Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.55
Khalid Fathi Ubeid, K. Ramadan
Determination of natural radioactivity has been carried out in surface and core agricultural soil samples collected from various sites in the Middle Governorate – Gaza Strip, Palestine. Mechanical and chemical analysis has been done to determine soil characteristics. Radon activity concentration measurements were carried out using solid state nuclear tracks detectors, Cr-39. The mechanical analysis results show that they belong to two classes, sandy loam and loamy sand. The sandy loam soil was observed in the eastern side of the study area, whereas the loamy sand was observed in western and middle parts. The radon concentration levels were higher in core samples and were proportionate to the soil depth. Also they were higher in sandy loam than loamy sand soil samples. The radon concentration levels had a positive correlation with fine grains (clay- to silt-size) of soil sample which translocated from upper to lower horizons of soil during its development. Additionally, there was a positive correlation with pH and water content, whereas a negative correlation was observed with organic matter and potassium contents. The positive correlation referred to a large specific surface of fine grains which were located in lower horizons of soil and were able to adsorb more water and consequently led to high radon concentration levels.
{"title":"Soil types and their relations with radon concentration levels in Middle Governorate of Gaza Strip, Palestine","authors":"Khalid Fathi Ubeid, K. Ramadan","doi":"10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.55","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of natural radioactivity has been carried out in surface and core agricultural soil samples collected from various sites in the Middle Governorate – Gaza Strip, Palestine. Mechanical and chemical analysis has been done to determine soil characteristics. Radon activity concentration measurements were carried out using solid state nuclear tracks detectors, Cr-39. The mechanical analysis results show that they belong to two classes, sandy loam and loamy sand. The sandy loam soil was observed in the eastern side of the study area, whereas the loamy sand was observed in western and middle parts. The radon concentration levels were higher in core samples and were proportionate to the soil depth. Also they were higher in sandy loam than loamy sand soil samples. The radon concentration levels had a positive correlation with fine grains (clay- to silt-size) of soil sample which translocated from upper to lower horizons of soil during its development. Additionally, there was a positive correlation with pH and water content, whereas a negative correlation was observed with organic matter and potassium contents. The positive correlation referred to a large specific surface of fine grains which were located in lower horizons of soil and were able to adsorb more water and consequently led to high radon concentration levels.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42882610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.149
Adel Ghoneim, et al.
Understanding of P transformations following organic amendments addition to highly calcareous soils is necessary for developing better management practices that can help enhance P fertilizer use efficiency. Phosphorus solubility and availability for plant uptake under the conditions of arid calcareous soil is very low, making P nutrient supply a critical issue under these conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of various types of organic amendments (chicken compost, cow compost and a mixture of humic-fulvic acid) applied alone at different rates of KH2PO4 fertilizer on P fractions in calcareous soil using the sequential chemical extraction method. Amended calcareous soil was incubated under laboratory conditions and soil samples were collected at 0, 4, 8 and 16 weeks of the incubation periods. Soil was sequentially extracted and analyzed for P different fractions. The results indicated that the addition of chicken and cow compost increased soluble and exchangeable-P and Ca-P fractions in calcareous soil and the increases depend on application rates. The results indicated that combination of chicken and cow compost with different KH2PO4 fertilizer application rates increased the concentration of soluble and exchangeable-P in the soil compared to organic amendments or KH2PO4 fertilizer applied alone. The P associated with Ca was the dominant P fractions in soil, ranging between 51 to 59% regardless of the different treatment and the period of incubations. The Al- and Fe-associated P fractions varied between 2 and 9%, with the maximum value being observed at the eighth week of incubation. The residual-P fraction ranged between 5 and 22% at different incubation periods.
{"title":"Soil phosphorus fractionation in calcareous soil as affected by organic amendments application","authors":"Adel Ghoneim, et al.","doi":"10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.149","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding of P transformations following organic amendments addition to highly calcareous soils is necessary for developing better management practices that can help enhance P fertilizer use efficiency. Phosphorus solubility and availability for plant uptake under the conditions of arid calcareous soil is very low, making P nutrient supply a critical issue under these conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of various types of organic amendments (chicken compost, cow compost and a mixture of humic-fulvic acid) applied alone at different rates of KH2PO4 fertilizer on P fractions in calcareous soil using the sequential chemical extraction method. Amended calcareous soil was incubated under laboratory conditions and soil samples were collected at 0, 4, 8 and 16 weeks of the incubation periods. Soil was sequentially extracted and analyzed for P different fractions. The results indicated that the addition of chicken and cow compost increased soluble and exchangeable-P and Ca-P fractions in calcareous soil and the increases depend on application rates. The results indicated that combination of chicken and cow compost with different KH2PO4 fertilizer application rates increased the concentration of soluble and exchangeable-P in the soil compared to organic amendments or KH2PO4 fertilizer applied alone. The P associated with Ca was the dominant P fractions in soil, ranging between 51 to 59% regardless of the different treatment and the period of incubations. The Al- and Fe-associated P fractions varied between 2 and 9%, with the maximum value being observed at the eighth week of incubation. The residual-P fraction ranged between 5 and 22% at different incubation periods.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44191612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.81
H. Haryuni, Hesti Wirawati, S. Minardi, S. Supriyadi
Soil quality is a measure of the condition of soil. The goal of sustainable agriculture is to maintain a non-negative trend in productivity while maintaining soil quality. Susukan is an area in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, which has developed organic farming to increase rice productivity and quality. The main objective was to determine the sustainability of organic rice cropping systems. The organic farming system at the research location has been conducted for 8 years. Appropriate agricultural management can maintain the quality of soil, environment and improve the health of plants, animals and humans. This research aims to know the soil quality and determine the minimum data set (MDS) in organic and non-organic paddy field with a technical irrigation system. Paddy soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory. The parameters are porosity, permeability, hydrogen potential (pH), cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic matter (SOC), total-N (nitrogen), carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, available-P (phosphorus), available-K (potassium), base saturation (BS), electric conductivity (EC), soil respiration (qCO2), redox potential (Eh) with 3 repetitions. The value of soil quality index (SQI) in the organic paddy field is 3.216 with bad soil quality criteria, while the non-organic paddy field is 0.147 with very bad criteria. The soil quality values are based on the key factors or MDS that is potential redox (EH), soil respiration (qCO2), potential hydrogen (pH), porosity, soil organic matter (SOC), total-N (nitrogen), C/N ratio, available-P (phosphorus).
{"title":"Assessment of soil quality in organic and non-organic paddy fields with technical irrigation system in Susukan","authors":"H. Haryuni, Hesti Wirawati, S. Minardi, S. Supriyadi","doi":"10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.81","url":null,"abstract":"Soil quality is a measure of the condition of soil. The goal of sustainable agriculture is to maintain a non-negative trend in productivity while maintaining soil quality. Susukan is an area in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia, which has developed organic farming to increase rice productivity and quality. The main objective was to determine the sustainability of organic rice cropping systems. The organic farming system at the research location has been conducted for 8 years. Appropriate agricultural management can maintain the quality of soil, environment and improve the health of plants, animals and humans. This research aims to know the soil quality and determine the minimum data set (MDS) in organic and non-organic paddy field with a technical irrigation system. Paddy soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory. The parameters are porosity, permeability, hydrogen potential (pH), cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic matter (SOC), total-N (nitrogen), carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio, available-P (phosphorus), available-K (potassium), base saturation (BS), electric conductivity (EC), soil respiration (qCO2), redox potential (Eh) with 3 repetitions. The value of soil quality index (SQI) in the organic paddy field is 3.216 with bad soil quality criteria, while the non-organic paddy field is 0.147 with very bad criteria. The soil quality values are based on the key factors or MDS that is potential redox (EH), soil respiration (qCO2), potential hydrogen (pH), porosity, soil organic matter (SOC), total-N (nitrogen), C/N ratio, available-P (phosphorus).","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46443655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.1
M. Jalali, Maryam Saeedi Lotf, F. Ranjbar
Salinization and sodification of agricultural lands in arid and semi-arid regions of the world are two limiting factors in the crop production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of readily available agricultural residues on changing some chemical properties of saline-sodic soils. Wheat, potato, sunflower, and canola residues were separately added into three saline-sodic soils at a rate of 2% by weight and thoroughly mixed with soils. Control and treated soils were incubated for 168 days at a constant moisture and temperature. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soluble cations, available nitrate (NO3-) and phosphorous (P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were measured during the incubation. The EC increased in the response to the incorporation of plant residues, whereas the pH was reduced. The application of organic components in soils increased CEC and decreased ESP. The results showed that the maximum reduction in ESP was observed in the potato treatment because of the highest Ca2+ concentration. The average reduction in ESP of treated soil samples at the end of incubation followed this order: 16.1% (potato residue-treated soil) >12.7% (canola residue-treated soil) >11.1% (wheat residue-treated soil) >9.6% (sunflwer residue-treated soil). The potato residue was the most effective amendment in changing the chemical properties of saline-sodic soils in comparison with other organic residues. The results indicated that the application of organic residues had a positive impact on reducing the soil sodicity and improving the soil fertility depending on their chemical composition.
{"title":"Changes in some chemical properties of saline-sodic soils over time as affected by organic residues: An incubation study","authors":"M. Jalali, Maryam Saeedi Lotf, F. Ranjbar","doi":"10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Salinization and sodification of agricultural lands in arid and semi-arid regions of the world are two limiting factors in the crop production. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of readily available agricultural residues on changing some chemical properties of saline-sodic soils. Wheat, potato, sunflower, and canola residues were separately added into three saline-sodic soils at a rate of 2% by weight and thoroughly mixed with soils. Control and treated soils were incubated for 168 days at a constant moisture and temperature. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soluble cations, available nitrate (NO3-) and phosphorous (P), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were measured during the incubation. The EC increased in the response to the incorporation of plant residues, whereas the pH was reduced. The application of organic components in soils increased CEC and decreased ESP. The results showed that the maximum reduction in ESP was observed in the potato treatment because of the highest Ca2+ concentration. The average reduction in ESP of treated soil samples at the end of incubation followed this order: 16.1% (potato residue-treated soil) >12.7% (canola residue-treated soil) >11.1% (wheat residue-treated soil) >9.6% (sunflwer residue-treated soil). The potato residue was the most effective amendment in changing the chemical properties of saline-sodic soils in comparison with other organic residues. The results indicated that the application of organic residues had a positive impact on reducing the soil sodicity and improving the soil fertility depending on their chemical composition.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45191269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.163
B. Nasiyev, A. Bekkaliyev, I. Manolov, Vladimir Shibaikin
Degradation of pastures caused by anthropogenic and climatic factors leads to desertification, loss of soil fertility, reduces productivity of the pasture grass and it is a prerequisite for socio-economic problems. Pastures of Western Kazakhstan cover more than 70% of the lands under economic use and are the main fodder source for the farm animals. In the late years, degradation of pastures in Western Kazakhstan takes place due to intensive animal grazing. The aim of research is to study the impact of technology for grazing the farm animals on the pastures soil cover to prevent the processes of degradation and desertification, as well as the rational use of pasture ecosystems. Through these studies, experimental data were obtained on the current state of the pastures soil cover in Western Kazakhstan with different types of chestnut soils depending on the grazing technology. An excess intensive grazing of the farm animals has negative influence on physical and chemical factors of the chestnut soil types.
{"title":"Influence of grazing technologies on the indices of chestnut soils in Western Kazakhstan","authors":"B. Nasiyev, A. Bekkaliyev, I. Manolov, Vladimir Shibaikin","doi":"10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.163","url":null,"abstract":"Degradation of pastures caused by anthropogenic and climatic factors leads to desertification, loss of soil fertility, reduces productivity of the pasture grass and it is a prerequisite for socio-economic problems. Pastures of Western Kazakhstan cover more than 70% of the lands under economic use and are the main fodder source for the farm animals. In the late years, degradation of pastures in Western Kazakhstan takes place due to intensive animal grazing. The aim of research is to study the impact of technology for grazing the farm animals on the pastures soil cover to prevent the processes of degradation and desertification, as well as the rational use of pasture ecosystems. Through these studies, experimental data were obtained on the current state of the pastures soil cover in Western Kazakhstan with different types of chestnut soils depending on the grazing technology. An excess intensive grazing of the farm animals has negative influence on physical and chemical factors of the chestnut soil types.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41262458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.41
George O. Odugbenro, Zhihua Liu, Yankun Sun
A two-year field trial on maize ( Zea mays L.) production was established to determine the influence of biochar, maize straw, and poultry manure on soil aggregate stability, aggregate size distribution, total organic carbon (TOC), and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Seven treatments with four replications, namely CK, control; S, 12.5 Mg ha-1 straw; B1, 12.5 Mg ha-1 biochar; B2, 25 Mg ha-1 biochar; SB1, straw + 12.5 Mg ha-1 biochar; SB2, straw + 25 Mg ha-1 biochar; and M, 25 Mg ha-1 manure were tested at four soil depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 cm). Aggregates were grouped into large macro-aggregates (5–2 mm), small macro-aggregates (2–0.25 mm), micro-aggregates (0.25–0.053 mm) and silt + clay (<0.053 mm). Biochar, straw, and manure applications all had significant effects ( p < 0.05) on aggregate stability, with B 2 at 20 cm soil depth showing the greatest increase (62.1%). SB 1 of small macro-aggregate fraction showed the highest aggregate proportion (50.59% ± 10.48) at the 20–30 cm soil depth. The highest TOC was observed in SB 2 (40.9 g kg -1 ) of large macro-aggregate at 10–20 cm soil depth. Treatment effects on soil MBC was high, with B 1 showing the greatest value (600.0 µg g -1 ) at the 20–30 cm soil depth. Our results showed that application of biochar, straw, and manure to soil increased aggregate stability, TOC as well as MBC.
{"title":"Soil aggregate size distribution and total organic carbon in intra-aggregate fractions as affected by addition of biochar and organic amendments","authors":"George O. Odugbenro, Zhihua Liu, Yankun Sun","doi":"10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.41","url":null,"abstract":"A two-year field trial on maize ( Zea mays L.) production was established to determine the influence of biochar, maize straw, and poultry manure on soil aggregate stability, aggregate size distribution, total organic carbon (TOC), and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Seven treatments with four replications, namely CK, control; S, 12.5 Mg ha-1 straw; B1, 12.5 Mg ha-1 biochar; B2, 25 Mg ha-1 biochar; SB1, straw + 12.5 Mg ha-1 biochar; SB2, straw + 25 Mg ha-1 biochar; and M, 25 Mg ha-1 manure were tested at four soil depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 cm). Aggregates were grouped into large macro-aggregates (5–2 mm), small macro-aggregates (2–0.25 mm), micro-aggregates (0.25–0.053 mm) and silt + clay (<0.053 mm). Biochar, straw, and manure applications all had significant effects ( p < 0.05) on aggregate stability, with B 2 at 20 cm soil depth showing the greatest increase (62.1%). SB 1 of small macro-aggregate fraction showed the highest aggregate proportion (50.59% ± 10.48) at the 20–30 cm soil depth. The highest TOC was observed in SB 2 (40.9 g kg -1 ) of large macro-aggregate at 10–20 cm soil depth. Treatment effects on soil MBC was high, with B 1 showing the greatest value (600.0 µg g -1 ) at the 20–30 cm soil depth. Our results showed that application of biochar, straw, and manure to soil increased aggregate stability, TOC as well as MBC.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49612664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.117
J. Kobža, B. Pálka
Distribution of black soils in Slovakia using the International Network of Black Soils (INBS) is evaluated in this paper. Numerous soil profiles (17,620 soil profiles from the complex soil survey of agricultural land and 318 monitoring sites in Slovakia) have been reviewed for their evaluation. According to the INBS criteria, the following parameters were evaluated: thick layer of humus, soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic matter (SOM) as well as a base saturation. In addition, some qualitative parameters of dark-coloured soils have been also evaluated (i.e. total nitrogen content – Ntot, C/N ratio, CHA/CFA ratio and colour quotient Q46). On the basis of obtained results there was determined that the area of black soils, according to the INBS criteria, represents 93,654.63 ha which constitutes 19.7% of all black soils mapped according to land and ecological evaluation units and 3.92% of total agricultural soils in Slovakia. According to the INBS criteria, black soils are characterised by average thick humus layer of 57 cm and SOC content of 2.66% as well as 4.58% of SOM with high base saturation (96.65%).
利用国际黑土网络(INBS)对斯洛伐克黑土的分布进行了评价。已经审查了许多土壤剖面(来自斯洛伐克农业用地复杂土壤调查和318个监测点的17,620个土壤剖面)以进行评价。根据INBS标准，对土壤腐殖质厚度、土壤有机碳(SOC)和土壤有机质(SOM)以及碱基饱和度进行评价。此外，还对深色土壤的一些定性参数(即全氮含量- Ntot、C/N比、CHA/CFA比和色商Q46)进行了评价。根据获得的结果，根据INBS标准确定黑土面积为93,654.63公顷，占根据土地和生态评价单位绘制的所有黑土的19.7%，占斯洛伐克全部农业土壤的3.92%。根据INBS标准，黑土的特征是平均厚腐殖层为57 cm, SOC含量为2.66%，SOM含量为4.58%，碱基饱和度较高(96.65%)。
{"title":"Basic properties of agricultural black soils in Slovakia using the INBS criteria","authors":"J. Kobža, B. Pálka","doi":"10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2020.53.1.117","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution of black soils in Slovakia using the International Network of Black Soils (INBS) is evaluated in this paper. Numerous soil profiles (17,620 soil profiles from the complex soil survey of agricultural land and 318 monitoring sites in Slovakia) have been reviewed for their evaluation. According to the INBS criteria, the following parameters were evaluated: thick layer of humus, soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic matter (SOM) as well as a base saturation. In addition, some qualitative parameters of dark-coloured soils have been also evaluated (i.e. total nitrogen content – Ntot, C/N ratio, CHA/CFA ratio and colour quotient Q46). On the basis of obtained results there was determined that the area of black soils, according to the INBS criteria, represents 93,654.63 ha which constitutes 19.7% of all black soils mapped according to land and ecological evaluation units and 3.92% of total agricultural soils in Slovakia. According to the INBS criteria, black soils are characterised by average thick humus layer of 57 cm and SOC content of 2.66% as well as 4.58% of SOM with high base saturation (96.65%).","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"491 1","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67645221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-28DOI: 10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.295
Renata Kołodyńska‐Gawrysiak
The investigation was conducted in the eastern part of the Naleczow Plateau, a region of the Lublin Upland, in eastern Poland. The loess cover of this region was formed mainly during the last glaciation, and loess accumulation lasted until 15,000–12,000 BP. The undulating loess plateau with numerous oval-shaped closed depressions (CDs) is the main landform in the study area. Particle size distribution and SEM analyses were conducted for loess profiles under the bottoms and on the slopes of 4 CDs. Grain-size distribution characteristics as well as qualitative and quantitative micromorphological characteristics of the the loess forming the bottoms and slopes of the depressions were compared and discussed. It was documented that the differences between the loess forming the bottoms and slopes of the depressions are insignificant in the case of clay fraction content, but are considerable in the case of microstructure characteristics. The differences documented result from the impact of syn- and post-depositional diagenetic processes related mainly to suffosion and hydroconsolidation occurring under the influence of water. A quantitative assessment of the morphological effects of these processes was carried out in the context of the origin of closed depressions. The morphological effect of Holocene diagenetic processes was manifested in the deepening of the initial closed depressions formed previously under the influence of primary morphogenetic processes.
{"title":"Grain-size and microstructure of the loess from closed depressions in the Nałęczów Plateau (East Poland)","authors":"Renata Kołodyńska‐Gawrysiak","doi":"10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.295","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation was conducted in the eastern part of the Naleczow Plateau, a region of the Lublin Upland, in eastern Poland. The loess cover of this region was formed mainly during the last glaciation, and loess accumulation lasted until 15,000–12,000 BP. The undulating loess plateau with numerous oval-shaped closed depressions (CDs) is the main landform in the study area. Particle size distribution and SEM analyses were conducted for loess profiles under the bottoms and on the slopes of 4 CDs. Grain-size distribution characteristics as well as qualitative and quantitative micromorphological characteristics of the the loess forming the bottoms and slopes of the depressions were compared and discussed. It was documented that the differences between the loess forming the bottoms and slopes of the depressions are insignificant in the case of clay fraction content, but are considerable in the case of microstructure characteristics. The differences documented result from the impact of syn- and post-depositional diagenetic processes related mainly to suffosion and hydroconsolidation occurring under the influence of water. A quantitative assessment of the morphological effects of these processes was carried out in the context of the origin of closed depressions. The morphological effect of Holocene diagenetic processes was manifested in the deepening of the initial closed depressions formed previously under the influence of primary morphogenetic processes.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49189190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-18DOI: 10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.269
L. Kucher
The level of soil acidity (рН) has the significant impact on availability of potassium to plants. For almost the century, scientists have discussed the issue of acidity of soils. Till nowadays, it is known, that carriers of potential acidity are Н+ and АІ3+ ions, which are situated in the solid phase of soil in the exchanged and absorbed state, but soil solution is acidified as a result of exchange reactions during increase of concentration of electrolytes in it (for example, during application of fertilizes the soil). Our task was to explore the impact of acidity of soil solution on the movement of potassium in some soils of forest-steppes of Ukraine: typical chernozem, podzolized chernozem and meadow chernozem. In the laboratory conditions the soil samples were influenced by citrate-phosphate-borate buffer solution of different volumes of рН – from 2.8 till 9.5 units, and the potassium content was determined by flame photometry. Based on the research results, there were created mathematical models which predict the potassium content when changing soil acidity. An exponential functional relationship between potassium content in the soil solution and its pH is established. This functional dependence allows to predict the levels of transition of potassium to the soil solution in the conditions of lowering the pH.
{"title":"Forecasting of the impact of acidity on the content of mobile forms of potassium in the soils of forest-steppes of Ukraine","authors":"L. Kucher","doi":"10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.269","url":null,"abstract":"The level of soil acidity (рН) has the significant impact on availability of potassium to plants. For almost the century, scientists have discussed the issue of acidity of soils. Till nowadays, it is known, that carriers of potential acidity are Н+ and АІ3+ ions, which are situated in the solid phase of soil in the exchanged and absorbed state, but soil solution is acidified as a result of exchange reactions during increase of concentration of electrolytes in it (for example, during application of fertilizes the soil). Our task was to explore the impact of acidity of soil solution on the movement of potassium in some soils of forest-steppes of Ukraine: typical chernozem, podzolized chernozem and meadow chernozem. In the laboratory conditions the soil samples were influenced by citrate-phosphate-borate buffer solution of different volumes of рН – from 2.8 till 9.5 units, and the potassium content was determined by flame photometry. Based on the research results, there were created mathematical models which predict the potassium content when changing soil acidity. An exponential functional relationship between potassium content in the soil solution and its pH is established. This functional dependence allows to predict the levels of transition of potassium to the soil solution in the conditions of lowering the pH.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67645162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-18DOI: 10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.259
K. Furtak, A. Galazka
All over the world, including Poland, interest in the organic farming is growing. It is based on an attempt to minimize human impact on the environment while maintaining the natural functionality and productivity of the agricultural system. At the same time, every human activity in the natural environment results in greater or lesser changes in the soil ecosystem. Organic farming also has an impact on physical and chemical parameters and soil biological activity. These changes should be monitored and considered in the context of long-term land management. This review focuses on the impact of the organic farming system on soil biological activity and diversity of soil microorganisms.
{"title":"Effect of organic farming on soil microbiological parameters","authors":"K. Furtak, A. Galazka","doi":"10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.259","url":null,"abstract":"All over the world, including Poland, interest in the organic farming is growing. It is based on an attempt to minimize human impact on the environment while maintaining the natural functionality and productivity of the agricultural system. At the same time, every human activity in the natural environment results in greater or lesser changes in the soil ecosystem. Organic farming also has an impact on physical and chemical parameters and soil biological activity. These changes should be monitored and considered in the context of long-term land management. This review focuses on the impact of the organic farming system on soil biological activity and diversity of soil microorganisms.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47345561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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