Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.1177/09673911231213357
Liping Peng, Wei Xie, Sha Gong, Fuyun Hu
Fluorinated polyimide materials were selected for their exceptional flexibility, high thermal stability, and minimal absorption loss. These materials were subsequently employed in the production of single-mode polymer optical waveguide devices using photolithography. In this study, a fluorinated polyimide material doped with NaYF 4 nanocrystals was prepared and confirmed to exhibit low absorption loss near 1550 nm, which is within the common communication window. The refractive index of the fluorinated polyimide films was precisely adjusted by the NaYF 4 doping, the adjustable ranges for the refractive index were 1.95% and 1.72% for doped and undoped, respectively. Secondly, utilizing the NaYF 4 nanocrystals doped-fluorinated polyimide materials, a three-layer single-mode polymer optical waveguide device for C-band (near 1550 nm) optical interconnection was fabricated by etching the underlying cladding and employing silicon nitride as a mask. The transmission performance of the device was excellent, with a total waveguide coupling and transmission loss of 1.502 dBm.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of fluorinated polyimide doped with NaYF<sub>4</sub> nanocrystals for optical waveguide applications","authors":"Liping Peng, Wei Xie, Sha Gong, Fuyun Hu","doi":"10.1177/09673911231213357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911231213357","url":null,"abstract":"Fluorinated polyimide materials were selected for their exceptional flexibility, high thermal stability, and minimal absorption loss. These materials were subsequently employed in the production of single-mode polymer optical waveguide devices using photolithography. In this study, a fluorinated polyimide material doped with NaYF 4 nanocrystals was prepared and confirmed to exhibit low absorption loss near 1550 nm, which is within the common communication window. The refractive index of the fluorinated polyimide films was precisely adjusted by the NaYF 4 doping, the adjustable ranges for the refractive index were 1.95% and 1.72% for doped and undoped, respectively. Secondly, utilizing the NaYF 4 nanocrystals doped-fluorinated polyimide materials, a three-layer single-mode polymer optical waveguide device for C-band (near 1550 nm) optical interconnection was fabricated by etching the underlying cladding and employing silicon nitride as a mask. The transmission performance of the device was excellent, with a total waveguide coupling and transmission loss of 1.502 dBm.","PeriodicalId":20322,"journal":{"name":"Polymers & Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135818526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.1177/09673911231208590
Vincent Dötschel, Sebastian Pfaller, Maximilian Ries
Polymers play an emerging role in modern engineering applications due to their comparatively low cost, low density, and versatile manufacturing. The addition of nano-sized fillers further enhances the polymer’s properties but also induces a strong dependence on the resulting microstructure, particularly the matrix-filler interphase. Since an experimental characterization of this nano-sized interphase is extremely difficult, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to study the effects at such small scales. However, MD’s high computational costs usually limit the scope of a mechanical characterization. Therefore, this study presents the methodology and tools to generate and analyze samples of an efficient generic thermoplastic model. In this first contribution, we focus on the neat polymer and introduce a versatile and numerically stable self-avoiding random walker with adjustable linearity of chain growth. Moreover, we verify our equilibration procedure by preparing samples in liquid and solid state which behave physically sound. Finally, we perform uniaxial tensile tests with a maximum strain of 10 % to evaluate the mechanical properties. In the liquid case, the polymer chains are sufficiently mobile, such that the tensile stresses fluctuate only around zero, while the solid exhibits an almost linear elastic regime followed by a nonlinear part. This contribution forms the basis for a thorough mechanical characterization of polymer nanocomposites which we will address in future studies. The methodology and tools introduced are not limited to our generic polymer, but applicable to many coarse-grained models.
{"title":"Studying the mechanical behavior of a generic thermoplastic by means of a fast coarse-grained molecular dynamics model","authors":"Vincent Dötschel, Sebastian Pfaller, Maximilian Ries","doi":"10.1177/09673911231208590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911231208590","url":null,"abstract":"Polymers play an emerging role in modern engineering applications due to their comparatively low cost, low density, and versatile manufacturing. The addition of nano-sized fillers further enhances the polymer’s properties but also induces a strong dependence on the resulting microstructure, particularly the matrix-filler interphase. Since an experimental characterization of this nano-sized interphase is extremely difficult, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to study the effects at such small scales. However, MD’s high computational costs usually limit the scope of a mechanical characterization. Therefore, this study presents the methodology and tools to generate and analyze samples of an efficient generic thermoplastic model. In this first contribution, we focus on the neat polymer and introduce a versatile and numerically stable self-avoiding random walker with adjustable linearity of chain growth. Moreover, we verify our equilibration procedure by preparing samples in liquid and solid state which behave physically sound. Finally, we perform uniaxial tensile tests with a maximum strain of 10 % to evaluate the mechanical properties. In the liquid case, the polymer chains are sufficiently mobile, such that the tensile stresses fluctuate only around zero, while the solid exhibits an almost linear elastic regime followed by a nonlinear part. This contribution forms the basis for a thorough mechanical characterization of polymer nanocomposites which we will address in future studies. The methodology and tools introduced are not limited to our generic polymer, but applicable to many coarse-grained models.","PeriodicalId":20322,"journal":{"name":"Polymers & Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135868039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-03DOI: 10.1177/09673911231211450
Longquan Liu, Zhongwei Guan
Hat-stiffened composite skins have been widely used in primary structures of aircraft components. The bonding strength at the stiffener-skin interface is critical to ensure the advanced load-bearing capacity of the stiffened skin, whereas, the deltoid regions are usually the weakest locations because of the geometrical singularity. Inserting fillers into the deltoid regions could alter the bonding strength. In this study, a series of four-point bending tests are conducted on the co-cured hat-stiffened composite skin specimens with and without fillers and with different pre-fabricated debonding defects, furthermore, finite element simulations are implemented to predict the failure process. The stiffness, initial failure load, failure mode and failure process are analyzed to obtain the influences of the fillers on the damage tolerance of the hat-stiffened composite panels, and the influential mechanisms were revealed by the combined analyses of the test and simulation results. It is found that the usage of fillers can increase the initial stiffness of the panel without prefabricated defects by about 10%, but provide limited influence on the initial failure load. The pre-fabricated debonding defect along longitudinal direction has little influence on the stiffness and failure load, but the influence of the defect along transverse direction are higher. The initial failure of all hat-stiffened composite panels with/without filler and with/without prefabricated defects under four-point bending onsets around the deltoid region. The usage of the fillers changed the load transfer and the stress status in the deltoid region of the hat-stiffened composite panels and as a consequence, the initial failure modes were changed and the failure load were increased by the fillers. This work provides a technical support for the damage tolerance design and strengthening method of hat-stiffened composite structures.
{"title":"Effects of the fillers on the interface strength of the hat-stiffened composite panel","authors":"Longquan Liu, Zhongwei Guan","doi":"10.1177/09673911231211450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911231211450","url":null,"abstract":"Hat-stiffened composite skins have been widely used in primary structures of aircraft components. The bonding strength at the stiffener-skin interface is critical to ensure the advanced load-bearing capacity of the stiffened skin, whereas, the deltoid regions are usually the weakest locations because of the geometrical singularity. Inserting fillers into the deltoid regions could alter the bonding strength. In this study, a series of four-point bending tests are conducted on the co-cured hat-stiffened composite skin specimens with and without fillers and with different pre-fabricated debonding defects, furthermore, finite element simulations are implemented to predict the failure process. The stiffness, initial failure load, failure mode and failure process are analyzed to obtain the influences of the fillers on the damage tolerance of the hat-stiffened composite panels, and the influential mechanisms were revealed by the combined analyses of the test and simulation results. It is found that the usage of fillers can increase the initial stiffness of the panel without prefabricated defects by about 10%, but provide limited influence on the initial failure load. The pre-fabricated debonding defect along longitudinal direction has little influence on the stiffness and failure load, but the influence of the defect along transverse direction are higher. The initial failure of all hat-stiffened composite panels with/without filler and with/without prefabricated defects under four-point bending onsets around the deltoid region. The usage of the fillers changed the load transfer and the stress status in the deltoid region of the hat-stiffened composite panels and as a consequence, the initial failure modes were changed and the failure load were increased by the fillers. This work provides a technical support for the damage tolerance design and strengthening method of hat-stiffened composite structures.","PeriodicalId":20322,"journal":{"name":"Polymers & Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135873757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1177/09673911231212803
Ying Wang, Zhiqing Lai, Xueying Yang, Gang Li
Macroporous cation exchange resins (CER) were used as carriers, and CuO loaded cation exchange resin composites was successfully prepared under thermostatic oscillation and hydrothermal conditions. The results showed that the as-prepared composites exhibited obvious shell-core structure. The different amounts of NaOH affected the micro morphology of CuO on the surface and in the internal pores of the resin, and also affected the percentage content of Cu element. XRD characterization clearly revealed that the products were monoclinic crystal system CuO species with a grain size of about 16 nm. The highest degradation rate of polyacrylamide (PAM) by CuO@IER-1g reached 81.94%, after 6 cycles CuO@CER-1g has still good photocatalytic activity, and the decrease in degradation rate was the combined effect from the adsorption of ion exchange resins and the electron-hole pairs formed by CuO and a series of free radical transfer reactions under ultraviolet light. This study has important theoretical basis and practical significance for enriching ion exchange theory, developing the photocatalytic industry, and purifying the environment.
{"title":"Preparation of CuO loaded cation exchange resin composites and its degradation of polyacrylamide aqueous solution","authors":"Ying Wang, Zhiqing Lai, Xueying Yang, Gang Li","doi":"10.1177/09673911231212803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911231212803","url":null,"abstract":"Macroporous cation exchange resins (CER) were used as carriers, and CuO loaded cation exchange resin composites was successfully prepared under thermostatic oscillation and hydrothermal conditions. The results showed that the as-prepared composites exhibited obvious shell-core structure. The different amounts of NaOH affected the micro morphology of CuO on the surface and in the internal pores of the resin, and also affected the percentage content of Cu element. XRD characterization clearly revealed that the products were monoclinic crystal system CuO species with a grain size of about 16 nm. The highest degradation rate of polyacrylamide (PAM) by CuO@IER-1g reached 81.94%, after 6 cycles CuO@CER-1g has still good photocatalytic activity, and the decrease in degradation rate was the combined effect from the adsorption of ion exchange resins and the electron-hole pairs formed by CuO and a series of free radical transfer reactions under ultraviolet light. This study has important theoretical basis and practical significance for enriching ion exchange theory, developing the photocatalytic industry, and purifying the environment.","PeriodicalId":20322,"journal":{"name":"Polymers & Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135373251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1177/09673911231202186
Feng Tang, Dae Su Kim
Hydrophilic cellulose powder was modified with palm oil for hydrophobicity to strengthen the interfacial bonding between cellulose powder and hydrophobic polypropylene (PP). The palm oil-modified cellulose powders with various palm oil contents were analyzed by compatibility test, FTIR spectroscopy and TGA. The IR absorption peak for the ester bridges between cellulose powder and palm oil increased with the palm oil content attached to the cellulose powder. The PP/cellulose (80/20 by weight) composites with the pristine or one of the modified cellulose powders were prepared by melt blending followed by compression molding. The mechanical properties of the composites were measured by an impact and tensile test. The impact strength, elongation at break and water-resistance increased but tensile modulus decreased with the palm oil content. The composite with 4.87 wt.% of the palm oil showed optimum tensile properties. The SEM images showed that the interfacial bonding between the cellulose powders and the PP matrix was strengthened by the modification of the cellulose powder with the palm oil.
{"title":"Characteristics of polypropylene composites filled with palm oil-modified cellulose powder","authors":"Feng Tang, Dae Su Kim","doi":"10.1177/09673911231202186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911231202186","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrophilic cellulose powder was modified with palm oil for hydrophobicity to strengthen the interfacial bonding between cellulose powder and hydrophobic polypropylene (PP). The palm oil-modified cellulose powders with various palm oil contents were analyzed by compatibility test, FTIR spectroscopy and TGA. The IR absorption peak for the ester bridges between cellulose powder and palm oil increased with the palm oil content attached to the cellulose powder. The PP/cellulose (80/20 by weight) composites with the pristine or one of the modified cellulose powders were prepared by melt blending followed by compression molding. The mechanical properties of the composites were measured by an impact and tensile test. The impact strength, elongation at break and water-resistance increased but tensile modulus decreased with the palm oil content. The composite with 4.87 wt.% of the palm oil showed optimum tensile properties. The SEM images showed that the interfacial bonding between the cellulose powders and the PP matrix was strengthened by the modification of the cellulose powder with the palm oil.","PeriodicalId":20322,"journal":{"name":"Polymers & Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135373077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1177/09673911231207297
Ponlapath Tipboonsri, Anin Memon
A long fiber thermoplastic pellet (LFTP) is a pellet that contains discontinuous fibers reinforced in thermoplastic. In this experiment, LFTPs were produced using the thermoplastic pultrusion process. The thermoplastic pultrusion process is uncomplicated in terms of the machine device, and it can improve the impregnation quality of LFTP. Glass fiber was used as the reinforced fiber, and PP fiber was used as the matrix. This experiment studied the effect of molding temperature and pulling speed on impregnation. The die system contained six heating zones. In the first step, zones 3 and 4 (melting zone) were varied at 200, 210, 220, and 230°C. The melting zone that exhibited good results was selected for the next step. In the second step, zones 5 and 6 (heat reduction zone) were varied at 160°C–190°C and 150°C–180°C, respectively. After determining the optimal molding temperature, the pulling speed was studied, with speeds varied at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 cm/min. The impregnated quality of the LFTP was investigated through microstructure analysis. A data logger was used to record the temperature profile in the pultrusion die. Furthermore, the impregnation quality and microstructure of LFTP from thermoplastic pultrusion were compared to commercial LFTP. The results showed that un-impregnation decreased with an increase in the melting zone temperature. In the heat reduction zone, un-impregnation decreased with a decrease in temperature. For the pulling speed, un-impregnation decreased with a decrease in speed. The optimal die system had a melting zone temperature of 230°C and a heat reduction zone temperature of 160 and 150°C. The optimal pulling speed was 10 cm/min, resulting in an un-impregnation rate of 8.06%. Additionally, commercial LFTP had an un-impregnation rate of 13.73%.
{"title":"Optimizing thermoplastic pultrusion parameters for quality long fiber thermoplastic pellets in glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene","authors":"Ponlapath Tipboonsri, Anin Memon","doi":"10.1177/09673911231207297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911231207297","url":null,"abstract":"A long fiber thermoplastic pellet (LFTP) is a pellet that contains discontinuous fibers reinforced in thermoplastic. In this experiment, LFTPs were produced using the thermoplastic pultrusion process. The thermoplastic pultrusion process is uncomplicated in terms of the machine device, and it can improve the impregnation quality of LFTP. Glass fiber was used as the reinforced fiber, and PP fiber was used as the matrix. This experiment studied the effect of molding temperature and pulling speed on impregnation. The die system contained six heating zones. In the first step, zones 3 and 4 (melting zone) were varied at 200, 210, 220, and 230°C. The melting zone that exhibited good results was selected for the next step. In the second step, zones 5 and 6 (heat reduction zone) were varied at 160°C–190°C and 150°C–180°C, respectively. After determining the optimal molding temperature, the pulling speed was studied, with speeds varied at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 cm/min. The impregnated quality of the LFTP was investigated through microstructure analysis. A data logger was used to record the temperature profile in the pultrusion die. Furthermore, the impregnation quality and microstructure of LFTP from thermoplastic pultrusion were compared to commercial LFTP. The results showed that un-impregnation decreased with an increase in the melting zone temperature. In the heat reduction zone, un-impregnation decreased with a decrease in temperature. For the pulling speed, un-impregnation decreased with a decrease in speed. The optimal die system had a melting zone temperature of 230°C and a heat reduction zone temperature of 160 and 150°C. The optimal pulling speed was 10 cm/min, resulting in an un-impregnation rate of 8.06%. Additionally, commercial LFTP had an un-impregnation rate of 13.73%.","PeriodicalId":20322,"journal":{"name":"Polymers & Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136013178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article suggests an engineering design for developing the probabilistic Wöhler diagram of rubber parts. The presented methodology includes multiaxial fatigue study as well as probabilistic fatigue calculation based on Wöhler diagrams. This approach is basically built on the Cracking Energy Density (CED) criterion. This is achieved by combining sophisticated Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). To this end, a 3D-FEA numerical model is produced for several loading cases by means of the commercial software ABAQUS.
{"title":"FE and probabilistic analysis for rubber life estimation considering cracking energy density as a fatigue predictor","authors":"Salma Belkhiria, Raoudha Seddik, Adel Hamdi, Raouf Fathallah","doi":"10.1177/09673911231202377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911231202377","url":null,"abstract":"This article suggests an engineering design for developing the probabilistic Wöhler diagram of rubber parts. The presented methodology includes multiaxial fatigue study as well as probabilistic fatigue calculation based on Wöhler diagrams. This approach is basically built on the Cracking Energy Density (CED) criterion. This is achieved by combining sophisticated Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). To this end, a 3D-FEA numerical model is produced for several loading cases by means of the commercial software ABAQUS.","PeriodicalId":20322,"journal":{"name":"Polymers & Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135094316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-08DOI: 10.1177/09673911231184340
M Zallaghi, N Joupari, H Azizi, SA Shalchi, I Ghasemi
In this study, silane grafted and moisture cross-linked low density polyethylene nanocomposite foams were prepared by melt mixing and batch foaming process and the effects of silane content, nanoclay content, foaming agent concentration and clay type (clay modified with vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) and amino-propyltriethoxysilane on foaming efficiency and foam properties were investigated. The morphology and the efficiency of silane modification of modified clay were characterized by series of tests, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results of Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the silane modifiers were bonded to the surface of nanoclay through both physical and chemical bonds. According to XRD, these modifiers caused characteristic peak of clay to shift to lower angles, and make an increase in basal spacing. Gel content, density, scanning electron microscopy, compression, creep and rheological tests were used to determine the effect of different parameters on properties of cross-linked polyethylene foams. Results indicated that silane content has the significant effect on stress-strain behavior in compression mode. Compression set and creep deformation were affected by cell size and gel content. Furthermore, the rheological properties including complex viscosity, storage and loss modulus of unformed samples increased with the addition of silane and nanoclay content.
{"title":"Preparation and properties of silane cross-linked polyethylene nanocomposite foams: The effect of silane and nanoclay type and content","authors":"M Zallaghi, N Joupari, H Azizi, SA Shalchi, I Ghasemi","doi":"10.1177/09673911231184340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911231184340","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, silane grafted and moisture cross-linked low density polyethylene nanocomposite foams were prepared by melt mixing and batch foaming process and the effects of silane content, nanoclay content, foaming agent concentration and clay type (clay modified with vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) and amino-propyltriethoxysilane on foaming efficiency and foam properties were investigated. The morphology and the efficiency of silane modification of modified clay were characterized by series of tests, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results of Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the silane modifiers were bonded to the surface of nanoclay through both physical and chemical bonds. According to XRD, these modifiers caused characteristic peak of clay to shift to lower angles, and make an increase in basal spacing. Gel content, density, scanning electron microscopy, compression, creep and rheological tests were used to determine the effect of different parameters on properties of cross-linked polyethylene foams. Results indicated that silane content has the significant effect on stress-strain behavior in compression mode. Compression set and creep deformation were affected by cell size and gel content. Furthermore, the rheological properties including complex viscosity, storage and loss modulus of unformed samples increased with the addition of silane and nanoclay content.","PeriodicalId":20322,"journal":{"name":"Polymers & Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135198282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.1177/09673911231202153
Mohammad Mirzapour Roudpishi, Sayyed Mahdi Hosseini Farrash, Alireza Shaterzadeh
Today, advanced materials like fibrous composites are widely used in the industry due to their favorable strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance and many other suitable properties. Buckling phenomenon may occur in a thin composite structure subjected to high compressive loads. Moreover, the buckling strength of polymer based composites such as glass/epoxy decreases due to sunlight radiation. In this research, the effect of adding zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles as a reinforcement to the matrix material of glass/epoxy composite on the critical buckling load of the beam specimens is investigated experimentally. In addition, samples are exposed to simulated sunlight irradiation and the effect of adding nanoparticles is investigated. Rectangular composite beams are made and reinforced with 1 wt. % of ZnO nanoparticles. Beams are clamped under tensile testing machine for buckling test. Compressive load is applied to the beams in the longitudinal direction and force-displacement graphs are plotted. Results indicate that the addition of ZnO nanoparticles into the epoxy resin increases the critical buckling load of these beams. As the results show, the critical buckling load of ZnO reinforced glass/epoxy specimens increases by %39.4 with respect to that of glass/epoxy samples. Moreover, to investigate the effect of adding nanoparticles after sunlight irradiation, some samples were placed in the accelerated weathering system for 24 h. Buckling test results represent a remarkable increase in the amount of critical buckling load for ZnO/glass/epoxy specimens even after the irradiation. SEM images of the break section of ZnO reinforced glass/epoxy specimens illustrate homogeneous dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles in the epoxy resin.
{"title":"Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on critical buckling load of glass/epoxy composites exposed to sunlight irradiation","authors":"Mohammad Mirzapour Roudpishi, Sayyed Mahdi Hosseini Farrash, Alireza Shaterzadeh","doi":"10.1177/09673911231202153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09673911231202153","url":null,"abstract":"Today, advanced materials like fibrous composites are widely used in the industry due to their favorable strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance and many other suitable properties. Buckling phenomenon may occur in a thin composite structure subjected to high compressive loads. Moreover, the buckling strength of polymer based composites such as glass/epoxy decreases due to sunlight radiation. In this research, the effect of adding zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles as a reinforcement to the matrix material of glass/epoxy composite on the critical buckling load of the beam specimens is investigated experimentally. In addition, samples are exposed to simulated sunlight irradiation and the effect of adding nanoparticles is investigated. Rectangular composite beams are made and reinforced with 1 wt. % of ZnO nanoparticles. Beams are clamped under tensile testing machine for buckling test. Compressive load is applied to the beams in the longitudinal direction and force-displacement graphs are plotted. Results indicate that the addition of ZnO nanoparticles into the epoxy resin increases the critical buckling load of these beams. As the results show, the critical buckling load of ZnO reinforced glass/epoxy specimens increases by %39.4 with respect to that of glass/epoxy samples. Moreover, to investigate the effect of adding nanoparticles after sunlight irradiation, some samples were placed in the accelerated weathering system for 24 h. Buckling test results represent a remarkable increase in the amount of critical buckling load for ZnO/glass/epoxy specimens even after the irradiation. SEM images of the break section of ZnO reinforced glass/epoxy specimens illustrate homogeneous dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles in the epoxy resin.","PeriodicalId":20322,"journal":{"name":"Polymers & Polymer Composites","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1177/09673911231192816
Nandipha L Botha, Paul Mushonga, Martin O Onani
A nanogel is a cross-linked nano-sized, a three-dimensional network of hydrophilic polymers with an ability to swell by holding large amount of water while maintaining the structure due to chemical or physical cross-linking of individual polymer chains. Nanogels can be made up of synthetic and/or natural polymers resulting in a cationic, anionic, or neutral system depending on the bound groups’ charges. Currently, these materials are receiving tremendous attention in research due to their properties. They are extensively investigated as carriers in the biomedical field. At present, there is an expansion of research into dermatologic treatment due to a critical need for new treatment options to treat skin diseases. The skin itself provides a natural barrier against particle penetration for topical delivery. However, it also offers a potential approach for the delivery of therapeutics, especially in diseased skin via the openings of hair follicles. Recent innovation might be achieved in the field of dermatological treatment with improvement in the dermal localization of bio-actives into the affected skin region. This report looks at what has been done in the investigation of nanogels as drug carriers for topical therapy.
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