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Microbiological Quality and Physicochemical Characteristics of Pork Livers Supplied by an Industrial Slaughterhouse 某工业屠宰场供应猪肝的微生物质量和理化特性
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-05 DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/162874
Narcís Feliu-Alsina, E. Saguer
Pork liver is a by-product generated daily in large quantities due to the high number of pigs slaughtered and its relatively high weight in relation to the carcass weight. However, it is not widely accepted by consumers for direct consumption due to its organoleptic properties. The present work aims to provide information of interest that may be useful for obtaining protein extracts from pork liver with potential as techno-functional ingredients. Specifically, the obtained results indicate that pork liver has a high protein content, with collagen representing only a small protein fraction and being poor in non-protein nitrogenous compounds. In addition, from the solubility profile obtained in the pH range from 4.8 to 8.5, high extraction yields can be expected at alkaline pH. However, and despite the high microbiological quality of pork livers properly collected and processed, their pH, water content and nutritional richness make them highly susceptible to microbiological spoilage.
猪肝是每天大量产生的副产品,因为屠宰的猪数量多,其重量相对于胴体重量相对较高。然而,由于其感官特性,它并没有被消费者广泛接受用于直接消费。本工作旨在提供感兴趣的信息,这些信息可能有助于从猪肝中获得具有潜在技术功能成分的蛋白质提取物。具体地,所获得的结果表明,猪肝具有高蛋白质含量,胶原仅代表小的蛋白质部分,并且不含非蛋白质含氮化合物。此外,根据在4.8至8.5的pH范围内获得的溶解度曲线,在碱性pH下可以预期高提取率。然而,尽管正确收集和加工的猪肝具有高微生物质量,但其pH、含水量和营养丰富性使其极易受到微生物腐败的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Kefir Prevents Adipose Tissue Growth Through the Induction of Apoptotic Elements in High-Fructose Corn Syrup-Fed Rats Kefir通过诱导高果糖玉米糖浆喂养大鼠的凋亡元素抑制脂肪组织生长
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-05-05 DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/162710
E. Aslan, G. Sadi, Hilal Guzel, Ç. Karaca, O. Korkmaz, M. Pektas, M. Çeleğen, T. Aladağ, S. Oncu, M. Pektaş
Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in the diet is a causal factor in the development of abdominal obesity; however, the molecular mechanism behind this association is still up for debate. This study evaluated the metabolic disturbances that are caused by HFCS on adipose tissue as well as the possibility of kefir as a therapy to prevent these metabolic disturbances. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, kefir, HFCS, and HFCS+kefir. HFCS (20%, w/v ) was given in drinking water and kefir (1 mL/100 g body weight) by gastric gavage daily for 8 weeks. Levels of insulin signaling, inflammation, and apoptosis-associated proteins of adipose tissues were determined with Western blot and immunohistochemical techniques. Gene expressions were evaluated with semi-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The indirect terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to assess changes in apoptotic cells, and hematoxylin/eosin staining to determine adipocyte number and diameter. Accordingly, HFCS boosted protein kinase B (Akt) and p-Akt while reducing nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) levels and kefir treatment restored Akt induction in HFCS-treated rats despite raising NF-κB, and TNFα. Increased expression of Akt and B-cell lymphoma-2 gene ( Bcl2 ) was contrasted with decreased expression of Nfkb, Tnfa, tumor protein 53 gene ( p53 ), and caspase-8 gene ( Casp8 ). Furthermore, while there was a marked reduction in TUNEL-positive cells in the HFCS group, the number of such cells was greater in the HFCS+kefir group. These results show that HFCS intake suppresses apoptosis in adipose tissues, which may be responsible for tissue development and abdominal obesity and may be reversed with kefir administration due to the activation of apoptosis-associated genes and proteins.
饮食中摄入高果糖玉米糖浆是导致腹部肥胖的一个原因;然而,这种关联背后的分子机制仍有待商榷。本研究评估了HFCS对脂肪组织造成的代谢紊乱,以及开菲尔作为预防这些代谢紊乱的疗法的可能性。雄性Wistar大鼠分为四组:对照组、开菲尔组、HFCS组和HFCS+kefir组。HFCS(20%,w/v)在饮用水中和开菲尔(1mL/100g体重)中通过每天胃灌胃给予,持续8周。用蛋白质印迹和免疫组织化学技术测定脂肪组织的胰岛素信号传导、炎症和凋亡相关蛋白的水平。用半定量实时聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)评估基因表达。间接末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶dUTP缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法用于评估凋亡细胞的变化,苏木精/伊红染色用于确定脂肪细胞的数量和直径。因此,HFCS增强了蛋白激酶B(Akt)和p-Akt,同时降低了核因子κB(NF-κB)和肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)的水平,尽管提高了NF-κB和TNFα,但凯菲尔治疗恢复了HFCS治疗大鼠的Akt诱导。Akt和B细胞淋巴瘤-2基因(Bcl2)表达的增加与Nfkb、Tnfa、肿瘤蛋白53基因(p53)和胱天蛋白酶-8基因(Casp8)表达的减少形成对比。此外,虽然HFCS组中TUNEL阳性细胞显著减少,但HFCS+kefir组中此类细胞的数量更多。这些结果表明,摄入HFCS会抑制脂肪组织中的细胞凋亡,这可能是组织发育和腹部肥胖的原因,并且由于细胞凋亡相关基因和蛋白质的激活,服用开菲尔可能会逆转细胞凋亡。
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引用次数: 0
Association of Women Leading Land Use with Energy and Nutrient Intakes Among Children Aged 6 to 59 Months in Oromia, Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚6至59个月大的儿童中,妇女领导土地利用与能量和营养摄入的协会
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.11648/j.jfns.20231102.14
Geleta Dereje
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of the Anti-hypertensive and Hyperhomocysteinemic Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum MILL) Grown in Ivory Coast 科特迪瓦产番茄水提物抗高血压和高同型半胱氨酸活性的评价
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.11648/j.jfns.20231102.13
Dembélé Syndoux, Koffi N’dri Emmanuel, F. Ibrahim, Anin Atchibri Anin Louise
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of the Quality of Selected Meat Products and Their Plant-Based Analogs 选定肉制品及其植物类似物的质量比较
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-04-25 DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/162504
T. Daszkiewicz, M. Florek, Monika Wodzak, D. Kubiak, Ewa Burczyk
The aim of this study was to compare the quality of selected meat products, i.e . frankfurters, Polish kabanos sausages, and salami, with their plant-based (vegetarian) analogs. Five items from five different product batches were analyzed in each examined product category. The analyzed items were vacuum-packaged in bags to standardize the parameters of the compared products, and their quality was evaluated before the use-by date declared by the manufacturer. Meat products had higher dry matter and lipid contents. Salami contained more protein, whereas frankfurters and kabanos sausages contained less protein than their respective analogs. Moreover, traditional kabanos sausages had a higher pH than their vegetarian alternatives. Indicators of the nutritional value of lipids and pH of vegetarian frankfurters and salami were higher than those of their meat counterparts. In turn, lipids of vegetarian kabanos sausages had lower ratios of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated to saturated fatty acids and hypocholesterolemic to hypercholesterolemic fatty acids than traditional kabanos sausages. Among the color parameters, redness ( a *), yellowness ( b *) and chroma ( C *) of plant-based meat analogs were higher compared to those of meat products. These results indicate that the names of plant-based analogs, which make a direct reference to the corresponding traditional meat products, can be misleading for consumers who expect products with similar quality attributes.
这项研究的目的是比较所选肉制品的质量,即法兰克福香肠、波兰卡巴诺香肠和意大利腊肠,以及它们的植物(素食)类似物。在每个检查的产品类别中,对来自五个不同产品批次的五个项目进行分析。将分析的物品真空包装在袋子中,以标准化比较产品的参数,并在制造商宣布的使用日期前对其质量进行评估。肉制品的干物质和脂质含量较高。萨拉米含有更多的蛋白质,而法兰克福香肠和卡巴诺香肠含有的蛋白质比它们各自的类似物少。此外,传统的卡巴诺香肠比素食替代品的pH值更高。素食法兰克福香肠和意大利腊肠的脂质和pH的营养价值指标高于肉类。反过来,与传统的卡巴诺香肠相比,素食卡巴诺香肠的脂质具有较低的不饱和与饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和与饱和度以及低胆固醇与高胆固醇脂肪酸的比例。在颜色参数中,植物肉类似物的红色(a*)、黄色(b*)和色度(C*)高于肉制品。这些结果表明,植物性类似物的名称直接引用了相应的传统肉制品,可能会误导那些期望产品具有类似质量属性的消费者。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative Study of Mbuja and daddawa Oils in View of Their Use in the Treatment of Some Chronic Diseases Mbuja油和daddawa油治疗慢性疾病的比较研究
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-04-13 DOI: 10.11648/j.jfns.20231102.12
Doumta Charles Falang, Bebbe Fadimatou, Ghomdim Nzali Horliane, Ngangoum Eric Serge
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Cashew Kernels Cake on the Nutritional and Sensory Quality of Hen Eggs 腰果仁饼对鸡蛋营养和感官品质的影响
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.11648/j.jfns.20231102.11
Silué Fatogoma Etienne, Yéboué Kouamé Hermann, Kouakou N’Goran David Vincent, V. Coxam, Kati-Coulibaly Séraphin
: Cashew kernels provide fats, proteins, minerals and amino acids like soybeans. They are characterized by their richness in linoleic and oleic acids which respectively contribute up to 20% and 60% of the fat. The aim of the present study is to assess the impact of the diets of laying hens, based on of cashew nut kernels cakes, on the nutritional and sensory quality of eggs. To carry out the experiment, 20 weeks old, 96 hens of the LOHMAN-Brown strain and with an average weight of 1600 g, were used over a period of 10 weeks. Laying hens were fed four diets Rt, R10, R15 and R20 at incorporation rates of 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% cashew kernel cake, respectively. The results indicate that the R10, R15 and R20 diets, after two weeks of testing, were associated with a reduction of up to 34.50% in egg yolk cholesterol content, compared to the Rt control diet. In sensory analysis tests, panelists accepted eggs from different diets without distinction. In short, far from degrading the quality of eggs, the dietary the lipids in cashew kernel cake can contribute to the development of poultry production by providing the consumer the fatty acids recommended by the medical profession.
腰果仁像大豆一样提供脂肪、蛋白质、矿物质和氨基酸。它们的特点是富含亚油酸和油酸,分别占脂肪的20%和60%。本研究旨在评估以腰果仁饼为基础的蛋鸡饲粮对鸡蛋营养和感官品质的影响。试验选用20周龄、平均体重1600 g的洛曼-布朗种鸡96只,试验时间为10周。蛋鸡分别饲喂腰果仁饼掺入率为0%、10%、15%和20%的4种饲粮Rt、R10、R15和R20。结果表明,经过两周的测试,R10、R15和R20饮食与对照饮食相比,蛋黄胆固醇含量降低了34.50%。在感官分析测试中,小组成员毫无区别地接受了来自不同饮食习惯的鸡蛋。总之,腰果仁饼中的脂肪不但不会降低鸡蛋的质量,而且可以通过向消费者提供医学界推荐的脂肪酸来促进家禽生产的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Decrypting the Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Food and Nutrition Security in Kenya 破解COVID-19大流行对肯尼亚粮食和营养安全的影响
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-09 DOI: 10.11648/j.jfns.20231101.14
John Lokuruka Napoo, Simeon Pharis Ndwiga, Victor Musi Musitia
: Globally, there has been tremendous effort towards ending hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by the year 2030. These efforts have not realized the desired results due to conflicts within and without countries, climate variability and extremes, and economic slowdowns and downturns. In Kenya, food and nutrition insecurity existed even before the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic. With the occurrence of the pandemic, food systems and food supply chains relied upon by the population to access sufficient and affordable food of high nutritional value further worsened the already unfavorable situation. The gradual shocks and interruptions on food systems and food supply chains by the climate change, high poverty levels, income inequality, high cost of healthy diets, labor shortages coupled with global recession and pandemic containment measures required urgent attention and timely interventions to protect the vulnerable population. This view point paper provides an insight of the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on food and nutrition security
在全球范围内,为到2030年消除一切形式的饥饿和营养不良作出了巨大努力。由于国家内部和外部的冲突、气候变化和极端气候以及经济放缓和衰退,这些努力未能实现预期的结果。在肯尼亚,粮食和营养不安全甚至在COVID-19大流行出现之前就已经存在。随着大流行的发生,人们赖以获得充足和负担得起的高营养价值食物的粮食系统和粮食供应链进一步恶化了本已不利的局势。气候变化、高贫困率、收入不平等、健康饮食成本高、劳动力短缺以及全球经济衰退和流行病控制措施对粮食系统和粮食供应链造成的逐渐冲击和中断需要紧急关注和及时干预,以保护弱势群体。本文阐述了2019冠状病毒病大流行对粮食和营养安全的影响
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引用次数: 0
Influence of Synthetic Antioxidants Used in Food Technology on the Bioavailability and Metabolism of Lipids - In Vitro Studies 食品工艺中合成抗氧化剂对脂质代谢和生物利用度影响的体外研究
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/161366
M. Mika, Anna Antończyk, A. Wikiera
Synthetic antioxidants, such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), have been widely used for many years to stabilise lipids in foods. Nonetheless, their effect on the bioavailability and metabolism of lipids stabilised with them still remains unknown. To investigate this issue, in vitro digestion of a model high-fat product (20 g fat/100 g) without antioxidants and supplemented with BHT, BHA and TBHQ (100 mg/kg) was conducted, followed by studies using the Caco-2 and Hep G2 cell lines. BHT, BHA and TBHQ increased intestinal absorption of triacylglycerols and modified the structure of chylomicrons (CM). The addition of BHT and TBHQ inhibited apolipoprotein-IV (apoA-IV) synthesis. At the same time, smaller chylomicrons were secreted, but their amount was greater than in the model product without antioxidants. In contrast, BHA activated apoA-IV synthesis, resulting in the formation of fewer but very large CMs. Of concern was the significant decrease in apoA-IV in cells upon the use of BHT and TBHQ, which can lead to obesity due to the lack of the sensation of feeling full after eating high-fat foods stabilised with these antioxidants. Furthermore, the efficiency of CM remnant (CMR) uptake by hepatocytes was inversely correlated with their size. The large CMRs generated for samples with BHA were not absorbed by hepatocytes, which can lead to atherosclerosis. The results of our in vitro study shed new light on the role of synthetic phenolic antioxidants used in food technology as potential obesity and atherosclerosis triggers and suggested the need for further research that will clearly separate antioxidants that promote the development of these diseases from those, which do not do that.
合成抗氧化剂,如丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)、丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)和叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ),多年来已被广泛用于稳定食品中的脂质。尽管如此,它们对用它们稳定的脂质的生物利用度和代谢的影响仍然未知。为了研究这个问题,对不含抗氧化剂并补充BHT、BHA和TBHQ(100mg/kg)的模型高脂肪产品(20g脂肪/100 g)进行了体外消化,然后使用Caco-2和Hep G2细胞系进行了研究。BHT、BHA和TBHQ增加了三酰甘油的肠道吸收并改变了乳糜微粒(CM)的结构。BHT和TBHQ的加入抑制了载脂蛋白IV(apoA-IV)的合成。同时,分泌出较小的乳糜微粒,但其数量比不含抗氧化剂的模型产品中的要多。相反,BHA激活apoA-IV合成,导致形成较少但非常大的CM。令人担忧的是,使用BHT和TBHQ后,细胞中apoA IV显著降低,这可能导致肥胖,因为在食用用这些抗氧化剂稳定的高脂肪食物后缺乏饱腹感。此外,肝细胞摄取CM残余物(CMR)的效率与其大小呈负相关。BHA样品产生的大CMR没有被肝细胞吸收,这可能导致动脉粥样硬化。我们的体外研究结果为食品技术中使用的合成酚类抗氧化剂作为潜在肥胖和动脉粥样硬化诱因的作用提供了新的线索,并表明需要进一步研究,将促进这些疾病发展的抗氧化剂与不促进这些疾病发展的抗氧化剂明确区分开来。
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引用次数: 2
Oral Supplementation with Three Vegetable Oils Differing in Fatty Acid Composition Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice by Regulating Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism 口服三种脂肪酸组成不同的植物油通过调节炎症和脂质代谢减轻小鼠高脂肪饮食诱导的肥胖
IF 2.4 4区 农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/160186
Waleed Aldamarany, Huang Taocui, Deng Liling, Yang Wanfu, Genghui Zhong
A.S
其子as
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
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