Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1177/09673911231201049
Tao Guo, Xu Youhui, Chen Ziran, Yang Fan, Wang Jiexue, Chang Bo, Chen Congdi, Han Tao
Owing to the requirement for environmental protection, water-based coatings have become a significant trend in the development of coatings. The water-based epoxy curing agent has also become a hot research topic. In this study, a B-A-B epoxy compound with a long hydrophobic alkyl chain connected to the intermediate nitrogen atom was synthesized at both ends of a molecule using ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and 3,4-dimethoxyaniline as raw materials. Subsequently, the epoxy compound was sealed with triethylenetetramine. A nonionic, water-based epoxy resin curing agent with amino groups at both ends of the molecule was prepared. The target product structure was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (IR), Mass spectrum (MS), and Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy ( 1 H-NMR). Additionally, through three factors and three levels of orthogonal experimental design, the optimum experimental conditions were confirmed, the optimum yield was 82.83%. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the monomer exhibited a significant weight loss in the temperature range of 320–450°C. The pencil hardness, flexibility, and impact resistance of the waterborne epoxy resin coating film prepared by the non-ionic water-based epoxy curing agent reached or exceeded those of similar products at China and foreign countries.
{"title":"Synthesis and properties of a nonionic water-based epoxy curing agent","authors":"Tao Guo, Xu Youhui, Chen Ziran, Yang Fan, Wang Jiexue, Chang Bo, Chen Congdi, Han Tao","doi":"10.1177/09673911231201049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911231201049","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to the requirement for environmental protection, water-based coatings have become a significant trend in the development of coatings. The water-based epoxy curing agent has also become a hot research topic. In this study, a B-A-B epoxy compound with a long hydrophobic alkyl chain connected to the intermediate nitrogen atom was synthesized at both ends of a molecule using ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether and 3,4-dimethoxyaniline as raw materials. Subsequently, the epoxy compound was sealed with triethylenetetramine. A nonionic, water-based epoxy resin curing agent with amino groups at both ends of the molecule was prepared. The target product structure was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (IR), Mass spectrum (MS), and Nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy ( 1 H-NMR). Additionally, through three factors and three levels of orthogonal experimental design, the optimum experimental conditions were confirmed, the optimum yield was 82.83%. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the monomer exhibited a significant weight loss in the temperature range of 320–450°C. The pencil hardness, flexibility, and impact resistance of the waterborne epoxy resin coating film prepared by the non-ionic water-based epoxy curing agent reached or exceeded those of similar products at China and foreign countries.","PeriodicalId":20322,"journal":{"name":"Polymers & Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136308149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1177/09673911231202888
Muhammad A Javed, Zeeshan Asghar, Hafiz Muhammad Atif, Mehreen Nisar
The analyses of the calendering processes using Oldroyd 8-constant fluid model with the non-linear slip condition effects are discussed in this paper. To model the flow equations for the study of calendering, we utilized the conservation of mass, momentum equations, and Oldroyd 8-constant model. The final equations are reduced into fourth order differential equations by utilizing lubrication approximation theory (LAT). MATLAB’s built-in function bvp4c is employed to calculate the stream function and the fluid velocity. Furthermore, pressure gradient, pressure, and mechanical quantities of calendering processes are obtained by fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The effects of the slip and material parameters of Oldroyd 8-constant fluid on the physical quantities related to calendering are illustrated via graphical figures. The presence of slip is resistive to length of contract and pressure distribution. On the other hand the pressure showed the increasing trend with increase the value of material parameter ([Formula: see text]). The engineering quantity such as force function show decreasing with increase the values of the slip parameter K. As evident from the study, the material parameters play a crucial role in controlling the pressure, thereby influencing the final sheet thickness and separating force. With an increase in the material parameter [Formula: see text], both the sheet thickness and roll-separating force show a corresponding increase.
{"title":"A computational study of the calendering processes using Oldroyd 8-constant fluid with slip effects","authors":"Muhammad A Javed, Zeeshan Asghar, Hafiz Muhammad Atif, Mehreen Nisar","doi":"10.1177/09673911231202888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911231202888","url":null,"abstract":"The analyses of the calendering processes using Oldroyd 8-constant fluid model with the non-linear slip condition effects are discussed in this paper. To model the flow equations for the study of calendering, we utilized the conservation of mass, momentum equations, and Oldroyd 8-constant model. The final equations are reduced into fourth order differential equations by utilizing lubrication approximation theory (LAT). MATLAB’s built-in function bvp4c is employed to calculate the stream function and the fluid velocity. Furthermore, pressure gradient, pressure, and mechanical quantities of calendering processes are obtained by fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The effects of the slip and material parameters of Oldroyd 8-constant fluid on the physical quantities related to calendering are illustrated via graphical figures. The presence of slip is resistive to length of contract and pressure distribution. On the other hand the pressure showed the increasing trend with increase the value of material parameter ([Formula: see text]). The engineering quantity such as force function show decreasing with increase the values of the slip parameter K. As evident from the study, the material parameters play a crucial role in controlling the pressure, thereby influencing the final sheet thickness and separating force. With an increase in the material parameter [Formula: see text], both the sheet thickness and roll-separating force show a corresponding increase.","PeriodicalId":20322,"journal":{"name":"Polymers & Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136313577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-09DOI: 10.1177/09673911231195194
Yuqi Liu, Xinjing Cai, Dan Zhang
High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) cable accessories are the key equipment to connect HVDC cables, and also the weak link in the cable system. In order to investigate the transport characteristics of space charge in cable joints, a two-dimensional axisymmetric cable joint model was established using the bipolar charge transport model, and its space charge and electric field distribution were analyzed through numerical simulation. Furthermore, the effects of the trap depth based on molecular chain displacement and temperature field on interface charge distribution of cable joint were compared with the basic model, respectively. The results show that the stress cone root and the top of the high-voltage shield are easy to accumulate space charges, which will lead to electric field distortion. The trap depth based on molecular chain displacement is larger than that of basic model at the insulation interface, which hinders the charge transport. The model without considering the effect of temperature field accumulates less charge, and the electric field and space charge at the stress cone root and the top of the high-voltage shield change gently with time. The above research results can provide a reference for the design and optimization of cable joints.
{"title":"Study on space charge accumulation characteristics of 320 kV cross-linked polyethylene cable joints","authors":"Yuqi Liu, Xinjing Cai, Dan Zhang","doi":"10.1177/09673911231195194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911231195194","url":null,"abstract":"High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) cable accessories are the key equipment to connect HVDC cables, and also the weak link in the cable system. In order to investigate the transport characteristics of space charge in cable joints, a two-dimensional axisymmetric cable joint model was established using the bipolar charge transport model, and its space charge and electric field distribution were analyzed through numerical simulation. Furthermore, the effects of the trap depth based on molecular chain displacement and temperature field on interface charge distribution of cable joint were compared with the basic model, respectively. The results show that the stress cone root and the top of the high-voltage shield are easy to accumulate space charges, which will lead to electric field distortion. The trap depth based on molecular chain displacement is larger than that of basic model at the insulation interface, which hinders the charge transport. The model without considering the effect of temperature field accumulates less charge, and the electric field and space charge at the stress cone root and the top of the high-voltage shield change gently with time. The above research results can provide a reference for the design and optimization of cable joints.","PeriodicalId":20322,"journal":{"name":"Polymers & Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136191871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.1177/096739111702500604
Wildner Wolfgang, Drummer Dietmar
Refraction of light at the interface of two materials occurs if they have different refractive indices (RI). Therefore, it is theoretically possible to produce bright, transparent, glassreinforced polymers by matching the materials’ RI. This largely depends, among other factors, on the wavelength of the incident light (dispersion) and on the temperature of the material (thermo-optic coefficient), whereby the RI of polymers in the visual range increases with decreasing wavelength and temperature1,2 and the refractive index of glass also decreases with the wavelength but usually increases with increasing temperatures3. Whereas the dispersion of transparent polymers and optical glass may be identical, the thermooptic coefficient ∆nrel/∆T of glass has a value between -5.4 and 32.2x 10-6/K 4. Polymers have a negative thermo-optic coefficient, which is nearly two orders of magnitude higher5. These facts lead to a wavelength-dependent and at least temperature-dependent transmission of the aforementioned composites6.
{"title":"The Mechanical and Optical Properties of Injection-moulded PMMA, Filled with Glass Particles of a Matching Refractive Index","authors":"Wildner Wolfgang, Drummer Dietmar","doi":"10.1177/096739111702500604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096739111702500604","url":null,"abstract":"Refraction of light at the interface of two materials occurs if they have different refractive indices (RI). Therefore, it is theoretically possible to produce bright, transparent, glassreinforced polymers by matching the materials’ RI. This largely depends, among other factors, on the wavelength of the incident light (dispersion) and on the temperature of the material (thermo-optic coefficient), whereby the RI of polymers in the visual range increases with decreasing wavelength and temperature1,2 and the refractive index of glass also decreases with the wavelength but usually increases with increasing temperatures3. Whereas the dispersion of transparent polymers and optical glass may be identical, the thermooptic coefficient ∆nrel/∆T of glass has a value between -5.4 and 32.2x 10-6/K 4. Polymers have a negative thermo-optic coefficient, which is nearly two orders of magnitude higher5. These facts lead to a wavelength-dependent and at least temperature-dependent transmission of the aforementioned composites6.","PeriodicalId":20322,"journal":{"name":"Polymers & Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74103514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1177/096739111702500403
C. Logan, Diaz Agustin, W. Qingsheng, Cheng Zhengdong, Mannan M. Sam
Annually, household fires cause 7 billion dollars worth of damage to property in the United States1. Fortunately, this number is decreasing due in part to continuous advances in material flammability and firefighting procedures. In order to drive down fire losses even further, problem areas must be identified, and mitigation strategies must be developed. One area of improvement is in the realm of polymers. Polymeric materials are inexpensive, lightweight, and high strength, leading to their widespread integration into industrial and household applications. Since nearly all polymers are hydrocarbon-based, they provide an energy-rich fuel source in the event of a fire, making the mitigation of polymer flammability key in reducing fire losses.
{"title":"Thermal Stability of Optically Transparent Alpha-Zirconium Phosphate/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanocomposites with High Particle Loading","authors":"C. Logan, Diaz Agustin, W. Qingsheng, Cheng Zhengdong, Mannan M. Sam","doi":"10.1177/096739111702500403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096739111702500403","url":null,"abstract":"Annually, household fires cause 7 billion dollars worth of damage to property in the United States1. Fortunately, this number is decreasing due in part to continuous advances in material flammability and firefighting procedures. In order to drive down fire losses even further, problem areas must be identified, and mitigation strategies must be developed. One area of improvement is in the realm of polymers. Polymeric materials are inexpensive, lightweight, and high strength, leading to their widespread integration into industrial and household applications. Since nearly all polymers are hydrocarbon-based, they provide an energy-rich fuel source in the event of a fire, making the mitigation of polymer flammability key in reducing fire losses.","PeriodicalId":20322,"journal":{"name":"Polymers & Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81029158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-01DOI: 10.1177/096739111702500401
Lavoratti Alessandra, Romanzini Daiane, C. Sandro, J. Z. Ademir
Natural fibres, such as sisal, flax, hemp, curaua, ramie and buriti have been studied due to a growing interest in using natural fibres to substitute synthetic fibres in polymer composites. Their main advantages are low cost and low weight, combined with satisfactory mechanical properties1-2. Furthermore, they possess high toughness, reduced tool wear, good insulation properties, reduced human health hazard and enhanced energy recovery, as well as being recyclable and biodegradable3.
{"title":"Influence of Fibre Treatment on the Characteristics of Buriti and Ramie Polyester Composites","authors":"Lavoratti Alessandra, Romanzini Daiane, C. Sandro, J. Z. Ademir","doi":"10.1177/096739111702500401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096739111702500401","url":null,"abstract":"Natural fibres, such as sisal, flax, hemp, curaua, ramie and buriti have been studied due to a growing interest in using natural fibres to substitute synthetic fibres in polymer composites. Their main advantages are low cost and low weight, combined with satisfactory mechanical properties1-2. Furthermore, they possess high toughness, reduced tool wear, good insulation properties, reduced human health hazard and enhanced energy recovery, as well as being recyclable and biodegradable3.","PeriodicalId":20322,"journal":{"name":"Polymers & Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2017-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81684719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.1177/096739111702500110
Yee Bond Teea, Rosnita A. Talibb, Khalina Abdand, Nyuk Ling Chinb, Roseliza Kadir Bashab, Khairul Faezah Md Yunosb
Yee Bond Teea, Rosnita A. Talibb,c*, Khalina Abdand, Nyuk Ling Chinb, Roseliza Kadir Bashab and Khairul Faezah Md Yunosb aDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia bDepartment of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia cHalal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia dDepartment of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
{"title":"Effect of Aminosilane Concentrations on the Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Kenaf-Derived Cellulose Composites","authors":"Yee Bond Teea, Rosnita A. Talibb, Khalina Abdand, Nyuk Ling Chinb, Roseliza Kadir Bashab, Khairul Faezah Md Yunosb","doi":"10.1177/096739111702500110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/096739111702500110","url":null,"abstract":"Yee Bond Teea, Rosnita A. Talibb,c*, Khalina Abdand, Nyuk Ling Chinb, Roseliza Kadir Bashab and Khairul Faezah Md Yunosb aDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia bDepartment of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia cHalal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia dDepartment of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia","PeriodicalId":20322,"journal":{"name":"Polymers & Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90643151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors evaluated the usefulness of nanoscale boehmite crystals as a filler for anti-wear and anti-corrosion polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) coatings exposed to a very harsh, 300 C corrosive geothermal environment. The boehmite fillers dispersed uniformly into the PPS coating, conferring two advanced properties: First, they reduced markedly the rate of blasting wear; second, they increased the PPS's glass transition temperature and thermal decomposition temperature. The wear rate of PPS surfaces was reduced three times when 5wt% boehmite was incorporated into the PPS. During exposure for 15 days at 300 C, the PPS underwent hydrothermal oxidation, leading to the substitution of sulfide linkages by the sulfite linkages. However, such molecular alteration did not significantly diminish the ability of the coating to protect carbon steel against corrosion. In fact, PPS coating filled with boehmite of {le} 5wt% adequately mitigated its corrosion in brine at 300 C. One concern in using this filler was that it absorbs brine. Thus, adding an excess amount of boehmite was detrimental to achieving the maximum protection afforded by the coatings.
{"title":"NANOSCALE BOEHMITE FILLER FOR CORROSION AND WEAR RESISTANT POLYPHENYLENESULFIDE COATINGS.","authors":"T. Sugama","doi":"10.2172/812306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/812306","url":null,"abstract":"The authors evaluated the usefulness of nanoscale boehmite crystals as a filler for anti-wear and anti-corrosion polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) coatings exposed to a very harsh, 300 C corrosive geothermal environment. The boehmite fillers dispersed uniformly into the PPS coating, conferring two advanced properties: First, they reduced markedly the rate of blasting wear; second, they increased the PPS's glass transition temperature and thermal decomposition temperature. The wear rate of PPS surfaces was reduced three times when 5wt% boehmite was incorporated into the PPS. During exposure for 15 days at 300 C, the PPS underwent hydrothermal oxidation, leading to the substitution of sulfide linkages by the sulfite linkages. However, such molecular alteration did not significantly diminish the ability of the coating to protect carbon steel against corrosion. In fact, PPS coating filled with boehmite of {le} 5wt% adequately mitigated its corrosion in brine at 300 C. One concern in using this filler was that it absorbs brine. Thus, adding an excess amount of boehmite was detrimental to achieving the maximum protection afforded by the coatings.","PeriodicalId":20322,"journal":{"name":"Polymers & Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2004-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83830337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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