13 years after founding the experiment upon the use of waste materials in soilless land reclamation. Analysis required samples from the ash overlays and bottoms of the soils, in which applying methods commonly used in soil science, following properties were determined to enable calculation of the indicators used in the evaluation: forest soil trophism index (FSTI), soil site index (SSI), and mine soil quality index (MSQI). Values of FSTI allowed for classify studied soils as forest habitats, values of SSI as mixed forests and forest habitats, and values of MSQI as mixed forest habitats.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47775306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-15DOI: 10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.249
A. Abojassim
Soil samples were collected at Al-Najaf governorate, Iraq and assessed for radon concentrations using CN-85 detector and uranium concentrations using CN-85 and CR-39 detectors. Also, Some radiation parameters due to radon concentrations were calculated. Radon concentrations were varied from (506.84) Bq/m 3 to (1194.69) Bq/m 3 with an average of (894.21±77.80) Bq/m 3 , while the radium content were varied from (77.19) Bq/kg to (181.95) Bq/kg with an average (136.18±11.84) Bq/kg. The average values of the rate of radon exhalation in term of mass, in term of area and the soil radon concentration contributing to indoor radon activity were (1.01±0.08) Bq/kg.h, (4.56±0.39) Bq/m 2 .h and (18.24±1.58) Bq/m 3 respectively. Also it is found that the average value of effective dose equivalent, annual effective dose and absorbed dose in soft tissues and in lungs were (0.084±0.007) WLM/y, (0.574±0.050)mSv/y, (0.090±0.007) nGy/h and (0.729±0.063) nGy/h respectively. Among other things, uranium concentration using CN-85 and CR-39 detectors were varied from (0.85) ppm to (2.0) with an average (1.5±0.13) ppm and from (1.16) ppm to (2.17) with an average (1.5±0.13) ppm respectively. The correlation between the contributing of radon to indoor with radium content and uranium concentrations with two detectors (CN-85 and CR-39) in clear. Finally, the values of radon concentrations, radium content, radon exhalation rate in term of area, annual effective dose and uranium concentrations in soil samples in the present study were below limits the world average, so can be consider according results the area under study does not pose risk to human health.
{"title":"Alpha Particles Concentrations from Soil Samples of Al-Najaf/ Iraq","authors":"A. Abojassim","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.249","url":null,"abstract":"Soil samples were collected at Al-Najaf governorate, Iraq and assessed for radon concentrations using CN-85 detector and uranium concentrations using CN-85 and CR-39 detectors. Also, Some radiation parameters due to radon concentrations were calculated. Radon concentrations were varied from (506.84) Bq/m 3 to (1194.69) Bq/m 3 with an average of (894.21±77.80) Bq/m 3 , while the radium content were varied from (77.19) Bq/kg to (181.95) Bq/kg with an average (136.18±11.84) Bq/kg. The average values of the rate of radon exhalation in term of mass, in term of area and the soil radon concentration contributing to indoor radon activity were (1.01±0.08) Bq/kg.h, (4.56±0.39) Bq/m 2 .h and (18.24±1.58) Bq/m 3 respectively. Also it is found that the average value of effective dose equivalent, annual effective dose and absorbed dose in soft tissues and in lungs were (0.084±0.007) WLM/y, (0.574±0.050)mSv/y, (0.090±0.007) nGy/h and (0.729±0.063) nGy/h respectively. Among other things, uranium concentration using CN-85 and CR-39 detectors were varied from (0.85) ppm to (2.0) with an average (1.5±0.13) ppm and from (1.16) ppm to (2.17) with an average (1.5±0.13) ppm respectively. The correlation between the contributing of radon to indoor with radium content and uranium concentrations with two detectors (CN-85 and CR-39) in clear. Finally, the values of radon concentrations, radium content, radon exhalation rate in term of area, annual effective dose and uranium concentrations in soil samples in the present study were below limits the world average, so can be consider according results the area under study does not pose risk to human health.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48170119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we investigate using of probit analysis for heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni) toxicity assessment for spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in sod podzolic sandy loam and chernozem soils. Estimation of the heavy metals phytotoxicity by means of PhLD50 value was suggested. The PhLD50 value is a doze of metal in soil that causes 50% reduction of plant biomass (mg·kg-1). According to PhLD50 value, metals can be ranked by the effect on biomass reduction as: Cd>Cu>Ni>Co>Pb>Zn (sod podzolic soil) and Cd>Cu>Ni>Co>Zn>Pb (chernozem soil). Results of the study could be useful indicators of Cu, Ni, Co, Cd, Pb and Zn phytotoxicity assessment at the growing of Hordeum vulgare (L.) in heavy metals contaminated areas. The PhLD50 value demonstrates the comparative toxicity of metals. Tight correlation between studied metals phytotoxicity for plants of spring barley and polarity shift caused by adding to organic matrix – diphenilthiocarbazone (ditizone) for studied metals was observed. This approach may be prominent for metals risk assessment. This work is an attempt to extend our investigations on correlation and methods of polarity assessment and ecotoxicological risk of different groups of contaminants.
{"title":"Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Co, Ni phytotoxicity assessment","authors":"Nataliia Ryzhenko, Sergiy Volodymyrovich Kavetsky, Volodimir Mycolayovich Kavetsky","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.197","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate using of probit analysis for heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni) toxicity assessment for spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in sod podzolic sandy loam and chernozem soils. Estimation of the heavy metals phytotoxicity by means of PhLD50 value was suggested. The PhLD50 value is a doze of metal in soil that causes 50% reduction of plant biomass (mg·kg-1). According to PhLD50 value, metals can be ranked by the effect on biomass reduction as: Cd>Cu>Ni>Co>Pb>Zn (sod podzolic soil) and Cd>Cu>Ni>Co>Zn>Pb (chernozem soil). Results of the study could be useful indicators of Cu, Ni, Co, Cd, Pb and Zn phytotoxicity assessment at the growing of Hordeum vulgare (L.) in heavy metals contaminated areas. The PhLD50 value demonstrates the comparative toxicity of metals. Tight correlation between studied metals phytotoxicity for plants of spring barley and polarity shift caused by adding to organic matrix – diphenilthiocarbazone (ditizone) for studied metals was observed. This approach may be prominent for metals risk assessment. This work is an attempt to extend our investigations on correlation and methods of polarity assessment and ecotoxicological risk of different groups of contaminants.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47043871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-15DOI: 10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.237
A. Bogacz
The aim of the study was to assess the impact of long-term drainage on the morphology and selected properties of shallow peatland soils in microrelief. The study was conducted within strongly drained peatland (Dlugie Mokradlo bog) located on elevated plateau in the Central Sudetes. The study area is covered by spruce stands introduced by man. Long-term drainage has changed morphology of study soils which were classified as Ombric Fibric Dystric Histosols or Histic Dystric Gleysols. Some peat horizons were strongly silted. The depth of organic materials varied within the range 30-55 cm. Peat humification process showed greater - activity in surface horizons, than in a deeper ones. This phenomenon were especially visible in the shallow places in drainage ditches. Soil reaction was strongly acidic. In soil horizons in old drainage ditches higher values of effective cation exchange capacity (CECe) were recorded, whereas base saturation (BS) did not exceed 20%.
{"title":"The effect of long-term peatlands drainage on the properties of soils in microrelief in the Długie Mokradło bog (Central Sudetes – SW Poland)","authors":"A. Bogacz","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.237","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to assess the impact of long-term drainage on the morphology and selected properties of shallow peatland soils in microrelief. The study was conducted within strongly drained peatland (Dlugie Mokradlo bog) located on elevated plateau in the Central Sudetes. The study area is covered by spruce stands introduced by man. Long-term drainage has changed morphology of study soils which were classified as Ombric Fibric Dystric Histosols or Histic Dystric Gleysols. Some peat horizons were strongly silted. The depth of organic materials varied within the range 30-55 cm. Peat humification process showed greater - activity in surface horizons, than in a deeper ones. This phenomenon were especially visible in the shallow places in drainage ditches. Soil reaction was strongly acidic. In soil horizons in old drainage ditches higher values of effective cation exchange capacity (CECe) were recorded, whereas base saturation (BS) did not exceed 20%.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48109209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-15DOI: 10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.189
A. Telesiński, B. Pawłowska, R. Biczak, J. Pater
The aim of the research was to compare the effects of four to quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) with iodine anion: tetramethylammonium iodine [TMA][I], tetraethylammonium iodine [TEA][I], tetrapropylammonium iodine [TEA][I], tetrabutylammonium iodine [TBA][I]. The experiment was carried out on sandy clay loam samples with organic carbon content of 33.82 g·kg -1 , and pH in 1 M KCl 7.13. QAS were added to soil at the dosages of: 0, 10, 100, and 1000 mg · kg -1 . Activity of dehydrogenases was assayed on days: 1, 14, 35, and 70. Obtained results have shown that the soil treatment with quaternary ammonium salts with iodine anion caused decrease in activity of dehydrogenases. This inhibition increased with increase of QAS dosages, and increase with alkyl chains in cations. Analysis of variance η 2 indicated, that type of QAS had the biggest impact on formation of activity of dehydrogenases in soil.
{"title":"Activity of dehydrogenases in clay soil exposed to quaternary ammonium salts with iodine anion","authors":"A. Telesiński, B. Pawłowska, R. Biczak, J. Pater","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.189","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research was to compare the effects of four to quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) with iodine anion: tetramethylammonium iodine [TMA][I], tetraethylammonium iodine [TEA][I], tetrapropylammonium iodine [TEA][I], tetrabutylammonium iodine [TBA][I]. The experiment was carried out on sandy clay loam samples with organic carbon content of 33.82 g·kg -1 , and pH in 1 M KCl 7.13. QAS were added to soil at the dosages of: 0, 10, 100, and 1000 mg · kg -1 . Activity of dehydrogenases was assayed on days: 1, 14, 35, and 70. Obtained results have shown that the soil treatment with quaternary ammonium salts with iodine anion caused decrease in activity of dehydrogenases. This inhibition increased with increase of QAS dosages, and increase with alkyl chains in cations. Analysis of variance η 2 indicated, that type of QAS had the biggest impact on formation of activity of dehydrogenases in soil.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44190019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-15DOI: 10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.265
M. Stępień, D. Gozdowski, Elżbieta Bodecka, Joanna Groszyk, J. Rozbicki, S. Samborski
The purpose of the study was to verify the possibility of creation of reliable soil texture class (STC) maps of a topsoil based on a linear calibration of shallow (0-30cm) soil electrical conductivity (ECsh) with small datasets of soil samples with laboratory determined STC . ECsh values were calibrated against four datasets of soil samples . The smallest datasets (5-6 soil samples per field) were selected: 1) in an arbitrary way; or 2) based on the quartiles of ECsh values. A dataset of an intermediate size (11-17 points) and a full dataset of all ST data available (33-38 points) were also tested. For one field, the calibration with ECsh quartiles produced STC maps with greater agreement with field's status than the complete dataset of laboratory results. Although, the root mean square errors and mean absolute errors were greater for quartiles than for the other datasets. The ECsh values depended on the content of fine soil (<2 mm) fractions to a depth of 90 cm, so ECsh measurements are efficient in mapping the topsoil texture of fields with relatively uniform texture in subsoil. The datasets, which produced lower values of errors did not always permit to prepare more accurate STC maps.
{"title":"Topsoil texture maps based on calibration of soil electrical conductivity with soil datasets varying in size","authors":"M. Stępień, D. Gozdowski, Elżbieta Bodecka, Joanna Groszyk, J. Rozbicki, S. Samborski","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.265","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to verify the possibility of creation of reliable soil texture class (STC) maps of a topsoil based on a linear calibration of shallow (0-30cm) soil electrical conductivity (ECsh) with small datasets of soil samples with laboratory determined STC . ECsh values were calibrated against four datasets of soil samples . The smallest datasets (5-6 soil samples per field) were selected: 1) in an arbitrary way; or 2) based on the quartiles of ECsh values. A dataset of an intermediate size (11-17 points) and a full dataset of all ST data available (33-38 points) were also tested. For one field, the calibration with ECsh quartiles produced STC maps with greater agreement with field's status than the complete dataset of laboratory results. Although, the root mean square errors and mean absolute errors were greater for quartiles than for the other datasets. The ECsh values depended on the content of fine soil (<2 mm) fractions to a depth of 90 cm, so ECsh measurements are efficient in mapping the topsoil texture of fields with relatively uniform texture in subsoil. The datasets, which produced lower values of errors did not always permit to prepare more accurate STC maps.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"265"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48349455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-15DOI: 10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.167
Z. Kaczmarek, B. Glina
In this paper we presents the characteristics of selected physical and water properties of four arable soils situated within the range of the predicted depression cone of “Tomislawice” lignite open-cast mine. In the sampled soil material of undisturbed and disturbed structure following properties were determined: texture, particle density, bulk density, total porosity, hygroscopic moistures, maximal hygroscopic capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, potentials of water bonding in soil, total and readily available waters, total retention in the soil layers of 0-50 and 0-100 cm, drainage porosity and content of organic matter. Study soils were developed from sands, sandy loams and sapric peat material. All of the analyzed soil properties were determined by clay fraction or organic matter content in particular. In the most of the investigated soils high field water capacity and wide scopes of total and readily available water were recorded. Measured saturated hydraulic conductivity was typical for arable soils with similar origin. Study soils showed a precipitation water regime and probably won’t be exposed to drainage degradation caused by open-cast mine.
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Pub Date : 2018-01-15DOI: 10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.217
W. Tołoczko, A. Niewiadomski
The article describes the results of field studies carried out in the period from April 2013 to May 2014. The study concerned the assessment of the magnitude of CO 2 emissions from marsh soils in the area of Czerwone Bagno (Red Swamp), which is a part of the largest complex of marsh in Poland. The authors used the closed chamber method to measure seasonal variability of net ecosystem CO 2 emission and drew attention to the impact of environmental factors (air temperature, air pressure and soil moisture) on it. The highest values of average daily CO 2 emission (over 630 mg(CO2)×m –2 ×h –1 ) were recorded in late spring and summer. Lowest values were obtained in late autumn and winter (in the range of 178-212 mg(CO2)×m –2 ×h –1 ). The need for monitoring of wetlands in temperate latitudes is stressed due to the progressive process of wetlands drying which enables the release of large quantities of greenhouse gases – CO 2 , CH 4 – into the atmosphere.
{"title":"Seasonal and daily variability of CO2 emissions from the Czerwone Bagno peat bog in Biebrza National Park (Poland)","authors":"W. Tołoczko, A. Niewiadomski","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.217","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the results of field studies carried out in the period from April 2013 to May 2014. The study concerned the assessment of the magnitude of CO 2 emissions from marsh soils in the area of Czerwone Bagno (Red Swamp), which is a part of the largest complex of marsh in Poland. The authors used the closed chamber method to measure seasonal variability of net ecosystem CO 2 emission and drew attention to the impact of environmental factors (air temperature, air pressure and soil moisture) on it. The highest values of average daily CO 2 emission (over 630 mg(CO2)×m –2 ×h –1 ) were recorded in late spring and summer. Lowest values were obtained in late autumn and winter (in the range of 178-212 mg(CO2)×m –2 ×h –1 ). The need for monitoring of wetlands in temperate latitudes is stressed due to the progressive process of wetlands drying which enables the release of large quantities of greenhouse gases – CO 2 , CH 4 – into the atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47125478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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