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First abundance estimates of Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) colony at Tucker Islet 对塔克岛麦哲伦企鹅(Spheniscus magellanicus)繁殖地的首次丰度估计
IF 1.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-12-27 DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03215-8
Jorge Acevedo, Claudio A. Moraga, Katherine Gaete, Constanza Aguilar, Ignacio Acevedo-Oyarzo, Manuel Ochoa-Sánchez, Paola Acuña

The nesting site of Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) at Tucker islets (54°09'S; 70°17'W), Chile, is documented and information from the first population abundance estimate on the largest islet during the beginning of chick rearing is provided. Ground-based counts yielded an estimate of 8883 (95% Confidence Intervals: 6653–11,802) burrows; however, counts of active burrows resulted in a total estimate of 2218 (95% Confidence Intervals: 1593–2840) breeding pairs. Based on the estimated total of burrows, this suggests a population decline consistent with trends for other colonies in the Magellan Strait and adjacent waters in Chile. An annual monitoring program to track population changes, breeding success, and chick and egg survival rates is required to assess the species' conservation status of the colony.

记录了麦哲伦企鹅(Spheniscus magellanicus)在智利塔克小岛(南纬54°09';西经70°17')的筑巢地点,并提供了在雏鸟开始哺育期间对最大小岛的首次种群丰度估计信息。地面计数得出的洞穴估计数量为 8883 个(95% 置信区间:6653-11802);但对活动洞穴的计数得出的繁殖对总数估计为 2218 对(95% 置信区间:1593-2840)。根据估计的洞穴总数,这表明种群数量在下降,与麦哲伦海峡和智利邻近水域的其他群落的趋势一致。需要开展年度监测计划,跟踪种群变化、繁殖成功率、雏鸟和鸟蛋存活率,以评估该鸟群的物种保护状况。
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引用次数: 0
Genome-based characterization of the deep-sea psychrotolerant bacterium Bacillus altitudinis SORB11 isolated from the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean 从南大洋印度洋区分离的深海精神耐受性芽孢杆菌(Bacillus altitudinis SORB11)基于基因组的特征描述
IF 1.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-12-22 DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03212-x
Urmi Halder, Raju Biswas, Rajdeep Shaw, A. Chitikineni, Rajeev K. Varshney, R. Bandopadhyay
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引用次数: 0
Spatial structuring in early life stage fish diversity in the Scotia Sea region of the Southern Ocean 南大洋斯科舍海地区早期生命阶段鱼类多样性的空间结构
IF 1.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03210-z

Abstract

The fish community of the Scotia Sea is diverse and plays key roles in Antarctic food webs and biogeochemical cycling. However, knowledge of the spatial and community structure of their early life stages is limited, particularly in the region surrounding the South Orkney Islands. Here we examine the structure of the early life stage fish community in the epipelagic using data from a basin-scale survey conducted in early 2019, which sampled the top 200 m of the water column. 347 early life stage fish from 19 genera were caught in 58 hauls. A third of all specimens belonged to the genus Notolepis and the nine most common genera comprised over 90% of specimens. Cluster analysis revealed five distinct groupings, the most common were a group dominated by pelagic and shelf slope genera (Notolepis, Muraenolepis and Electrona) found mainly in oceanic waters (depth ≥ 1000 m), and a group dominated by species with demersal or benthopelagic adults (Chionodraco, Chaenocephalus and Nototheniops) found mainly in shelf waters. Bottom depth was the main environmental determinant of community structure, separating the diverse on-shelf assemblage at the South Orkneys from the less species-rich community of widespread oceanic taxa. Our results indicate the highest diversities of early life stages of endemic fish occur on the shelf and near-shelf areas. Dedicated monitoring is recommended to understand the seasonal differences in larval community assemblages and the implications of early life stages fish bycatch within the krill fishery.

摘要 斯科舍海的鱼类群落种类繁多,在南极食物网和生物地球化学循环中发挥着关键作用。然而,人们对鱼类早期生命阶段的空间和群落结构了解有限,尤其是在南奥克尼群岛周围地区。在此,我们利用 2019 年初进行的一次流域尺度调查的数据,对水柱顶部 200 米的区域进行了采样,研究了上深海早期生命阶段鱼类群落的结构。我们在 58 次拖网中捕获了 19 个属的 347 种早期生命阶段鱼类。三分之一的标本属于 Notolepis 属,九个最常见的属占标本的 90% 以上。聚类分析揭示了五个不同的组别,最常见的组别是以中上层和陆架斜坡鱼属(Notolepis、Muraenolepis 和 Electrona)为主的组别,这些鱼属主要分布在大洋水域(水深≥ 1000 米);以底栖或底栖成鱼为主的组别(Chionodraco、Chaenocephalus 和 Nototheniops),这些鱼属主要分布在陆架水域。底层深度是决定群落结构的主要环境因素,它将南奥克尼群岛的陆架多样性群落与物种不太丰富的广布海洋类群区分开来。我们的研究结果表明,陆架和近陆架地区特有鱼类早期生命阶段的多样性最高。建议进行专门监测,以了解幼虫群落组合的季节性差异,以及磷虾捕捞中误捕早期生命阶段鱼类的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Parasites of invasive pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792) (Actinopterygii: Salmonidae), in the Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea 白海干达拉沙湾入侵粉红鲑(Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792))(翼手目:鲑科)的寄生虫
IF 1.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-12-16 DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03214-9
Sergey Sokolov, Evgeny Ieshko, Natalia Gordeeva, Vyacheslav Gorbach, Aleksey Parshukov

Pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792), a native of the North Pacific Ocean, is an invasive fish species rapidly expanding in the North Atlantic, the adjacent waters of the Arctic Ocean, and rivers in their watersheds. We investigated the species composition of parasites and the structure of parasite communities of the introduced pink salmon in Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea in 2021. The parasites were identified using morphological and genetic methods. A total of 14 parasite species were recorded. The core species of the parasitic fauna of the introduced pink salmon in the Kandalaksha Bay were Clistobothrium sp., ʽDiphyllobothriumʼ spp., Scolex polymorphus Rudolphi, 1819 (plerocercoids), Brachyphallus crenatus (Rudolphi, 1802), Derogenes varicus (Müller, 1784), Lecithaster salmonis Yamaguti, 1934 (adults), Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) sensu stricto (juvenile III), and Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1802) (juveniles III and IV). We provided the first evidence that the Pacific genetic lineage of A. simplex sensu stricto occurs in European marine waters. In 2021, there was a noticeable increase in the mean abundance of the third-stage juveniles of Anisakis in the White Sea pink salmon compared to the period of 1990s-early 2000s. We conclude that the pink salmon occupies the same trophic niche in the new region of its introduction as in the native range.

原产于北太平洋的粉红鲑(Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum, 1792))是一种入侵鱼类,在北大西洋、北冰洋邻近水域及其流域的河流中迅速扩展。我们调查了 2021 年白海坎达拉沙湾引进的粉鲑寄生虫的物种组成和寄生虫群落结构。我们采用形态学和遗传学方法对寄生虫进行了鉴定。共记录了 14 种寄生虫。康达拉克沙湾引进的粉鲑寄生动物群的核心物种为 Clistobothrium sp.、ʽDiphyllobothriumʼ spp、Scolex polymorphus Rudolphi, 1819( plerocercoids)、Brachyphallus crenatus(Rudolphi, 1802)、Derogenes varicus(Müller, 1784)、Lecithaster salmonis Yamaguti, 1934(成体)、严格意义上的 Anisakis simplex(Rudolphi, 1809)(幼体 III)和 Hysterothylacium aduncum(Rudolphi, 1802)(幼体 III 和 IV)。我们首次提供了欧洲海域存在严格意义上的单纯栉水母太平洋遗传系的证据。与 20 世纪 90 年代至 21 世纪初相比,2021 年白海粉鲑中的疟原虫第三阶段幼体的平均数量明显增加。我们的结论是,粉鲑在其引入的新地区占据着与原产地相同的营养位。
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引用次数: 0
Diversity and abundance of free-living nematodes from Carlini Station, 25 de Mayo/King George Island, Antarctica: a case study in pristine and disturbed soils 南极洲五月二十五日/乔治王岛卡利尼站自由生活线虫的多样性和丰度:原始土壤和受干扰土壤的案例研究
IF 1.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03211-y
Augusto Salas, Bruno Fusaro, José Matías Rusconi, Matías Rosales, Darío Balcazar, Fernanda Achinelly, Eliseo Chaves, Diego Sauka, Lucas Ruberto, Martín Ansaldo

The Antarctic continent hosts life forms specially adapted to the extreme climatic challenges. Among these organisms are nematodes, key organisms in the cycling of nutrients in soil food webs. These organisms are bioindicators of environmental disturbances, making their study essential for assessing the impact of human activity in this unique ecosystem. The Carlini Station and the Antarctic Specially Protected Area 132 on the 25 de Mayo/King George Island, Antarctica, has seen limited investigation of free-living soil nematodes. This study aimed to analyze free-living nematode communities in pristine soils and anthropic-intervened soils in the Carlini Station area. Nematodes were extracted from soil samples and morphologically identified at the genus and family levels to calculated ecological indices to assess nematode community structure. Ecological indices (abundance, maturity, enrichment, and soil food structure) were calculated and their values were compared between anthropic and pristine sites using the ANOSIM, SIMPER, and ANOVA statistical tests. Additionally, using molecular analysis, a phylogenetic study was conducted. The study identified four nematode genera, including Plectus spp., Calcaridorylaimus spp., Eudorylaimus spp., and Coomansus spp., with Plectus spp. being the most abundant and widely distributed. Anthropic sites had lower maturity and higher enrichment values, indicative of disturbance, while pristine sites exhibited higher maturity and structure values, suggesting a healthier soil food web. These results suggest that anthropic intervention disrupts nematode communities and represent a significant contribution to the understanding of free-living nematode communities in Antarctica.

南极大陆上有许多特别适应极端气候挑战的生命形式。这些生物中有线虫,它们是土壤食物网中养分循环的关键生物。这些生物是环境干扰的生物指标,因此对它们的研究对于评估人类活动对这一独特生态系统的影响至关重要。卡里尼站和位于南极洲5月25日/乔治国王岛的第132南极特别保护区对自由生活的土壤线虫进行了有限的调查。本研究旨在分析Carlini站点地区原始土壤和人为干预土壤中自由生活的线虫群落。从土壤样品中提取线虫,在属和科水平上进行形态鉴定,计算生态指数,评价线虫群落结构。计算生态指数(丰度、成熟度、富集度和土壤食物结构),并使用ANOSIM、SIMPER和ANOVA统计检验比较人为和原始样地的生态指数。此外,利用分子分析,进行了系统发育研究。共鉴定出4个线虫属,包括Plectus spp.、Calcaridorylaimus spp.、Eudorylaimus spp.和Coomansus spp.,其中Plectus spp.数量最多,分布最广。人类活动样地的成熟度较低,富集值较高,表明存在扰动;而原始样地的成熟度和结构值较高,表明土壤食物网较为健康。这些结果表明,人为干预破坏了线虫群落,对了解南极洲自由生活的线虫群落有重要贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Patterns of occurrence of the sub-Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus tropicalis (Gray 1872) in Southern Brazil: climatic and environmental associations 亚南极海狗 Arctocephalus tropicalis(Gray 1872)在巴西南部的出现模式:与气候和环境的关系
IF 1.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03206-9
Carlos de Oliveira, Murilo Guimarães, Lucas Schroeder, Marcelo Zagonel-Oliveira, Gyrlene Aparecida Mendes da Silva, Márcio Borges-Martins, Daniel Danilewicz, Jonatas Henrique Fernandes Prado, Venisse Schossler, Silvina Botta, Eduardo Resende Secchi, Francisco Eliseu Aquino, Sergio Curi Estima, Marthán N. Bester, Larissa Rosa de Oliveira

This study presents the pattern of occurrence of sub-Antarctic fur seals (SAFS), Arctocephalus tropicalis, in the southern Brazilian coast and evaluate its association with climatic variability and anomalies in the concentration of chlorophytes and sea surface temperature in the reproductive colonies of Gough and Tristan da Cunha Islands. Date, sex, and age class of 254 stranded SAFS recorded between 1992 and 2013 were analyzed. Representative indexes of the patterns of climatic variability and environmental variables were obtained between four and five months before the records, the assumed interval of displacement for species between their closest breeding colonies and the southern Brazilian coast. The species was observed in southern Brazil between May and November each year, and most individuals were adult males. The records of SAFS on the southern Brazilian coast were associated with low concentration of chlorophytes interacting with negative sea surface temperature anomalies, and positive events of South Annular Mode, South Atlantic Ocean Dipole and Indian Ocean Dipole. Climatic variability is influencing the ecology SAFS, because it affects the environmental factors, that act as a driver of dispersion of the species. These variables had been interacting together in the region of the breeding colonies, and possibly during the fur seals’ journey towards the Brazilian coast. Considering the current scenario of global climate change, we expect that SAFS will continue to disperse to areas beyond their regular distribution, not only in the direction of the coasts of southern continents, but also further south, towards higher latitudes.

本研究介绍了亚南极海狗(Arctocephalus tropicalis)在巴西南部海岸的出现模式,并评估了其与气候变异以及戈夫岛和特里斯坦-达库尼亚群岛繁殖地叶绿素浓度和海面温度异常的关联。研究分析了 1992 年至 2013 年间记录的 254 只搁浅的南极海龟的日期、性别和年龄。在记录前 4 至 5 个月,即物种在其最近繁殖地和巴西南部海岸之间的假定迁移间隔期间,获得了气候变异和环境变量模式的代表性指数。每年 5 月至 11 月期间,在巴西南部都能观察到该物种,大多数个体为成年雄性。巴西南部海岸的 SAFS 记录与低浓度叶绿素、负海面温度异常以及南环流模式、南大西洋偶极子和印度洋偶极子的正事件相互作用有关。气候的多变性影响着南极海洋生物的生态学,因为它影响着环境因素,而环境因素是物种扩散的驱动力。这些变量在海狗繁殖地区域相互作用,也可能在海狗前往巴西海岸的过程中相互作用。考虑到当前全球气候变化的情况,我们预计海狗将继续向其常规分布区以外的地区扩散,不仅向南部大陆海岸扩散,而且还将向更南的高纬度地区扩散。
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引用次数: 0
Arthropods, nematodes, fungi, and bacteria associated with penguin carrion in Barton Peninsula, King George Island, Antarctica 南极洲乔治王岛巴顿半岛上与企鹅腐肉有关的节肢动物、线虫、真菌和细菌
IF 1.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-12-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03208-7
Nur Adilla Zaini, Van Lun Low, Selam Solomon Gebrelassie, Siti Sofo Ismail, Mohd Hafizi Mahmud, Jamal Houssaini, Won Young Lee, Jeffery K. Tomberlin, Chong Chin Heo

Carrion decomposition contributes to the soil microbial community structure. This research aimed to identify the soil arthropod, nematode, bacterial, and fungal communities associated with penguin carrion on King George Island, Antarctica. Soil samples were collected around and beneath fresh (freshly killed penguins by the predators) and dried (decomposed more than a year) penguin carrion. Soil bacterial and fungal communities associated with the penguin carrion were analyzed using the 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequencing, respectively. Arthropod identification was using Sanger sequencing and nematodes were determined using morphological identification. This study demonstrated no significant differences in arthropod and nematode, bacteria, and fungi communities between decomposition stages, soil location, and species of penguin carrion. This is the first study to identify soil arthropods, nematodes, bacterial, and fungal communities associated with penguin carrion, offering important insights into the initial documentation of the necrobiome communities in the polar region.

腐肉分解有助于改善土壤微生物群落结构。这项研究旨在确定南极洲乔治王岛上与企鹅腐肉相关的土壤节肢动物、线虫、细菌和真菌群落。研究人员在企鹅新鲜(刚被捕食者杀死的企鹅)和干燥(腐烂一年以上)的腐肉周围和下面采集了土壤样本。分别使用 16S rRNA 和内部转录间隔(ITS)基因测序分析了与企鹅腐肉相关的土壤细菌和真菌群落。节肢动物的鉴定采用桑格测序法,线虫的鉴定采用形态鉴定法。这项研究表明,在不同的腐烂阶段、土壤位置和企鹅腐肉种类之间,节肢动物和线虫、细菌和真菌群落没有明显差异。这是首次对与企鹅腐肉相关的土壤节肢动物、线虫、细菌和真菌群落进行鉴定的研究,为极地地区坏死生物群落的初步记录提供了重要依据。
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引用次数: 0
Prey consumption of bowhead whales in West Greenland estimated from drone measurements of body size and condition 西格陵兰岛弓头鲸的猎物消费量是通过无人机测量身体大小和状况来估计的
IF 1.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-12-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03207-8
Fredrik Christiansen, Outi M. Tervo, Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen, Jonas Teilmann

Understanding the energy requirement and prey consumption of Arctic predators is crucial to assess their vulnerability to climate change. The bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) is the largest predator of the Arctic, with Disko Bay in Greenland constituting a major feeding ground for a segment (predominantly larger juveniles and adult non-lactating females) of the Eastern Canada-West Greenland population. We used unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry to measure the body size and condition of bowhead whales in Disko Bay during the spring (March 26–June 1, 2022), from which we quantified their energy requirements and prey consumption. Measurements of body length, width and height were used to estimate the body volume and condition of juveniles (50 measurements from 39 individuals) and adults (232 measurements from 154 individuals). The body condition of adults increased at a rate of 0.112 percentage points day−1, or 44.1–87.8 L of blubber day−1 (for lengths 13.0–17.0 m). Using published data from harvested whales, the estimated blubber mass gain was 37.1–73.9 kg day−1, which equals an energy deposition rate of 1.01–2.01 GJ day−1. Body maintenance costs were predicted from allometric models, while activity costs and the heat increment of feeding were derived from published archival tag data. Reported length-at-age curves were used to estimate somatic growth costs. The energy requirements for juveniles and adults were 0.621–0.778 GJ day−1 (for lengths 11.0–12.9 m) and 3.662–7.826 GJ day−1 (for lengths 13.0–17.0 m), respectively, which equals a prey consumption rate of 17–22 kg of prey day−1 (0.1% of body mass) and 102–218 kg day−1 (0.3% of body mass).

了解北极食肉动物的能量需求和猎物消耗对于评估它们对气候变化的脆弱性至关重要。弓头鲸(Balaena mysticetus)是北极最大的掠食者,格陵兰岛的迪斯科湾构成了加拿大东部-格陵兰岛西部种群的一部分(主要是较大的幼鲸和成年非哺乳期雌性)的主要觅食地。在2022年3月26日至6月1日的春季,我们利用无人机摄影测量测量了迪斯科湾弓头鲸的体型和状况,并由此量化了它们的能量需求和猎物消耗。利用体长、体宽和体高测量值分别对39只幼鱼(50次测量)和154只成鱼(232次测量)的体体积和状况进行了估算。成年鲸的身体状况以每天0.112个百分点的速度增加,即每天44.1-87.8升的鲸脂(长度为13.0-17.0米)。利用已公布的收获鲸的数据,估计每天的鲸脂质量增加为37.1-73.9千克,相当于每天1.01-2.01 GJ的能量沉积率。身体维持成本由异速生长模型预测,而活动成本和摄食热增量则由公开的档案标签数据得出。报告的长度-年龄曲线用于估算体细胞生长成本。幼鱼和成鱼的能量需取量分别为0.621 ~ 0.778 GJ day - 1(体长11.0 ~ 12.9 m)和3.662 ~ 7.826 GJ day - 1(体长13.0 ~ 17.0 m),相当于捕食率分别为17 ~ 22 kg(体重的0.1%)和102 ~ 218 kg(体重的0.3%)。
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引用次数: 0
Short- and long-term plant and microbial uptake of 15N-labelled urea in a mesic tundra heath, West Greenland 西格陵兰中部冻土带荒原植物和微生物对15n标记尿素的短期和长期吸收
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-11-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00300-023-03209-6
Hélène Barthelemy, Liv Alexa Nobel, Sari Stark, Maria Väisänen, Johan Olofsson, Anders Michelsen
Abstract Terrestrial animals are key elements in the cycling of elements in the Arctic where nutrient availability is low. Waste production by herbivores, in particular urine deposition, has a crucial role for nitrogen (N) recycling, still, it remains largely unexplored. Also, experimental evidence is biased toward short-term studies and Arctic regions under high herbivore pressure. In this study, we aimed to examine the fate of N derived from urine in a nutrient poor tundra heath in West Greenland, with historical low level of herbivory. We performed a pulse labelling with 15 N-urea over the plant canopy and explored ecosystem N partition and retention in the short-term (2 weeks and 1 year) and longer-term (5 years). We found that all vascular plants, irrespective of their traits, could rapidly take up N-urea, but mosses and lichens were even more efficient. Total 15 N enrichment was severely reduced for all plants 5 years after tracer addition, with the exception of cryptogams, indicating that non-vascular plants constituted a long-term sink of 15 N-urea. The 15 N recovery was also high in the litter suggesting high N immobilization in this layer, potentially delaying the nutrients from urine entering the soil compartment. Long-term 15 N recovery in soil microbial biomass was minimal, but as much as 30% of added 15 N remained in the non-microbial fraction after 5 years. Our results demonstrate that tundra plants that have evolved under low herbivory pressure are well adapted to quickly take advantage of labile urea, with urine having only a transient effect on soil nutrient availability.
陆生动物是北极地区元素循环的关键元素,那里的养分利用率很低。食草动物产生的废物,特别是尿液沉积,对氮(N)的循环利用起着至关重要的作用,但它在很大程度上仍未被探索。此外,实验证据偏向于短期研究和高食草动物压力下的北极地区。在这项研究中,我们旨在研究西格陵兰岛营养贫乏的苔原荒原中尿液中氮的命运,该地区的草食水平历史较低。我们在植物冠层上进行了15 N-尿素脉冲标记,并探索了短期(2周和1年)和长期(5年)生态系统N的分配和保留。我们发现所有维管植物,无论其性状如何,都能迅速吸收n -尿素,但苔藓和地衣的吸收效率更高。在添加示踪剂5年后,除隐花菊外,所有植物的总15n富集量都严重降低,表明非维管植物构成了15n -尿素的长期汇。凋落物的15n回收率也很高,表明这一层的N固定程度很高,可能会延迟尿液中的养分进入土壤隔间。土壤微生物生物量的长期15n恢复很少,但在5年后,添加的15n中有多达30%留在非微生物部分。我们的研究结果表明,在低草食压力下进化的苔原植物能够很好地适应快速利用不稳定的尿素,而尿液对土壤养分有效性只有短暂的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase/Pre-B Cell Colony-enhancing Factor/Visfatin in preventing High Glucose-induced Neurotoxicity in an In-vitro Model of Diabetic Neuropathy. 烟酰胺磷酸核糖基转移酶/前 B 细胞集落增强因子/Visfatin 在糖尿病神经病变体外模型中预防高血糖诱导的神经毒性的有效性
4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2021.2870.2
Sarvin Jahanbani, Mehdi Khaksari, Fatemeh Sadat Bitaraf, Majid Rahmati, Kobra Foroughi, Asghar Shayannia

Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy is a well-known complication of diabetes. Recently, hyperglycemia-induced toxicity has been confirmed to participates in multiple cellular pathways typical for neural deterioration. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase/pre-b cell colony-enhancing factor (Nampt/PBEF)/visfatin is a novel endogenous ligand that some studies have shown its neuroprotective effects on neurodegenerative disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that visfatin may prevent high glucose (HG)-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis, autophagy, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses properly.

Methods: In this study, pheochromocytoma cell line 12 (PC12) cells were exposed to both HG concentrations (50, 75, 100, 125, 150 mM) and visfatin (50, 100, 150 ng/mL) at different time -points to determine the optimum time and dose of glucose and visfatin. To investigate the effects of visfatin on HG-induced damage in the PC12 diabetic neuropathy model, we examined ROS response, apoptosis, and autophagy using ROS detection kit, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR/Western blot, respectively.

Results: We determined that HG concentration significantly increased the ROS level and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells. However, visfatin treatment significantly decreased the ROS production (P<0.05) and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells (P<0.0001). Beclin-1 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level (P<0.05) and light chain 3 (Lc3)-II protein level (P<0.05) showed that the autophagy pathway is impaired by HG concentrations.

Conclusion: We concluded that visfatin can sufficiently decrease neural damage caused by ROS production and apoptosis under HG-induced toxicity.

Highlights: High glucose significantly increased the ROS level and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells;The autophagy pathway is impaired by high glucose;Nampt/PBEF/visfatin can significantly reduce neural damage caused by ROS production and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cells.

Plain language summary: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from a failure in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Visfatin (Nampt/PBEF) has insulin-mimetic effects. So far, no study has assessed its effects on diabetic neuropathy. Therefore, we examined the neuroprotective effects of visfatin on cell line 12 (PC12) against glucose-induced neurotoxicity. Based on the results, it was concluded that the Nampt/PBEF/visfatin can significantly reduce neural damage caused by production of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis of diabetic PC12 cell.

导言糖尿病神经病变是众所周知的糖尿病并发症。最近,已证实高血糖诱导的毒性参与了多种典型的神经恶化细胞通路。烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶/前 B 细胞集落增强因子(Nampt/PBEF)/visfatin 是一种新型内源性配体,一些研究表明它对神经退行性疾病有保护作用。因此,我们推测visfatin可能通过适当抑制细胞凋亡、自噬和活性氧(ROS)反应来预防高血糖(HG)诱导的神经毒性:在这项研究中,嗜铬细胞瘤细胞系12(PC12)细胞在不同的时间点暴露于50、75、100、125、150毫摩尔浓度的HG和50、100、150纳克/毫升的维司他丁,以确定葡萄糖和维司他丁的最佳时间和剂量。为了研究粘肽对 PC12 糖尿病神经病变模型中 HG 诱导的损伤的影响,我们使用 ROS 检测试剂盒、流式细胞术和实时 PCR/Western 印迹分别检测了 ROS 反应、细胞凋亡和自噬:结果:我们发现HG浓度会明显增加糖尿病PC12细胞的ROS水平和细胞凋亡。结果:我们发现,HG 浓度能明显增加糖尿病 PC12 细胞的 ROS 水平和细胞凋亡,但粘蛋白处理能明显减少 ROS 的产生(PC):我们得出结论:在HG诱导的毒性作用下,维司他丁能充分减少ROS产生和细胞凋亡对神经造成的损伤:白话摘要:糖尿病是一种代谢性疾病,其特征是由于胰岛素分泌、胰岛素作用或两者同时失效而导致的高血糖。Visfatin(Nampt/PBEF)具有胰岛素模拟作用。迄今为止,还没有研究评估过它对糖尿病神经病变的影响。因此,我们研究了 Visfatin 对 12 号细胞系(PC12)葡萄糖诱导的神经毒性的神经保护作用。结果表明,Nampt/PBEF/visfatin 能显著减少糖尿病 PC12 细胞因活性氧的产生和凋亡而导致的神经损伤。
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Polar Biology
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