Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03196-8
Olof Bengtsson, Christian Lydersen, Guttorm Christensen, Jan Marcin Węsławski, Kit M. Kovacs
Abstract During summer, native anadromous Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus ) and the alien species pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) now coexist in marine environments in Svalbard, following the introduction of the latter in the Barents Region. To investigate potential dietary competition between these two salmonid species, stomach contents from Arctic char ( n = 301) and pink salmon ( n = 28) were sampled from different areas within the archipelago. The most important prey in terms of biomass for both salmonid species were amphipods; Themisto libellula ( B = 26.0%) for Arctic char and Onisimus litoralis ( B = 35.0%) for pink salmon. Pianka’s niche overlap revealed that dietary overlap between the two species was moderately high ( O obs = 0.59); both species had strong associations with intertidal invertebrates in areas where direct comparisons were possible (Kongsfjorden/Krossfjorden). However, both salmonid species did also eat some fish, with Arctic char consuming more offshore pelagic fish, while the small number of fish eaten by pink salmon were primarily coastal demersal fish species. Arctic char was a more generalist feeder, while pink salmon was more of a dietary specialist. Furthermore, the diet composition of the Arctic char consisted of 32.9% Atlantic prey while the pink salmon, surprisingly, ate only Arctic species, likely due to their tightly coastal feeding habits. Even though the sample size for pink salmon was low, this study contributes new insights into salmonid diets in Svalbard and the potential for introduced species to compete with native Arctic endemics, particularly in the expected warmer Arctic of the future.
{"title":"Marine diets of anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in Svalbard, Norway","authors":"Olof Bengtsson, Christian Lydersen, Guttorm Christensen, Jan Marcin Węsławski, Kit M. Kovacs","doi":"10.1007/s00300-023-03196-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03196-8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During summer, native anadromous Arctic char ( Salvelinus alpinus ) and the alien species pink salmon ( Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ) now coexist in marine environments in Svalbard, following the introduction of the latter in the Barents Region. To investigate potential dietary competition between these two salmonid species, stomach contents from Arctic char ( n = 301) and pink salmon ( n = 28) were sampled from different areas within the archipelago. The most important prey in terms of biomass for both salmonid species were amphipods; Themisto libellula ( B = 26.0%) for Arctic char and Onisimus litoralis ( B = 35.0%) for pink salmon. Pianka’s niche overlap revealed that dietary overlap between the two species was moderately high ( O obs = 0.59); both species had strong associations with intertidal invertebrates in areas where direct comparisons were possible (Kongsfjorden/Krossfjorden). However, both salmonid species did also eat some fish, with Arctic char consuming more offshore pelagic fish, while the small number of fish eaten by pink salmon were primarily coastal demersal fish species. Arctic char was a more generalist feeder, while pink salmon was more of a dietary specialist. Furthermore, the diet composition of the Arctic char consisted of 32.9% Atlantic prey while the pink salmon, surprisingly, ate only Arctic species, likely due to their tightly coastal feeding habits. Even though the sample size for pink salmon was low, this study contributes new insights into salmonid diets in Svalbard and the potential for introduced species to compete with native Arctic endemics, particularly in the expected warmer Arctic of the future.","PeriodicalId":20362,"journal":{"name":"Polar Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136062099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03193-x
Ana Carolina Marinho Mota, Erli Schneider Costa, João Paulo Machado Torres, Jansen de Araujo, Larissa Castro Tormena, Gisele Pires de Mendonça Dantas
{"title":"Brown Skua and south polar Skua (Aves: Stercorariidae) a hybridization case or same species?","authors":"Ana Carolina Marinho Mota, Erli Schneider Costa, João Paulo Machado Torres, Jansen de Araujo, Larissa Castro Tormena, Gisele Pires de Mendonça Dantas","doi":"10.1007/s00300-023-03193-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03193-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20362,"journal":{"name":"Polar Biology","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136313774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03195-9
M. N. Bester
Abstract The prevalence of cryptorchidism, a condition when one or more testes failed to move to their proper position(s), was evaluated for sub-Antarctic fur seals from Gough Island, South Atlantic. The reproductive tracts of male fur seals ( n = 123) were examined and reproductive organs measured in a previous study. Only one fur seal, a 5-year-old sexually mature male, had one inguinal testis on the right side, and a small abdominal one situated below the kidney on the same side. A matching contralateral testis could not be located, neither in the scrotum or inguinal canal nor within the abdominal cavity. Amongst pinnipeds, cryptorchids rarely occurred in northern fur seals (0.01% to 0.02% prevalence), harbour seals (undetermined prevalence) and in sub-Antarctic fur seals (0.8% prevalence). Inconsequential on a population level, the rare instances of cryptorchidism in seals are interesting curiosities.
{"title":"Cryptorchidism in the sub-Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus tropicalis","authors":"M. N. Bester","doi":"10.1007/s00300-023-03195-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03195-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The prevalence of cryptorchidism, a condition when one or more testes failed to move to their proper position(s), was evaluated for sub-Antarctic fur seals from Gough Island, South Atlantic. The reproductive tracts of male fur seals ( n = 123) were examined and reproductive organs measured in a previous study. Only one fur seal, a 5-year-old sexually mature male, had one inguinal testis on the right side, and a small abdominal one situated below the kidney on the same side. A matching contralateral testis could not be located, neither in the scrotum or inguinal canal nor within the abdominal cavity. Amongst pinnipeds, cryptorchids rarely occurred in northern fur seals (0.01% to 0.02% prevalence), harbour seals (undetermined prevalence) and in sub-Antarctic fur seals (0.8% prevalence). Inconsequential on a population level, the rare instances of cryptorchidism in seals are interesting curiosities.","PeriodicalId":20362,"journal":{"name":"Polar Biology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135154423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The diversity and spatial distribution of microscopic invertebrates in the Arctic have yet to be studied in detail. Knowledge of this is especially important in the context of glacier shrinking, one of the most visible environmental consequences of climate change. To understand how time since deglaciation shapes the communities of limno-terrestrial microfauna, we analysed samples of moss collected during the summer of 2021 in forefields of Trygghamna (Svalbard), where glaciers thought to have started to recede at the beginning of the twentieth century. We estimated the taxonomic and trophic composition and abundance of all microfauna groups (with a specific focus on little-known bdelloid rotifers) in two areas, which correspond to the different stages of the glacial retreat. The impact of 14 other environmental parameters (distance from the sea, moisture, moss structural complexity, soil nutrient, and isotopic composition) was considered. Thirty-seven microfauna taxa were found, wherein Dorylaimida nematodes (Dorylaimida, Nematoda) dominated both in frequency (present at all sites) and abundance (50 ± 21% from all individuals). Less prevalent bdelloid rotifers (Bdelloidea, Rotifera) were followed by tardigrades (Tardigrada), which, in contrast to others, were more abundant in the later deglaciated area. In general, environmental parameters explained 81.8% of the microfauna distribution. Time since deglaciation was the most significant factor (9.5%). Among the variables that act at a fine scale, the most important were moisture in the habitat (6%), presence of ground in the samples (4%), and δ 15 N (4%). The moss structural complexity did not have a significant effect, and neither did most of the variables characterising soil nutrient and isotopic composition. However, some variability was observed for different lower taxa.
{"title":"The significance of recent glacial history for the limno-terrestrial microfauna in Trygghamna (Svalbard, High Arctic)","authors":"Dzmitry Lukashanets, Jolita Petkuvienė, Rūta Barisevičiūtė","doi":"10.1007/s00300-023-03192-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03192-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The diversity and spatial distribution of microscopic invertebrates in the Arctic have yet to be studied in detail. Knowledge of this is especially important in the context of glacier shrinking, one of the most visible environmental consequences of climate change. To understand how time since deglaciation shapes the communities of limno-terrestrial microfauna, we analysed samples of moss collected during the summer of 2021 in forefields of Trygghamna (Svalbard), where glaciers thought to have started to recede at the beginning of the twentieth century. We estimated the taxonomic and trophic composition and abundance of all microfauna groups (with a specific focus on little-known bdelloid rotifers) in two areas, which correspond to the different stages of the glacial retreat. The impact of 14 other environmental parameters (distance from the sea, moisture, moss structural complexity, soil nutrient, and isotopic composition) was considered. Thirty-seven microfauna taxa were found, wherein Dorylaimida nematodes (Dorylaimida, Nematoda) dominated both in frequency (present at all sites) and abundance (50 ± 21% from all individuals). Less prevalent bdelloid rotifers (Bdelloidea, Rotifera) were followed by tardigrades (Tardigrada), which, in contrast to others, were more abundant in the later deglaciated area. In general, environmental parameters explained 81.8% of the microfauna distribution. Time since deglaciation was the most significant factor (9.5%). Among the variables that act at a fine scale, the most important were moisture in the habitat (6%), presence of ground in the samples (4%), and δ 15 N (4%). The moss structural complexity did not have a significant effect, and neither did most of the variables characterising soil nutrient and isotopic composition. However, some variability was observed for different lower taxa.","PeriodicalId":20362,"journal":{"name":"Polar Biology","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135308167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-19DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03188-8
P. Hadden, M. Vorobyev, William H. Hadden, F. Bonadonna, C. McGhee, Jie Zhang
{"title":"Can penguins (Spheniscidae) see in the ultraviolet spectrum?","authors":"P. Hadden, M. Vorobyev, William H. Hadden, F. Bonadonna, C. McGhee, Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00300-023-03188-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03188-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20362,"journal":{"name":"Polar Biology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1111 - 1121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48007248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03189-7
O. Külköylüoğlu
{"title":"A new ostracod species of the genus Xestoleberis from Nansen Island, Wilhelmina Bay, Southern Ocean, Antarctica","authors":"O. Külköylüoğlu","doi":"10.1007/s00300-023-03189-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03189-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20362,"journal":{"name":"Polar Biology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1123 - 1136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44820966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03190-0
Rocio Nigro, Anahí M. Silvestro, Mariana A. Juáres, P. Di Marco
{"title":"A case of melanism in a Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) at Esperanza/Hope Bay, Antarctica","authors":"Rocio Nigro, Anahí M. Silvestro, Mariana A. Juáres, P. Di Marco","doi":"10.1007/s00300-023-03190-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03190-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20362,"journal":{"name":"Polar Biology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1159 - 1162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48361600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-11DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03184-y
Patricia Baena, Andreu Santín, M. La Mesa, E. Riginella, N. Owsianowski, J. Gili, S. Ambroso
{"title":"Are there distribution patterns and population structure differences among demersal fish species in relation to Antarctic benthic communities? A case study in the Weddell Sea","authors":"Patricia Baena, Andreu Santín, M. La Mesa, E. Riginella, N. Owsianowski, J. Gili, S. Ambroso","doi":"10.1007/s00300-023-03184-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03184-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20362,"journal":{"name":"Polar Biology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1069 - 1082"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42520850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-11DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03170-4
K. Zawierucha, E. Kašparová, S. McInnes, Jakub Buda, R. Ambrosini, M. Devetter, G. Ficetola, A. Franzetti, N. Takeuchi, Patrik Horna, T. Jaroměřská, M. Ono, M. Šabacká, K. Janko
{"title":"Cryophilic Tardigrada have disjunct and bipolar distribution and establish long-term stable, low-density demes","authors":"K. Zawierucha, E. Kašparová, S. McInnes, Jakub Buda, R. Ambrosini, M. Devetter, G. Ficetola, A. Franzetti, N. Takeuchi, Patrik Horna, T. Jaroměřská, M. Ono, M. Šabacká, K. Janko","doi":"10.1007/s00300-023-03170-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-023-03170-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20362,"journal":{"name":"Polar Biology","volume":"46 1","pages":"1011 - 1027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45966928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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