The purpose of this study was to fabricate lead ion selective electrode (Pb-ISE) sensors based on a 2:8 ratio of methyl-methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate thin film copolymers (MB28). These sensors were prepared by using a photo-polymerization technique on a pencil graphite electrode (PGE), with a poly-pyrrole-Cl (p-Py-Cl) thin film as a sensor transducer. During the Pb-ISE sensor fabrication process, the membrane composition optimization process has been carried out. The best sensor composition contained 1 mg potassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) borate (KTpClPB) and 4.3 mg Pb ionophore IV. The fabricated Pb-ISE had a Nernstian number of 28.2 ± 0.5 mV/dec, a broad linear range from 10 -3 to 10 -10 M and a limit of detection (LOD) of (6.6 ± 1.6) x 10 -11 M, providing an excellent performance. In addition, the sensor showed a fairly good coefficient of effectiveness (CE) (Log K pota,b ) against K + (potassium), Na + (sodium), NH 4+ (ammonium), Mg 2+ (magnesium), Cu 2+ (copper) and Cd 2+ (cadmium) cations, which were -6.6 ± 0.2, -6.1 ± 0.2, -6.7 ± 0.2, -12.4 ± 0.3, -4.4 ± 0.2 and -6.1 ± 0.1, respectively. The Pb-ISE sensor worked best in the pH range from 3 to 8. The validation process has been carried out by comparing the measurements results of the artificial samples, at the concentrations from 25 to 100 ppm, with those of the real sample from Angke river water. The outcome was outstanding and comparable to that of the standard UV-Vis spectrophotometry measurement methods.
{"title":"Fabrication of Lead Ion Selective Electrodes (Pb-ISE) based on Poly Methyl-Methacrylate-Co-Butyl Acrylate (MB28) Thin Film Photo-polymers and Pencil Graphite Electrodes (PGEs)","authors":"A. Ariri, S. Alva, D. S. Khaerudini, A. A. Aziz","doi":"10.4152/pea.2022400405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4152/pea.2022400405","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to fabricate lead ion selective electrode (Pb-ISE) sensors based on a 2:8 ratio of methyl-methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate thin film copolymers (MB28). These sensors were prepared by using a photo-polymerization technique on a pencil graphite electrode (PGE), with a poly-pyrrole-Cl (p-Py-Cl) thin film as a sensor transducer. During the Pb-ISE sensor fabrication process, the membrane composition optimization process has been carried out. The best sensor composition contained 1 mg potassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) borate (KTpClPB) and 4.3 mg Pb ionophore IV. The fabricated Pb-ISE had a Nernstian number of 28.2 ± 0.5 mV/dec, a broad linear range from 10 -3 to 10 -10 M and a limit of detection (LOD) of (6.6 ± 1.6) x 10 -11 M, providing an excellent performance. In addition, the sensor showed a fairly good coefficient of effectiveness (CE) (Log K pota,b ) against K + (potassium), Na + (sodium), NH 4+ (ammonium), Mg 2+ (magnesium), Cu 2+ (copper) and Cd 2+ (cadmium) cations, which were -6.6 ± 0.2, -6.1 ± 0.2, -6.7 ± 0.2, -12.4 ± 0.3, -4.4 ± 0.2 and -6.1 ± 0.1, respectively. The Pb-ISE sensor worked best in the pH range from 3 to 8. The validation process has been carried out by comparing the measurements results of the artificial samples, at the concentrations from 25 to 100 ppm, with those of the real sample from Angke river water. The outcome was outstanding and comparable to that of the standard UV-Vis spectrophotometry measurement methods.","PeriodicalId":20334,"journal":{"name":"Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70920805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) as reductant. AuNPs size and shape were experimented by using various characterization techniques. The synthesized AuNPs performance capability for atrazine (ATR) detection, at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), was verified using cyclic voltammetry (CV) as the determining mode. AuNPs impressive electrochemical performance and stability at the GCE led to further studies, without the need to apply nafion. ATR linear concentration plot ranged from 10 to 17 nM, with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.17 nM, and a regression coefficient (R 2 ) of 0.9934, under optimized conditions. The proposed sensor was very reliable, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.1%, for n = 20, and it was quite sensitive for ATR, with no discernible interference from other ions. Consequently, AuNPs were effectively used to identify ATR in several pesticide industry wastewater samples.
{"title":"Atrazine Voltammetric Determination in the Pesticide Industries Wastewater by Gold Nanoparticles at a Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode","authors":"S. Memon, M. Waris, A. R. Sidhu, M. Zaqa","doi":"10.4152/pea.2022400504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4152/pea.2022400504","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) as reductant. AuNPs size and shape were experimented by using various characterization techniques. The synthesized AuNPs performance capability for atrazine (ATR) detection, at a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), was verified using cyclic voltammetry (CV) as the determining mode. AuNPs impressive electrochemical performance and stability at the GCE led to further studies, without the need to apply nafion. ATR linear concentration plot ranged from 10 to 17 nM, with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.17 nM, and a regression coefficient (R 2 ) of 0.9934, under optimized conditions. The proposed sensor was very reliable, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.1%, for n = 20, and it was quite sensitive for ATR, with no discernible interference from other ions. Consequently, AuNPs were effectively used to identify ATR in several pesticide industry wastewater samples.","PeriodicalId":20334,"journal":{"name":"Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70921034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Akande, O. Fayomi, A. Popoola, T. Daantjie, O. O. Oluwole, B. O. Olatunji
Several engineering mild steel components have catastrophically failed, due to structural defects, corrosion and wear deformation. These drawbacks have prompted a continuous mild steel modification, for its higher durability and efficiency. In an attempt to improve the metal performance, Ni–SiO 2 (silicon dioxide), Ni–SiO 2 –C 6 H 5 N 3 (1H-benzotriazole), Ni–Al 2 SiO 5 (niquel + aluminum silicate) and Ni–Al 2 SiO 5 –10C 6 H 5 N 3 composite films were developed on mild steel samples, at a constant temperature of 45 ºC, and deposition time of 20 min. The coating performances were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization technique, CERT UMT-2 multi-functional tribological testing, high resolution optical microscopy and high diamond pyramid indentation. The samples were further subjected to heat-treatment, and its effects on hardness were examined. Potentiodynamic polarization study carried out in 0.5 M HCl revealed an improved anti-corrosion resistance. The hardness and wear tests showed better mild steel mechanical properties. Ni– Al 2 SiO 5 –10C 6 H 5 N 3 coated sample had better hardness and wear resistance features that those from the other samples. High resolution optical microscopy unveiled the particles homogeneous distribution throughout mild steel, with a new surface evolution. Mild steel surface morphology and other properties was optimized by Ni–SiO 2 , Ni–SiO 2 – C 6 H 5 N 3 , Ni–Al 2 SiO 5 and Ni–Al 2 SiO 5 –10C 6 H 5 N 3 coatings. Comparatively, NiAl 2 SiO 5 – C 6 H 5 N 3 coated mild steel exhibited the overall best performance characteristics, and it is thus recommended for advanced applications in petrochemical and marine industries.
由于结构缺陷、腐蚀和磨损变形，一些工程低碳钢构件发生了灾难性的失效。这些缺点促使人们不断对低碳钢进行改性，以获得更高的耐久性和效率。为了提高金属性能,Ni-SiO 2(二氧化硅),Ni-SiO 2 - C 6 H 5 N 3 (1 h-benzotriazole) Ni-Al 2 SiO 5 (niquel +硅酸铝)和2 Ni-Al SiO 5 -10 C 6 H 5 N 3复合电影发达对低碳钢的样本,以恒定的温度45ºC,和沉积时间20分钟。涂层性能进行了potentiodynamic极化技术,CERT UMT-2多功能摩擦磨损测试,高分辨率光学显微镜和高钻石金字塔压痕。进一步对试样进行热处理，考察热处理对硬度的影响。在0.5 M HCl中进行的动电位极化研究表明，该材料的抗腐蚀性能有所提高。硬度和磨损试验表明，低碳钢具有较好的力学性能。Ni - Al - sio5 - 10c6h5n3涂层样品具有较好的硬度和耐磨性。高分辨率光学显微镜揭示了颗粒均匀分布在整个低碳钢中，具有新的表面演变。采用ni - sio2、ni - sio2 - c6h5n3、ni - al2sio5和ni - al2sio5 - 10c6h5n3涂层对低碳钢表面形貌和其他性能进行了优化。相比之下，NiAl - sio5 - c6h5n3涂层低碳钢表现出最佳的综合性能特征，因此推荐在石油化工和船舶工业中得到高级应用。
{"title":"Development of Ni–Al2SiO5/Ni–SiO2 Coating Doped with Benzotriazole: Corrosion, Structural Evolution and Thermal Degradation Study","authors":"I. Akande, O. Fayomi, A. Popoola, T. Daantjie, O. O. Oluwole, B. O. Olatunji","doi":"10.4152/pea.2022400605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4152/pea.2022400605","url":null,"abstract":"Several engineering mild steel components have catastrophically failed, due to structural defects, corrosion and wear deformation. These drawbacks have prompted a continuous mild steel modification, for its higher durability and efficiency. In an attempt to improve the metal performance, Ni–SiO 2 (silicon dioxide), Ni–SiO 2 –C 6 H 5 N 3 (1H-benzotriazole), Ni–Al 2 SiO 5 (niquel + aluminum silicate) and Ni–Al 2 SiO 5 –10C 6 H 5 N 3 composite films were developed on mild steel samples, at a constant temperature of 45 ºC, and deposition time of 20 min. The coating performances were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization technique, CERT UMT-2 multi-functional tribological testing, high resolution optical microscopy and high diamond pyramid indentation. The samples were further subjected to heat-treatment, and its effects on hardness were examined. Potentiodynamic polarization study carried out in 0.5 M HCl revealed an improved anti-corrosion resistance. The hardness and wear tests showed better mild steel mechanical properties. Ni– Al 2 SiO 5 –10C 6 H 5 N 3 coated sample had better hardness and wear resistance features that those from the other samples. High resolution optical microscopy unveiled the particles homogeneous distribution throughout mild steel, with a new surface evolution. Mild steel surface morphology and other properties was optimized by Ni–SiO 2 , Ni–SiO 2 – C 6 H 5 N 3 , Ni–Al 2 SiO 5 and Ni–Al 2 SiO 5 –10C 6 H 5 N 3 coatings. Comparatively, NiAl 2 SiO 5 – C 6 H 5 N 3 coated mild steel exhibited the overall best performance characteristics, and it is thus recommended for advanced applications in petrochemical and marine industries.","PeriodicalId":20334,"journal":{"name":"Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70921068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, an equi-atomic AlCrFeMnNiV HEA was synthesized by means of arc-melting and casting processes. The casted alloy ingots were heat-treated (annealed) at temperatures of 400, 600 and 800 ºC, for 2 h. The effect of the heat-treatment temperature on the HEA microstructural evolution, compressive strength and corrosion behavior was investigated. Heat-treatment temperatures of 400 and 600 ºC resulted in increased micro-hardness properties that, at 800 ºC, were drastically reduced, although a good combination between strength and ductility was observed. HEA showed an extreme decrease in the current density (J (A/cm 2 )), after the heat-treatment, with a lower potential (V). The heat-treated HEA demonstrated a good corrosion rate in acidic conditions, as compared to that of nickel (Ni) based, titanium (Ti) alloys and stainless steel (SS) super alloys.
{"title":"Heat-treatment (Annealing) Effect on the Mechanical and Electrochemical Performance of a Synthesized AlCrFeMnNiV Equi-atomic High Entropy Alloy (HEA) via Arc-melting and Casting Technologies","authors":"L. R. Kanyane, N. Malatji, A. Popoola","doi":"10.4152/pea.2022400502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4152/pea.2022400502","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, an equi-atomic AlCrFeMnNiV HEA was synthesized by means of arc-melting and casting processes. The casted alloy ingots were heat-treated (annealed) at temperatures of 400, 600 and 800 ºC, for 2 h. The effect of the heat-treatment temperature on the HEA microstructural evolution, compressive strength and corrosion behavior was investigated. Heat-treatment temperatures of 400 and 600 ºC resulted in increased micro-hardness properties that, at 800 ºC, were drastically reduced, although a good combination between strength and ductility was observed. HEA showed an extreme decrease in the current density (J (A/cm 2 )), after the heat-treatment, with a lower potential (V). The heat-treated HEA demonstrated a good corrosion rate in acidic conditions, as compared to that of nickel (Ni) based, titanium (Ti) alloys and stainless steel (SS) super alloys.","PeriodicalId":20334,"journal":{"name":"Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70920593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Bayeshov, A. Bayeshova, U. Abduvaliyeva, A. Buketova
D.V
D.V
{"title":"Mechanisms for Ultrafine Copper Powders Electrolytes Production in the Presence of Titanium Ions","authors":"A. Bayeshov, A. Bayeshova, U. Abduvaliyeva, A. Buketova","doi":"10.4152/pea.2022400505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4152/pea.2022400505","url":null,"abstract":"D.V","PeriodicalId":20334,"journal":{"name":"Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70921150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Bounechache, N. Ghemmit-Doulache, C. Bourouis, D. Ramdane-Terbouche
Silver (Ag) is considered as an ancient and durable precious metal that is used in different ways, due to its specific properties. The diversity of its uses has been meeting a growing worldwide demand that exceeds the Ag amount extracted from earth crust (primary resource), where a large part of this metal has been exploited. Due to its toxicity, environmental pollution resulting from industrial plants, and high economic value, Ag recovery from industrial plants (second resource) has become increasingly important for scientists. In this study, we focused on Ag recovery from the effluents of mirror industry. This was done by Ag electrodeposition on an aluminum (Al) electrode surface. This work aimed to study the effect of current intensity (CI), electrolysis time (ET), voltage (V) and temperature (T) parameters on Ag electrodeposition, in order to optimize them. According to the obtained results, the optimal parameters were a CI of 4 A, during an ET of 30 min, at 12.5 V, with a maximum T of 30 ºC. Scanning electron microscope ( SEM) analyses showed a multilayer rich Ag deposit on the Al surface, followed by a cluster of flowers of different sizes originated from reduced Ag 0 .
银(Ag)被认为是一种古老而耐用的贵金属，由于其特殊的性质，被用于不同的用途。其用途的多样性一直在满足日益增长的全球需求，超过了从地壳(主要资源)中提取的银量，其中大部分金属已被开采。由于其毒性、工业厂房对环境的污染以及较高的经济价值，从工业厂房中回收银(第二资源)越来越受到科学家们的重视。本文主要研究了从镜面工业废水中回收银的方法。这是通过在铝(Al)电极表面上电沉积银来完成的。本工作旨在研究电流强度(CI)、电解时间(ET)、电压(V)和温度(T)等参数对银电沉积的影响，并对其进行优化。根据得到的结果，最佳参数为CI为4 a, ET为30 min，电压为12.5 V，最大温度为30℃。扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明，铝表面有多层富银沉积，其次是由Ag 0还原而成的大小不一的簇状花。
{"title":"Influencing Parameters on the Electrodeposition of Silver from the Effluents of Mirror Industry","authors":"F. Bounechache, N. Ghemmit-Doulache, C. Bourouis, D. Ramdane-Terbouche","doi":"10.4152/pea.2022400604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4152/pea.2022400604","url":null,"abstract":"Silver (Ag) is considered as an ancient and durable precious metal that is used in different ways, due to its specific properties. The diversity of its uses has been meeting a growing worldwide demand that exceeds the Ag amount extracted from earth crust (primary resource), where a large part of this metal has been exploited. Due to its toxicity, environmental pollution resulting from industrial plants, and high economic value, Ag recovery from industrial plants (second resource) has become increasingly important for scientists. In this study, we focused on Ag recovery from the effluents of mirror industry. This was done by Ag electrodeposition on an aluminum (Al) electrode surface. This work aimed to study the effect of current intensity (CI), electrolysis time (ET), voltage (V) and temperature (T) parameters on Ag electrodeposition, in order to optimize them. According to the obtained results, the optimal parameters were a CI of 4 A, during an ET of 30 min, at 12.5 V, with a maximum T of 30 ºC. Scanning electron microscope ( SEM) analyses showed a multilayer rich Ag deposit on the Al surface, followed by a cluster of flowers of different sizes originated from reduced Ag 0 .","PeriodicalId":20334,"journal":{"name":"Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70921399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In Memoriam Prof. PhD José Costa Lima","authors":"V. Lobo","doi":"10.4152/pea.2022400201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4152/pea.2022400201","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20334,"journal":{"name":"Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70920152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, 2-aminobenzoic acid (ABA) has been used as a complexing ligand for metal ions simultaneous determination by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (AdCSV). This selective and sensitive method was based on Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions + ABA adsorptive accumulation, by hanging them onto a mercury drop electrode (HMDE), followed by their reduction through differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry (DPSCV). Experimental parameters, such as pH, ABA concentration, accumulation time, potential and scan rate, were examined. Under the optimized conditions, linear calibration curves were established for Cu, Pb and Cd concentrations, in the ranges from 5 to 120, 5 to 150 and 5 to 120 ng/mL -1 , respectively. Detection limits (LODs) of 2.05, 1.78 and 2.26 ng/mL -1 were obtained for Cu, Pb and Cd, respectively. The proposed method was applied for the determination of these elements in tap and industrial waste water, as real samples.
{"title":"Development of 2-aminobenzoic Acid as a Complexing Ligand for Simultaneous Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Trace Copper, Lead and Cadmium","authors":"E. Zarei, A. Izadyar, A. Asghari, M. Rajabi","doi":"10.4152/pea.2022400501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4152/pea.2022400501","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, 2-aminobenzoic acid (ABA) has been used as a complexing ligand for metal ions simultaneous determination by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (AdCSV). This selective and sensitive method was based on Cu(II), Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions + ABA adsorptive accumulation, by hanging them onto a mercury drop electrode (HMDE), followed by their reduction through differential pulse cathodic stripping voltammetry (DPSCV). Experimental parameters, such as pH, ABA concentration, accumulation time, potential and scan rate, were examined. Under the optimized conditions, linear calibration curves were established for Cu, Pb and Cd concentrations, in the ranges from 5 to 120, 5 to 150 and 5 to 120 ng/mL -1 , respectively. Detection limits (LODs) of 2.05, 1.78 and 2.26 ng/mL -1 were obtained for Cu, Pb and Cd, respectively. The proposed method was applied for the determination of these elements in tap and industrial waste water, as real samples.","PeriodicalId":20334,"journal":{"name":"Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70920473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Doubi, H. Darif, A. Koulou, R. Touir, H. Abba, M. Khaffou, H. Erramli
The quality of the Souss-Massa Daraa (S-MD) aquifer is influenced by natural and anthropogenic contaminations. Indeed, geological formations are the main sources of mineralization in the aquifer, which compromises the potential irrigation, and threatens the sustainability of agricultural activities. In this context, hydrochemical and statistical studies were carried out on the major and secondary elements of water, based on different physico-chemical parameters, such as T °C, pH, EC (electric conductivity), NO 3- (nitrate), Cl - (chloride), HCO 3- (bicarbonate), SO 42- (sulfate), Ca 2+ (calcium ions), Mg 2+ (magnesium ions), K+ (potassium ion), Na + (sodium), Na%, Mg% and SAR ( sodium adsorption ratio ). The sampling was carried out in 2018, over two seasons (winter and summer), by analyzing 26 wells distributed over the studied plain. the water classification based on EC, it was found that 80% of the samples show very high mineralization, and 96.66% are very hard and unfit for human consumption. Also, Cl - values of most of the samples were within limits inappropriate for irrigation, but some estimated parameters, such as Na% and SAR, were within appropriate levels. In addition, according to the piper diagram, the waters are characterized by a geochemical facies of 86.66% NaCl (sodium chloride), 13.33% CaSO 4 (sulphated calcium) and Mg. Thus, the principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the region waters mineralization is of natural origin.
{"title":"Evaluation of Souss-Massa Daraa Region Irrigation Groundwater Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Quality: A Multivariate Statistical Approach","authors":"M. Doubi, H. Darif, A. Koulou, R. Touir, H. Abba, M. Khaffou, H. Erramli","doi":"10.4152/pea.2022400603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4152/pea.2022400603","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of the Souss-Massa Daraa (S-MD) aquifer is influenced by natural and anthropogenic contaminations. Indeed, geological formations are the main sources of mineralization in the aquifer, which compromises the potential irrigation, and threatens the sustainability of agricultural activities. In this context, hydrochemical and statistical studies were carried out on the major and secondary elements of water, based on different physico-chemical parameters, such as T °C, pH, EC (electric conductivity), NO 3- (nitrate), Cl - (chloride), HCO 3- (bicarbonate), SO 42- (sulfate), Ca 2+ (calcium ions), Mg 2+ (magnesium ions), K+ (potassium ion), Na + (sodium), Na%, Mg% and SAR ( sodium adsorption ratio ). The sampling was carried out in 2018, over two seasons (winter and summer), by analyzing 26 wells distributed over the studied plain. the water classification based on EC, it was found that 80% of the samples show very high mineralization, and 96.66% are very hard and unfit for human consumption. Also, Cl - values of most of the samples were within limits inappropriate for irrigation, but some estimated parameters, such as Na% and SAR, were within appropriate levels. In addition, according to the piper diagram, the waters are characterized by a geochemical facies of 86.66% NaCl (sodium chloride), 13.33% CaSO 4 (sulphated calcium) and Mg. Thus, the principal component analysis (PCA) shows that the region waters mineralization is of natural origin.","PeriodicalId":20334,"journal":{"name":"Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70921381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stearalkonium chloride (SAC) ultrasonic velocity has been measured in methanol, at 301 K temperature. Jacobson’s model has been used to evaluate adiabatic and molar compressibility, molar sound velocity, solvation number, relative association, relaxation strength and other acoustical constants. The results of ultrasonic measurements of different SAC solutions in methanol indicate that there is a signification interaction between SAC and methanol molecules in diluted solutions. The conductometric study indicates that SAC behaves as a weak electrolyte in methanol. The thermodynamic constants calculated from conductance measurements for SAC solutions in methanol depict that micellization is favored over dissociation processes. The refractive index variation with SAC solutions concentrations shows a marked change in the refractive index value at critical micelle concentrations (CMC). Data treatment of obtained ultrasonic velocity, conductance measurement and refractive index shows that there is significant interaction between SAC and methanol molecules in diluted solutions, and that SAC molecules do not aggregate appreciably below the CMC.
{"title":"Investigation on Conductance, Acoustical and Refractive Index Behavior of Stearalkonium Chloride in Methanol at 301 K","authors":"C. Singh, S. Negi, M. Singh, K. Kishore","doi":"10.4152/pea.2022400102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4152/pea.2022400102","url":null,"abstract":"Stearalkonium chloride (SAC) ultrasonic velocity has been measured in methanol, at 301 K temperature. Jacobson’s model has been used to evaluate adiabatic and molar compressibility, molar sound velocity, solvation number, relative association, relaxation strength and other acoustical constants. The results of ultrasonic measurements of different SAC solutions in methanol indicate that there is a signification interaction between SAC and methanol molecules in diluted solutions. The conductometric study indicates that SAC behaves as a weak electrolyte in methanol. The thermodynamic constants calculated from conductance measurements for SAC solutions in methanol depict that micellization is favored over dissociation processes. The refractive index variation with SAC solutions concentrations shows a marked change in the refractive index value at critical micelle concentrations (CMC). Data treatment of obtained ultrasonic velocity, conductance measurement and refractive index shows that there is significant interaction between SAC and methanol molecules in diluted solutions, and that SAC molecules do not aggregate appreciably below the CMC.","PeriodicalId":20334,"journal":{"name":"Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70919386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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