Pub Date : 2018-01-15DOI: 10.17951/pjss.2017.50.2.155
J. Terlikowski
The aim of the study was to work out a method for quantitative assessment of soil nitrogen available for grassland sward (net mineralization), released in alluvial soils in Żulawy. Quantitative assessment of the pool of released nitrogen enables improvement of N management in fertilization of grassland sward and may contribute to the limitation of its dispersal in the natural environment. Studies were carried out in Żulawy Elbląskie in heavy, shallow humic alluvial soil containing about 350 t of soil organic matter and from 13 to 20 t of total nitrogen (TN) per hectare. The study object was permanent meadow sward of different intensity of utilisation and inorganic fertilisation. The efficiency of net mineralization of soil N was determined with the use of indirect balance method. Łaukajtys’s mini lysimetres installed on each experimental plot were used to estimate nitrogen losses in leachates. Depending on the frequency of mowing and different NPK fertilization, meadow sward took up from 80 to 170 kg N released due to mineralization of soil organic matter, which made up about 25 to 50% of nutrient demands of meadow sward. It was also shown that meadow sward uses from 58% to 78% of the total amount of introduced N for growth increment, depending on the intensity of utilization and fertilization.
{"title":"Rational productive use of inorganic nitrogen reserves released in permanent meadow situated on humic alluvial soil","authors":"J. Terlikowski","doi":"10.17951/pjss.2017.50.2.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2017.50.2.155","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to work out a method for quantitative assessment of soil nitrogen available for grassland sward (net mineralization), released in alluvial soils in Żulawy. Quantitative assessment of the pool of released nitrogen enables improvement of N management in fertilization of grassland sward and may contribute to the limitation of its dispersal in the natural environment. Studies were carried out in Żulawy Elbląskie in heavy, shallow humic alluvial soil containing about 350 t of soil organic matter and from 13 to 20 t of total nitrogen (TN) per hectare. The study object was permanent meadow sward of different intensity of utilisation and inorganic fertilisation. The efficiency of net mineralization of soil N was determined with the use of indirect balance method. Łaukajtys’s mini lysimetres installed on each experimental plot were used to estimate nitrogen losses in leachates. Depending on the frequency of mowing and different NPK fertilization, meadow sward took up from 80 to 170 kg N released due to mineralization of soil organic matter, which made up about 25 to 50% of nutrient demands of meadow sward. It was also shown that meadow sward uses from 58% to 78% of the total amount of introduced N for growth increment, depending on the intensity of utilization and fertilization.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44104161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-15DOI: 10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.291
A. Chrzan
Pollution of soils with heavy metals is particularly dangerous to living organisms. Invertebrates are sensitive to changes in soil conditions, and, therefore, may be considered invaluable indicators of soil disruptions. This study has been undertaken to determine heavy metal content in the in soil and extracted soil fauna in two types of forest habitats of Niepolomice Forest and to establish their impact on pedofauna– their density, diversity and trophic structure. The investigated sites varied in the soil or humus type, and the composition of forest stand and ground cover. The analysis of the pH value showed that the studied soils had acidic (pH 4.45-4.85). Small differences were observed in the content of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, nickiel, zinc and copper) in soil humid forest and fresh mixed forest. It results from the studies that the heavy metal content did not exceed the standards set out for the soils of Poland . The bioconcentration factor shows that both saprophytes and predatory invertebrates collected the largest amounts of zinc and smaller amounts of cadmium, and the remaining metals were collected in the following order: Cu> Ni> Pb. The results obtained show that the tested heavy metals could have an impact on the density and diversity of meso-and macrofauna. Probably soil fauna affected by other factors (soil moisture, organic matter content, type of humus) .
{"title":"The impact of heavy metals on the soil fauna of selected habitats in Niepołomice forest","authors":"A. Chrzan","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.291","url":null,"abstract":"Pollution of soils with heavy metals is particularly dangerous to living organisms. Invertebrates are sensitive to changes in soil conditions, and, therefore, may be considered invaluable indicators of soil disruptions. This study has been undertaken to determine heavy metal content in the in soil and extracted soil fauna in two types of forest habitats of Niepolomice Forest and to establish their impact on pedofauna– their density, diversity and trophic structure. The investigated sites varied in the soil or humus type, and the composition of forest stand and ground cover. The analysis of the pH value showed that the studied soils had acidic (pH 4.45-4.85). Small differences were observed in the content of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, nickiel, zinc and copper) in soil humid forest and fresh mixed forest. It results from the studies that the heavy metal content did not exceed the standards set out for the soils of Poland . The bioconcentration factor shows that both saprophytes and predatory invertebrates collected the largest amounts of zinc and smaller amounts of cadmium, and the remaining metals were collected in the following order: Cu> Ni> Pb. The results obtained show that the tested heavy metals could have an impact on the density and diversity of meso-and macrofauna. Probably soil fauna affected by other factors (soil moisture, organic matter content, type of humus) .","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44992472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-15DOI: 10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.177
A. Telesiński, M. Płatkowski, T. Krzyśko-Łupicka, B. Pawłowska, K. Cybulska, K. Curyło
This paper assesses the impact of creosote and low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) on the activity of acid phosphomonoesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, phosphotriesterase, and inorganic pyrophosphatase in soil. The experiment was carried out on loamy sand samples with organic carbon content of 8.71 g · kg -1 , with the following variable factors: dosages of creosote: 0, 0.5%, and 2.5%; type of LMWOAs: oxalic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid in the amount of 50 mmol · kg -1 of soil; days of experiment: 1, 7, 14, 28, 56, 112. Obtained results showed that contamination with creosote caused decrease in the activity of soil phosphatases. The observed effect did not always increase with increase in the dosage of the pollutant. Among the assayed phosphatases, the biggest changes were noted in the activity of phosphomonoesterases. Application of LMWOAs to contaminated soil mainly effected the inhibition of phosphatase, especially the activity of acid phosphomonoesterase. Comparison of the effects of LMWOAs showed that the citric acid was the least toxic to soil phosphatases.
{"title":"Combined effect of low-molecular-weight organic acids and creosote on phosphatase activities in sandy soil","authors":"A. Telesiński, M. Płatkowski, T. Krzyśko-Łupicka, B. Pawłowska, K. Cybulska, K. Curyło","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.177","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the impact of creosote and low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) on the activity of acid phosphomonoesterase, alkaline phosphomonoesterase, phosphotriesterase, and inorganic pyrophosphatase in soil. The experiment was carried out on loamy sand samples with organic carbon content of 8.71 g · kg -1 , with the following variable factors: dosages of creosote: 0, 0.5%, and 2.5%; type of LMWOAs: oxalic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid in the amount of 50 mmol · kg -1 of soil; days of experiment: 1, 7, 14, 28, 56, 112. Obtained results showed that contamination with creosote caused decrease in the activity of soil phosphatases. The observed effect did not always increase with increase in the dosage of the pollutant. Among the assayed phosphatases, the biggest changes were noted in the activity of phosphomonoesterases. Application of LMWOAs to contaminated soil mainly effected the inhibition of phosphatase, especially the activity of acid phosphomonoesterase. Comparison of the effects of LMWOAs showed that the citric acid was the least toxic to soil phosphatases.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45837603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-15DOI: 10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.279
J. Kobža
Risk elements distribution on agricultural soils in Slovakia is evaluated in this contribution. The measured results have been obtained on the basis of soil monitoring system in Slovakia which is consistently running since 1993 year. Risk elements have been analysed in extraction by aqua regia according to uniform analytical procedures in soil (Kobza et al. 2011). On the basis of the available results it may be said that the agricultural soils of Slovakia are not contaminated except some contaminated sites which are mostly situated on the industrial areas (anthropogenic impact) as well as on the areas situated under geogenic influence (mostly some mountainous regions). Their unfavourable state lasts often a long period and agricultural land use of those affected fields is not recommended.
{"title":"Quality of agricultural soils in Slovakia","authors":"J. Kobža","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.279","url":null,"abstract":"Risk elements distribution on agricultural soils in Slovakia is evaluated in this contribution. The measured results have been obtained on the basis of soil monitoring system in Slovakia which is consistently running since 1993 year. Risk elements have been analysed in extraction by aqua regia according to uniform analytical procedures in soil (Kobza et al. 2011). On the basis of the available results it may be said that the agricultural soils of Slovakia are not contaminated except some contaminated sites which are mostly situated on the industrial areas (anthropogenic impact) as well as on the areas situated under geogenic influence (mostly some mountainous regions). Their unfavourable state lasts often a long period and agricultural land use of those affected fields is not recommended.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43260043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-15DOI: 10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.141
M. Majewska
Festuca ovina was grown hydroponically on the Hoagland medium supplemented with CdCl 2 (10 µg Cd ml -1 ). Next, the plants were transplanted into pots (100 plants in pots) with uncontaminated soil and incubated under controlled conditions for 12 months. Approximately 420 µg Cd were introduced into 200 g of soil via the plant roots, the released cadmium being distributed between fractions with varying stability and extractability. After 2 months, the pool of Cd exchangeable and bound to Fe and Mn oxides was 16% and 75%, respectively. After the end of the pot cultivation, the content of Cd in these fractions had decreased to 5% and 53%, respectively. In contrast, the percentage of Cd defined as organically bound increased from 6% (after 2 months) to 43% (after 12 months). The residual fraction was 2% of the metal present in the soil and was constant during plant cultivation. The results obtained indicate that the Cd stabilization by roots was dependent on time. Additionally, the distribution of Cd among the tested fractions was seen to have changed during the experiment. The amount of Cd bound to soil organic matter increased, lowering the amount of the bioavailable Cd form and Cd fraction bound to the oxide minerals .
羊茅在添加cdcl2(10µg Cd ml -1)的Hoagland培养基上水培。然后将植株移栽到未污染土壤的盆栽中(100株一盆)，在受控条件下培养12个月。约420µg镉通过植物根系导入200 g土壤，释放的镉分布在不同稳定性和可提取性的组分之间。2个月后，可交换和结合到Fe和Mn氧化物的Cd池分别为16%和75%。盆栽结束后，各组分Cd含量分别降至5%和53%。相比之下，有机结合的Cd百分比从6%(2个月后)增加到43%(12个月后)。残留部分是土壤中存在的金属的2%，在植物栽培期间是恒定的。结果表明，根对镉的稳定作用与时间有关。此外，Cd在测试分数中的分布在实验过程中发生了变化。与土壤有机质结合的Cd量增加，降低了生物可利用Cd形态和与氧化矿物结合的Cd分数的数量。
{"title":"Mobilization of cadmium from festuca ovina roots and its distribution between operational fractions in soil","authors":"M. Majewska","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.2.141","url":null,"abstract":"Festuca ovina was grown hydroponically on the Hoagland medium supplemented with CdCl 2 (10 µg Cd ml -1 ). Next, the plants were transplanted into pots (100 plants in pots) with uncontaminated soil and incubated under controlled conditions for 12 months. Approximately 420 µg Cd were introduced into 200 g of soil via the plant roots, the released cadmium being distributed between fractions with varying stability and extractability. After 2 months, the pool of Cd exchangeable and bound to Fe and Mn oxides was 16% and 75%, respectively. After the end of the pot cultivation, the content of Cd in these fractions had decreased to 5% and 53%, respectively. In contrast, the percentage of Cd defined as organically bound increased from 6% (after 2 months) to 43% (after 12 months). The residual fraction was 2% of the metal present in the soil and was constant during plant cultivation. The results obtained indicate that the Cd stabilization by roots was dependent on time. Additionally, the distribution of Cd among the tested fractions was seen to have changed during the experiment. The amount of Cd bound to soil organic matter increased, lowering the amount of the bioavailable Cd form and Cd fraction bound to the oxide minerals .","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47281851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-17DOI: 10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.1.107
A. Piotrowska-Długosz, J. Długosz
Knowledge about the spatio-temporal variability of soil enzymatic properties is crucial in evaluating their structure-function relationship and their impact on ecosystem functions. The aim of this study was to assess the spatio-temporal variability of soil β-glucosidase (BG) activity against selected physico-chemical properties at the arable fild scale. A grid soil sampling (10×10 m) was used to measure the spatial variation of soil properties across a 0.4-ha fild. The BG activity was analyzed in soil samples that were collected from the upper 20 cm of Luvisols at 50 locations in April and August 2007 and 2008. Additionally, total organic carbon (CORG), total nitrogen (NTOT) concentrations, soil pHKCl as well as texture and water content were determined. The dataset was analyzed using classical statistical and geostatistical methods. Based on the analysis of variance, it was found that the BG activity, CORG, and water content showed signifiant differences between the four sampling dates. The BG activity showed a high contribution of nugget effect in sill (over 50%) and revealed a moderate spatial structure. The range of spatial autocorrelation calculated for the BG activity was between 15.0 and 61.0 m. Less intensive sampling grid should be recommended for soil BG activity in further studies concerning spatial variability in arable fild scale. In turn, more frequent sampling must be included in the sampling strategy in order to better understand whether the BG activity always shows permanent spatial patterns in soil or whether it is more randomized.
{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Variability of Soil Beta-glucosidase Activity at the Arable Field Scale","authors":"A. Piotrowska-Długosz, J. Długosz","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.1.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.1.107","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge about the spatio-temporal variability of soil enzymatic properties is crucial in evaluating their structure-function relationship and their impact on ecosystem functions. The aim of this study was to assess the spatio-temporal variability of soil β-glucosidase (BG) activity against selected physico-chemical properties at the arable fild scale. A grid soil sampling (10×10 m) was used to measure the spatial variation of soil properties across a 0.4-ha fild. The BG activity was analyzed in soil samples that were collected from the upper 20 cm of Luvisols at 50 locations in April and August 2007 and 2008. Additionally, total organic carbon (CORG), total nitrogen (NTOT) concentrations, soil pHKCl as well as texture and water content were determined. The dataset was analyzed using classical statistical and geostatistical methods. Based on the analysis of variance, it was found that the BG activity, CORG, and water content showed signifiant differences between the four sampling dates. The BG activity showed a high contribution of nugget effect in sill (over 50%) and revealed a moderate spatial structure. The range of spatial autocorrelation calculated for the BG activity was between 15.0 and 61.0 m. Less intensive sampling grid should be recommended for soil BG activity in further studies concerning spatial variability in arable fild scale. In turn, more frequent sampling must be included in the sampling strategy in order to better understand whether the BG activity always shows permanent spatial patterns in soil or whether it is more randomized.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45823691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-17DOI: 10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.1.121
M. Włodarczyk, H. Siwek
The inflence of humidity and soil type on the degradation process of clomazone, metazachlor and pendimethalin immobilized in the alginate matrix were studied under laboratory condi tions, and herbicidal degradation parameters obtained for alginate systems and commercial formulations (Command 480 EC, Metazachlor 500 SC and Panida 330 SC) were compared. Two soils with different organic content were used in the experiment: loamy sand (S1) and sand (S2). The effect of soil humidity on the rate of herbicide degradation was assessed for soil S1 at 15% and 60% of maximum water holding capacity. Herbicides residues were analyzed using GC/MS method. The experimental data were fited to the mathematical model based on the fist-order reaction kinetics. There was no signifiant effect of soil type on the degradation rate of herbicides immobilized in the alginate matrix. For all alginate systems analyzed process was faster with an increased soil moisture. Formulation is a signifiant factor affecting the degradation process of herbicides in soil.
{"title":"The Influence of Humidity and Soil Texture on the Degradation Process of Selected Herbicides Immobilized in Alginate Matrix in Soil under Laboratory Conditions","authors":"M. Włodarczyk, H. Siwek","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.1.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.1.121","url":null,"abstract":"The inflence of humidity and soil type on the degradation process of clomazone, metazachlor and pendimethalin immobilized in the alginate matrix were studied under laboratory condi tions, and herbicidal degradation parameters obtained for alginate systems and commercial formulations (Command 480 EC, Metazachlor 500 SC and Panida 330 SC) were compared. Two soils with different organic content were used in the experiment: loamy sand (S1) and sand (S2). The effect of soil humidity on the rate of herbicide degradation was assessed for soil S1 at 15% and 60% of maximum water holding capacity. Herbicides residues were analyzed using GC/MS method. The experimental data were fited to the mathematical model based on the fist-order reaction kinetics. There was no signifiant effect of soil type on the degradation rate of herbicides immobilized in the alginate matrix. For all alginate systems analyzed process was faster with an increased soil moisture. Formulation is a signifiant factor affecting the degradation process of herbicides in soil.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44217371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-03DOI: 10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.1.55
E. Bielińska, B. Futa, S. Chmielewski, K. Patkowski, T. Gruszecki
This study focused on the impact of extensive sheep grazing on soil enzymatic activity in the grassland habitats of the Eastern Lublin region of Poland, situated within the ecological Natura 2000 network of: K ą ty (PLH060010), Stawska G o ra (PLH060018), and Zachodniowo l y n ska Dolina Bugu (PLH060035). This study involved soils under sheep grazing and soils in uncultivated areas (wasteland). Two-year study was conducted in 2 periods of each year: spring (before the start of sheep grazing) and autumn (after grazing). Beneficial effects were found for extensive grazing by sheep on soil enzymatic activity within each tested habitat. It is worth underlining that a clear stimulation of enzyme activity was detected already in the first year of observation. In the second year, the enzyme activity in the soils of habitats under sheep grazing was approximately 1.5 times higher than in the soils without grazing. The observed higher activity of the tested enzymes in soils under sheep grazing indicated the usefulness of studies on the enzymatic activity of soils as a sensitive indicator of soil response, such as observed here with the applied active system of biodiversity protection in the valuable natural grassland habitats of Natura 2000.
这项研究的重点是在波兰东卢布林地区的草原栖息地，广泛的绵羊放牧对土壤酶活性的影响，该地区位于生态Natura 2000网络内：Kāty（PLH060010）、Stawska G o ra（PLH0600 18）和Zachodniowo l y n ska Dolina Bugu（PLH0 60035）。本研究涉及绵羊放牧下的土壤和未开垦地区（荒地）的土壤。为期两年的研究分为每年的两个时期：春季（开始放牧前）和秋季（放牧后）。在每个测试栖息地内，绵羊大量放牧对土壤酶活性都有有益影响。值得强调的是，在观察的第一年就已经检测到明显的酶活性刺激。在第二年，绵羊放牧的栖息地土壤中的酶活性大约是未放牧土壤的1.5倍。在绵羊放牧的土壤中观察到的测试酶的较高活性表明，研究土壤的酶活性作为土壤反应的敏感指标是有用的，例如在Natura 2000宝贵的天然草原栖息地中应用生物多样性保护活性系统时观察到的。
{"title":"Quantification of Biodiversity Related to the Active Protection of Grassland Habitats in the Eastern Lublin Region of Poland Based on the Activity of Soil Enzymes","authors":"E. Bielińska, B. Futa, S. Chmielewski, K. Patkowski, T. Gruszecki","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.1.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.1.55","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on the impact of extensive sheep grazing on soil enzymatic activity in the grassland habitats of the Eastern Lublin region of Poland, situated within the ecological Natura 2000 network of: K ą ty (PLH060010), Stawska G o ra (PLH060018), and Zachodniowo l y n ska Dolina Bugu (PLH060035). This study involved soils under sheep grazing and soils in uncultivated areas (wasteland). Two-year study was conducted in 2 periods of each year: spring (before the start of sheep grazing) and autumn (after grazing). Beneficial effects were found for extensive grazing by sheep on soil enzymatic activity within each tested habitat. It is worth underlining that a clear stimulation of enzyme activity was detected already in the first year of observation. In the second year, the enzyme activity in the soils of habitats under sheep grazing was approximately 1.5 times higher than in the soils without grazing. The observed higher activity of the tested enzymes in soils under sheep grazing indicated the usefulness of studies on the enzymatic activity of soils as a sensitive indicator of soil response, such as observed here with the applied active system of biodiversity protection in the valuable natural grassland habitats of Natura 2000.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42281801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-03DOI: 10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.1.63
B. Futa, E. Bielińska, S. Ligęza, S. Chmielewski, S. Wesołowska, K. Patkowski, A. Mocek-Płóciniak
Soils from the Lublin area exposed to low-stack emission from home heating and transport were investigated. Changes in soil enzymatic activity and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon s (PAHs) content were analysed. Soil samples were collected in July and November 2016 and January 2017. Results of the study show that enzymatic activity and PAHs content depended on types of buildings, study period (intensification of pollutant emission from household heating), traffic volume and atmospheric air movement. Low enzymatic activities and high PAHs contents in the soils were observed in the autumn-winter period in the areas with dense single-family housing and located in the vicinity of streets with intense road traffic.
{"title":"Enzymatic Activity and Content of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Soils under Low-Stack Emission in Lublin","authors":"B. Futa, E. Bielińska, S. Ligęza, S. Chmielewski, S. Wesołowska, K. Patkowski, A. Mocek-Płóciniak","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.1.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.1.63","url":null,"abstract":"Soils from the Lublin area exposed to low-stack emission from home heating and transport were investigated. Changes in soil enzymatic activity and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon s (PAHs) content were analysed. Soil samples were collected in July and November 2016 and January 2017. Results of the study show that enzymatic activity and PAHs content depended on types of buildings, study period (intensification of pollutant emission from household heating), traffic volume and atmospheric air movement. Low enzymatic activities and high PAHs contents in the soils were observed in the autumn-winter period in the areas with dense single-family housing and located in the vicinity of streets with intense road traffic.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42922316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-03DOI: 10.17951/PJSS.2017.50.1.93
M. Vaverková
This study focuses on the impact of a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill on the environment. Phytotoxicity test was determined to assess ecotoxicity of landfill soil (Zdounky-Kuchyňky). White mustard ( Sinapis alba L.) and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) plants were allowed to grow in earthen pots, treated with soil samples to study the potential effect of landfill to the plant biomass production. Twenty-one days from the establishment of the experiment, sprouts and the number of growing plants occurring in the earthen pots were counted. The conducted research shows that the soil from the area of the landfill is not phytotoxic. According to the results of this research, it is possible to claim that the Zdounky-Kuchyňky MSW landfill is not a considerable source of pollution for the environment in present days.
本研究的重点是城市固体废物（MSW）填埋场对环境的影响。通过植物毒性试验来评估垃圾填埋场土壤（Zdounky-Kuchyńky）的生态毒性。白芥菜（Sinapis alba L.）和大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）植物被允许在土盆中生长，用土壤样品处理，以研究垃圾填埋对植物生物量生产的潜在影响。实验开始后21天，对土盆中的芽和生长植物的数量进行计数。所进行的研究表明，垃圾填埋场区域的土壤没有植物毒性。根据这项研究的结果，有可能声称Zdounky-Kuchyńky垃圾填埋场目前并不是一个相当大的环境污染源。
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