Pub Date : 2023-12-13DOI: 10.3390/pollutants3040039
Daniel L. Mendoza, Robert K. D. Peterson, Jane A. S. Bonds, Gregory S White, Ary Faraji
We performed a thorough systematic review of published literature to determine potential links between human health impacts and naled, a registered adult mosquito control product (adulticide), and its major degradate, dichlorvos (DDVP). A search query was performed on 8 September 2023, capturing all articles published up to that date on the Scopus and PubMed databases. Inclusion criteria were the presence of either pesticide and a measured or modeled human health outcome or risk. The search string resulted in 382 articles; however, 354 articles were excluded, resulting in only 28 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The studies that directly relate to aerosolized ultra-low volume (ULV) mosquito control applications did not report any associated deleterious human health outcomes. Results from the reviewed papers displayed no negative health effects or led to inconclusive results. No studies showed adverse health effects from aerial ULV applications for mosquito management. Our findings are congruent with the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations that aerial applications of naled, following label parameters, do not pose an adverse risk exposure to humans, wildlife, and the environment.
{"title":"Are Adult Mosquito Control Products (Adulticides) Harmful? A Review of the Potential Human Health Impacts from Exposure to Naled and Dichlorvos (DDVP)","authors":"Daniel L. Mendoza, Robert K. D. Peterson, Jane A. S. Bonds, Gregory S White, Ary Faraji","doi":"10.3390/pollutants3040039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants3040039","url":null,"abstract":"We performed a thorough systematic review of published literature to determine potential links between human health impacts and naled, a registered adult mosquito control product (adulticide), and its major degradate, dichlorvos (DDVP). A search query was performed on 8 September 2023, capturing all articles published up to that date on the Scopus and PubMed databases. Inclusion criteria were the presence of either pesticide and a measured or modeled human health outcome or risk. The search string resulted in 382 articles; however, 354 articles were excluded, resulting in only 28 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The studies that directly relate to aerosolized ultra-low volume (ULV) mosquito control applications did not report any associated deleterious human health outcomes. Results from the reviewed papers displayed no negative health effects or led to inconclusive results. No studies showed adverse health effects from aerial ULV applications for mosquito management. Our findings are congruent with the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations that aerial applications of naled, following label parameters, do not pose an adverse risk exposure to humans, wildlife, and the environment.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":"101 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-05DOI: 10.3390/pollutants3040038
Katarzyna Chojnacka, M. Mikulewicz
Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with increasing prevalence. This review aims to systematically investigate the relationship between the levels of toxic and trace elements in hair and the occurrence of ASD. Methods: Original articles reporting trace element levels in hair were included. A comprehensive search was conducted in databases such as Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, covering publications from 1 January 2000, to 2 January 2023. Keywords including “hair element analysis”, “trace elements”, and “autism”, were utilized in the search. Results: A direct comparison of the data was not possible due to the variety of methodologies observed in the available studies, including variations in sample sizes and analytical procedures. Conclusions: Exposure to toxic elements, notably Mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb), which act as neurotoxicants, was found to be associated with the pathogenesis of ASD. Furthermore, a significant correlation was identified between the Zinc (Zn) to Copper (Cu) ratio and ASD.
背景:自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种复杂的神经发育疾病，发病率越来越高。本文旨在系统探讨头发中有毒和微量元素水平与ASD发生的关系。方法:纳入报道头发微量元素含量的原创文章。在Medline(通过PubMed)、Scopus、Web of Science和Google Scholar等数据库中进行了全面的检索，涵盖了2000年1月1日至2023年1月2日的出版物。关键词包括“毛发元素分析”、“微量元素”和“自闭症”。结果:由于在现有研究中观察到的方法多种多样，包括样本量和分析程序的变化，不可能对数据进行直接比较。结论:暴露于有毒元素，特别是作为神经毒物的汞(Hg)和铅(Pb)，与ASD的发病机制有关。此外，锌(Zn)与铜(Cu)比率与ASD之间存在显著相关性。
{"title":"Chemical Elements in Hair and Their Association with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comprehensive Systematic Review","authors":"Katarzyna Chojnacka, M. Mikulewicz","doi":"10.3390/pollutants3040038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants3040038","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with increasing prevalence. This review aims to systematically investigate the relationship between the levels of toxic and trace elements in hair and the occurrence of ASD. Methods: Original articles reporting trace element levels in hair were included. A comprehensive search was conducted in databases such as Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, covering publications from 1 January 2000, to 2 January 2023. Keywords including “hair element analysis”, “trace elements”, and “autism”, were utilized in the search. Results: A direct comparison of the data was not possible due to the variety of methodologies observed in the available studies, including variations in sample sizes and analytical procedures. Conclusions: Exposure to toxic elements, notably Mercury (Hg) and Lead (Pb), which act as neurotoxicants, was found to be associated with the pathogenesis of ASD. Furthermore, a significant correlation was identified between the Zinc (Zn) to Copper (Cu) ratio and ASD.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":"88 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138600362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-04DOI: 10.3390/pollutants3040037
Gabson Baguma, Gadson Bamanya, Allan Gonzaga, Wycliffe Ampaire, Patrick Onen
Contaminants of concern (CoCs) pose significant threats to Uganda’s ecosystems and public health, particularly in the face of rapid urbanization, industrial expansion, and intensified agriculture. This systematic review comprehensively analyzed Uganda’s CoC landscape, addressing imminent challenges that endanger the country’s ecosystems and public health. CoCs, originating from urban, industrial, and agricultural activities, encompass a wide range of substances, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, industrial chemicals, heavy metals, radionuclides, biotoxins, disinfection byproducts, hydrocarbons, and microplastics. This review identified the major drivers of CoC dispersion, particularly wastewater and improper waste disposal practices. From an initial pool of 887 articles collected from reputable databases such as PubMed, African Journal Online (AJOL), Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, 177 pertinent studies were extracted. The literature review pointed to the presence of 57 pharmaceutical residues and personal care products, along with 38 pesticide residues and 12 heavy metals, across various environmental matrices, such as wastewater, groundwater, seawater, rainwater, surface water, drinking water, and pharmaceutical effluents. CoC concentrations displayed significant levels exceeding established regulations, varying based on the specific locations, compounds, and matrices. This review underscores potential ecological and health consequences associated with CoCs, including antibiotic resistance, endocrine disruption, and carcinogenicity. Inefficiencies in traditional wastewater treatment methods, coupled with inadequate sanitation practices in certain areas, exacerbate the contamination of Uganda’s aquatic environments, intensifying environmental and health concerns. To address these challenges, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) emerge as promising and efficient alternatives for CoC degradation and the prevention of environmental pollution. Notably, no prior studies have explored the management and mitigation of these contaminants through AOP application within various aqueous matrices in Uganda. This review emphasizes the necessity of specific regulations, improved data collection, and public awareness campaigns, offering recommendations for advanced wastewater treatment implementation, the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, and the enforcement of source control measures. Furthermore, it highlights the significance of further research to bridge knowledge gaps and devise effective policies and interventions. Ultimately, this comprehensive analysis equips readers, policymakers, and regulators with vital knowledge for informed decision-making, policy development, and the protection of public health and the environment.
令人关注的污染物(CoCs)对乌干达的生态系统和公众健康构成重大威胁，特别是在快速城市化、工业扩张和集约化农业的情况下。这项系统审查全面分析了乌干达的CoC状况，解决了危及该国生态系统和公共卫生的迫在眉睫的挑战。CoCs源自城市、工业和农业活动，涵盖范围广泛的物质，包括药品、个人护理产品、农药、工业化学品、重金属、放射性核素、生物毒素、消毒副产品、碳氢化合物和微塑料。本次审查确定了CoC分散的主要驱动因素，特别是废水和不当的废物处理做法。从PubMed、African Journal Online (AJOL)、Web of Science、Science Direct和Google Scholar等知名数据库收集的887篇文章中，提取了177篇相关研究。文献综述指出，在废水、地下水、海水、雨水、地表水、饮用水和制药废水等各种环境基质中，存在57种药物残留和个人护理产品，以及38种农药残留和12种重金属。CoC浓度明显超过既定规定，根据特定位置、化合物和基质而变化。这篇综述强调了与CoCs相关的潜在生态和健康后果，包括抗生素耐药性、内分泌干扰和致癌性。传统废水处理方法效率低下，加上某些地区的卫生做法不适当，加剧了乌干达水生环境的污染，加剧了环境和健康问题。为了应对这些挑战，高级氧化工艺(AOPs)成为CoC降解和防止环境污染的有前途和有效的替代方案。值得注意的是，没有先前的研究探讨了通过AOP在乌干达各种水性基质中的应用来管理和减轻这些污染物。本综述强调了制定具体法规、改进数据收集和开展公众意识宣传活动的必要性，并就先进废水处理的实施、可持续农业实践的采用和源头控制措施的实施提出了建议。此外，它还强调了进一步研究弥合知识差距和制定有效政策和干预措施的重要性。最终，这一全面的分析为读者、政策制定者和监管机构提供了重要的知识，帮助他们做出明智的决策、制定政策、保护公众健康和环境。
{"title":"A Systematic Review of Contaminants of Concern in Uganda: Occurrence, Sources, Potential Risks, and Removal Strategies","authors":"Gabson Baguma, Gadson Bamanya, Allan Gonzaga, Wycliffe Ampaire, Patrick Onen","doi":"10.3390/pollutants3040037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants3040037","url":null,"abstract":"Contaminants of concern (CoCs) pose significant threats to Uganda’s ecosystems and public health, particularly in the face of rapid urbanization, industrial expansion, and intensified agriculture. This systematic review comprehensively analyzed Uganda’s CoC landscape, addressing imminent challenges that endanger the country’s ecosystems and public health. CoCs, originating from urban, industrial, and agricultural activities, encompass a wide range of substances, including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, pesticides, industrial chemicals, heavy metals, radionuclides, biotoxins, disinfection byproducts, hydrocarbons, and microplastics. This review identified the major drivers of CoC dispersion, particularly wastewater and improper waste disposal practices. From an initial pool of 887 articles collected from reputable databases such as PubMed, African Journal Online (AJOL), Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, 177 pertinent studies were extracted. The literature review pointed to the presence of 57 pharmaceutical residues and personal care products, along with 38 pesticide residues and 12 heavy metals, across various environmental matrices, such as wastewater, groundwater, seawater, rainwater, surface water, drinking water, and pharmaceutical effluents. CoC concentrations displayed significant levels exceeding established regulations, varying based on the specific locations, compounds, and matrices. This review underscores potential ecological and health consequences associated with CoCs, including antibiotic resistance, endocrine disruption, and carcinogenicity. Inefficiencies in traditional wastewater treatment methods, coupled with inadequate sanitation practices in certain areas, exacerbate the contamination of Uganda’s aquatic environments, intensifying environmental and health concerns. To address these challenges, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) emerge as promising and efficient alternatives for CoC degradation and the prevention of environmental pollution. Notably, no prior studies have explored the management and mitigation of these contaminants through AOP application within various aqueous matrices in Uganda. This review emphasizes the necessity of specific regulations, improved data collection, and public awareness campaigns, offering recommendations for advanced wastewater treatment implementation, the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices, and the enforcement of source control measures. Furthermore, it highlights the significance of further research to bridge knowledge gaps and devise effective policies and interventions. Ultimately, this comprehensive analysis equips readers, policymakers, and regulators with vital knowledge for informed decision-making, policy development, and the protection of public health and the environment.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":"14 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138603170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various studies have been conducted in the fields of sustainable operations management (SOM), optimization, and wastewater treatment, yielding unsubstantiated recovery. In the context of Europe’s climate neutrality vision, this paper reviews effective decarbonization strategies and proposes sustainable approaches to mitigate carbonization in various sectors such as buildings, energy, industry, and transportation and how these interlink with wastewater management. The study also explores the role of digitalization in decarbonization and reviews policies that can direct governments’ actions towards a climate-neutral society. This paper presents a review of optimization approaches applied in the fields of science and technology, incorporating modern optimization techniques based on various peer-reviewed published research papers. It emphasizes non-conventional energy and distributed power-generating systems along with the deregulated and regulated environment. Additionally, this paper critically reviews the performance and capability of the micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) process in the treatment of dye wastewater. The review presents evidence of the simultaneous removal of co-existing pollutants and explores the feasibility and efficiency of biosurfactants instead of chemical surfactants. Lastly, the paper proposes a novel Firm–Regulator–Consumer-Technology Enablers/Facilitators interaction framework to study operations, decisions and interactive cooperation considering the relationships between the four agents through a comprehensive literature review of SOM. The proposed framework provides support for exploring future research opportunities and holistic sustainability initiatives.
在可持续运营管理 (SOM)、优化和废水处理等领域已开展了多项研究，但所取得的成果并不令人信服。在欧洲气候中和愿景的背景下，本文回顾了有效的去碳化战略，并提出了在建筑、能源、工业和交通等不同领域减缓碳化的可持续方法，以及这些方法如何与废水管理相互联系。本研究还探讨了数字化在去碳化过程中的作用，并回顾了可指导政府行动实现气候中和社会的政策。本文综述了应用于科学和技术领域的优化方法，在同行评审发表的各种研究论文的基础上融入了现代优化技术。本文强调了非常规能源和分布式发电系统，以及放松管制和受管制的环境。此外，本文还对胶束强化超滤（MEUF）工艺在处理染料废水方面的性能和能力进行了评论。综述提出了同时去除共存污染物的证据，并探讨了生物表面活性剂替代化学表面活性剂的可行性和效率。最后，本文提出了一个新颖的企业-监管机构-消费者-技术推动者/促进者互动框架，通过对 SOM 的全面文献综述，考虑到四个代理之间的关系，对运营、决策和互动合作进行研究。建议的框架为探索未来的研究机会和整体可持续发展倡议提供了支持。
{"title":"Toward Climate Neutrality: A Comprehensive Overview of Sustainable Operations Management, Optimization, and Wastewater Treatment Methods","authors":"Vasileios Alevizos, Ilias Georgousis, Annamaria Kapodistria","doi":"10.3390/pollutants3040036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants3040036","url":null,"abstract":"Various studies have been conducted in the fields of sustainable operations management (SOM), optimization, and wastewater treatment, yielding unsubstantiated recovery. In the context of Europe’s climate neutrality vision, this paper reviews effective decarbonization strategies and proposes sustainable approaches to mitigate carbonization in various sectors such as buildings, energy, industry, and transportation and how these interlink with wastewater management. The study also explores the role of digitalization in decarbonization and reviews policies that can direct governments’ actions towards a climate-neutral society. This paper presents a review of optimization approaches applied in the fields of science and technology, incorporating modern optimization techniques based on various peer-reviewed published research papers. It emphasizes non-conventional energy and distributed power-generating systems along with the deregulated and regulated environment. Additionally, this paper critically reviews the performance and capability of the micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) process in the treatment of dye wastewater. The review presents evidence of the simultaneous removal of co-existing pollutants and explores the feasibility and efficiency of biosurfactants instead of chemical surfactants. Lastly, the paper proposes a novel Firm–Regulator–Consumer-Technology Enablers/Facilitators interaction framework to study operations, decisions and interactive cooperation considering the relationships between the four agents through a comprehensive literature review of SOM. The proposed framework provides support for exploring future research opportunities and holistic sustainability initiatives.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139272099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.3390/pollutants3040035
Veronika Szabó, Haimei Chen, Károly Hrotkó, Ildikó Kohut
In this article, we investigated the dust deposit on leaves in the vegetation period of urban trees using a simple washing method. The data presented in this paper are preliminary results. Air pollution and the area and population of cities are increasing. The EU directives require the reduction and maintenance of air pollution. Trees have many ecological services, including the dust removal capacity. We investigated four urban tree species (Acer platanoides L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Tilia tomentosa Moench., and Prunus cerasifera L. ‘Woodii’) in many locations in Budapest. After collection, the leaves were washed with distillated water, which was eliminated in a drying chamber, and then the dust was measured back into the beakers. Microscopical photos were taken of each leaf’s surface. We found differences among species and seasons, which confirmed previous studies. Examining the data by location, we found no difference in dust deposition, unlike previous results. The dust deposition for Tilia tomentosa Moench. is between 48 and 295 mg/m2; for Fraxinus excelsior L., between 47 and 205 mg/m2; and for Acer platanoides L., between 110 and 500 mg/m2. No relevant data were found for Prunus cerasifera ‘Woodii’ (between 426 and 492 mg/m2) due to its exposed location. New data were obtained in Budapest for the dust deposition of the ‘Woodii’ variety. We partially confirmed or provided new results by examining the dust deposition capacities of urban trees. The leaf surface structure of the examined trees is supposedly a typical cause of dust deposit differences.
{"title":"Investigation of Dust Deposition in Vegetation Period as an Ecological Service on Urban Trees in Budapest—A Case Study","authors":"Veronika Szabó, Haimei Chen, Károly Hrotkó, Ildikó Kohut","doi":"10.3390/pollutants3040035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants3040035","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we investigated the dust deposit on leaves in the vegetation period of urban trees using a simple washing method. The data presented in this paper are preliminary results. Air pollution and the area and population of cities are increasing. The EU directives require the reduction and maintenance of air pollution. Trees have many ecological services, including the dust removal capacity. We investigated four urban tree species (Acer platanoides L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Tilia tomentosa Moench., and Prunus cerasifera L. ‘Woodii’) in many locations in Budapest. After collection, the leaves were washed with distillated water, which was eliminated in a drying chamber, and then the dust was measured back into the beakers. Microscopical photos were taken of each leaf’s surface. We found differences among species and seasons, which confirmed previous studies. Examining the data by location, we found no difference in dust deposition, unlike previous results. The dust deposition for Tilia tomentosa Moench. is between 48 and 295 mg/m2; for Fraxinus excelsior L., between 47 and 205 mg/m2; and for Acer platanoides L., between 110 and 500 mg/m2. No relevant data were found for Prunus cerasifera ‘Woodii’ (between 426 and 492 mg/m2) due to its exposed location. New data were obtained in Budapest for the dust deposition of the ‘Woodii’ variety. We partially confirmed or provided new results by examining the dust deposition capacities of urban trees. The leaf surface structure of the examined trees is supposedly a typical cause of dust deposit differences.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":" June","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135186651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.3390/pollutants3040034
Louis A. Tremblay, James M. Ataria, Ian Challenger, Jacqui Horswell, Virginia Baker, E. R. Lisa Langer, Alan Leckie, Olivier Champeau, Alma Siggins, Grant L. Northcott
Anthropogenic chemicals are fundamental for maintaining our standard of living in modern society. Unfortunately, some chemicals are persistent and can enter waste streams and, ultimately, the environment. Commonly used household products, including pharmaceuticals and personal care products, are notable sources of contaminants. The aim of this study was to develop an ‘Up-the-Pipe Solutions’ framework to raise awareness within the wider community about the presence and potential risks of the chemicals found in household products. There is potential to reduce the levels of contaminants in waste streams or substitute them with less harmful alternatives by raising awareness. This framework is based on ‘The Natural Step’ and the concept of essentiality; it recognises the importance of engaging with communities to raise awareness of each individual’s contribution to the problem. Our daily activities and behavioural patterns can have adverse consequences, including the release of persistent contaminants in main waste streams from our kitchens, bathrooms, and green wastes. The ‘Up-the-Pipe Solutions’ framework was successfully used in a small community to engage with school children, local authorities, and Māori leaders to raise awareness of chemical pollution.
{"title":"Up-the-Pipe Solutions: A Best Practice Framework to Engage Communities in Reducing Chemical Contamination in Waste","authors":"Louis A. Tremblay, James M. Ataria, Ian Challenger, Jacqui Horswell, Virginia Baker, E. R. Lisa Langer, Alan Leckie, Olivier Champeau, Alma Siggins, Grant L. Northcott","doi":"10.3390/pollutants3040034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants3040034","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropogenic chemicals are fundamental for maintaining our standard of living in modern society. Unfortunately, some chemicals are persistent and can enter waste streams and, ultimately, the environment. Commonly used household products, including pharmaceuticals and personal care products, are notable sources of contaminants. The aim of this study was to develop an ‘Up-the-Pipe Solutions’ framework to raise awareness within the wider community about the presence and potential risks of the chemicals found in household products. There is potential to reduce the levels of contaminants in waste streams or substitute them with less harmful alternatives by raising awareness. This framework is based on ‘The Natural Step’ and the concept of essentiality; it recognises the importance of engaging with communities to raise awareness of each individual’s contribution to the problem. Our daily activities and behavioural patterns can have adverse consequences, including the release of persistent contaminants in main waste streams from our kitchens, bathrooms, and green wastes. The ‘Up-the-Pipe Solutions’ framework was successfully used in a small community to engage with school children, local authorities, and Māori leaders to raise awareness of chemical pollution.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":"8 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135818937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.3390/pollutants3040032
Thomas Shahady, José Joaquín Montero-Ramírez
End-point evaluation of stream health is essential for the quantification of water quality. To this end, many Multi-Metric Indices (MMIs) have been developed to quantify water quality. The most extensive work has occurred in North America and Europe, while other areas of the world are in development. In this study, we compared the use of relevant physical, chemical and biological parameters in MMIs to various other stream health indicators to assess water quality throughout a three-river corridor along the north central Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Analysis of the data suggested MMIs were the best indicators of water quality and, more specifically, insect MMIs were the most predicative. MMIs were also best at pinpointing anthropomorphic impact throughout the corridor. Further, less complex insect MMIs such as compilations of family diversity using Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) orders were equally as predictive as the more complex models. With a need to better understand and use citizen monitors to predict water quality in these tropical environments, less complex insect MMIs show promise as a solution.
{"title":"End-Point Predictors of Water Quality in Tropical Rivers","authors":"Thomas Shahady, José Joaquín Montero-Ramírez","doi":"10.3390/pollutants3040032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants3040032","url":null,"abstract":"End-point evaluation of stream health is essential for the quantification of water quality. To this end, many Multi-Metric Indices (MMIs) have been developed to quantify water quality. The most extensive work has occurred in North America and Europe, while other areas of the world are in development. In this study, we compared the use of relevant physical, chemical and biological parameters in MMIs to various other stream health indicators to assess water quality throughout a three-river corridor along the north central Pacific slope of Costa Rica. Analysis of the data suggested MMIs were the best indicators of water quality and, more specifically, insect MMIs were the most predicative. MMIs were also best at pinpointing anthropomorphic impact throughout the corridor. Further, less complex insect MMIs such as compilations of family diversity using Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) orders were equally as predictive as the more complex models. With a need to better understand and use citizen monitors to predict water quality in these tropical environments, less complex insect MMIs show promise as a solution.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.3390/pollutants3040031
Bettina Eck-Varanka, Nóra Kováts, Katalin Hubai, Tsend-Ayush Sainnokhoi
Temperature-dependent chemical toxicity has become a crucial issue taking into consideration that lakes, especially shallow waterbodies, are impacted by climate change worldwide. In this study, we are looking for an answer to what extent standard ecotoxicity assays being performed under constant and relatively low temperatures are capable of predicting the chemical risk posed by pesticides. Lemna minor test plants were exposed to glyphosate in concentrations in the range of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/L at temperatures 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C. Two peaks appeared when growth inhibition was assessed; lower concentrations elucidated higher inhibition, at 20 °C, while higher concentrations were found at a higher temperature of 30 °C. The toxic effect experienced at 20 °C indicates that reported PNEC values cannot be sufficient to protect non-target aquatic species in certain environmental scenarios. In addition to growth inhibition, phytotoxicity was also assessed based on peroxidase (POD) concentrations. In general, POD showed greater sensitivity, already showing a response at the lowest temperature tested, 10 °C. Decreased POD activity was detected in the temperature range of 10–30 °C, most probably indicating damage to cell and plasma membranes.
{"title":"Assessing the Effect of Glyphosate Toxicity on Lemna minor in Different Temperature Regimes","authors":"Bettina Eck-Varanka, Nóra Kováts, Katalin Hubai, Tsend-Ayush Sainnokhoi","doi":"10.3390/pollutants3040031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants3040031","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature-dependent chemical toxicity has become a crucial issue taking into consideration that lakes, especially shallow waterbodies, are impacted by climate change worldwide. In this study, we are looking for an answer to what extent standard ecotoxicity assays being performed under constant and relatively low temperatures are capable of predicting the chemical risk posed by pesticides. Lemna minor test plants were exposed to glyphosate in concentrations in the range of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/L at temperatures 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C. Two peaks appeared when growth inhibition was assessed; lower concentrations elucidated higher inhibition, at 20 °C, while higher concentrations were found at a higher temperature of 30 °C. The toxic effect experienced at 20 °C indicates that reported PNEC values cannot be sufficient to protect non-target aquatic species in certain environmental scenarios. In addition to growth inhibition, phytotoxicity was also assessed based on peroxidase (POD) concentrations. In general, POD showed greater sensitivity, already showing a response at the lowest temperature tested, 10 °C. Decreased POD activity was detected in the temperature range of 10–30 °C, most probably indicating damage to cell and plasma membranes.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135301883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.3390/pollutants3040030
Giuseppe Cillis, Antonio Lanorte, Valentina Santarsiero, Gabriele Nolè
Wildfires represent a significant threat to protected areas around the world. This threat has become even more pronounced in recent years due to climate change. These fires can destroy, among other things, natural habitats, cause a loss of biodiversity, and affect air quality. In addition, they can have a significant economic impact on countries that depend on tourism and protected area activities. In this context, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can provide an important solution for fire management in protected areas. In this case study, the Basilicata region (Southern Italy) was taken as an example where data on protected areas and fire events are freely accessible and constantly updated. By exploiting several interoperable GIS tools, it was possible to perform a complex geospatial analysis that provided important information for sustainable and resilient land use planning. In particular, areas with the highest frequency of fires within or close to protected areas emerged, which can therefore be attended to at different planning levels. In addition, in general, the work has made it possible to implement simple methodologies of relational analysis between fires and protected areas that can be easily employed in administrative settings so as to make the territory more resilient to the expected increase in fires due to climatic changes.
{"title":"Natural Hazard Impact in Protected Areas for Resilience Management: The Case of Wildfires in the Basilicata Region","authors":"Giuseppe Cillis, Antonio Lanorte, Valentina Santarsiero, Gabriele Nolè","doi":"10.3390/pollutants3040030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pollutants3040030","url":null,"abstract":"Wildfires represent a significant threat to protected areas around the world. This threat has become even more pronounced in recent years due to climate change. These fires can destroy, among other things, natural habitats, cause a loss of biodiversity, and affect air quality. In addition, they can have a significant economic impact on countries that depend on tourism and protected area activities. In this context, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can provide an important solution for fire management in protected areas. In this case study, the Basilicata region (Southern Italy) was taken as an example where data on protected areas and fire events are freely accessible and constantly updated. By exploiting several interoperable GIS tools, it was possible to perform a complex geospatial analysis that provided important information for sustainable and resilient land use planning. In particular, areas with the highest frequency of fires within or close to protected areas emerged, which can therefore be attended to at different planning levels. In addition, in general, the work has made it possible to implement simple methodologies of relational analysis between fires and protected areas that can be easily employed in administrative settings so as to make the territory more resilient to the expected increase in fires due to climatic changes.","PeriodicalId":20301,"journal":{"name":"Pollutants","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135426164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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