Pub Date : 2022-05-16DOI: 10.19195/1232-9657.29.10
T. Jelonek
The main purpose of this article is an attempt to analyse the justifications of microtoponyms regarding name creation and ethnolinguistics. The research material contains over 1000 geographical names with different kind of data (e.g. information concerning semantic motivations). These geographical names were collected from 2011 to 2017 during informal conversations with the oldest- and middle-generation inhabitants of Wręczyca Wielka in the Klobuck poviat. Name-creation justifications of microtoponyms contain not only data concerning semantic motivations, but also extensive cultural contexts which elucidate the function of designated objects at village space. The information gained from the respondents shows a naïve method of interpreting non-linguistic reality, typical for microcommunity members. Furthermore, considering the form and way of communication, small assumptions regarding the respondents can be made.
{"title":"Uzasadnienia nazwotwórcze mikrotoponimów w perspektywie etnolingwistycznej","authors":"T. Jelonek","doi":"10.19195/1232-9657.29.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1232-9657.29.10","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this article is an attempt to analyse the justifications of microtoponyms regarding name creation and ethnolinguistics. The research material contains over 1000 geographical names with different kind of data (e.g. information concerning semantic motivations). These geographical names were collected from 2011 to 2017 during informal conversations with the oldest- and middle-generation inhabitants of Wręczyca Wielka in the Klobuck poviat. \u0000Name-creation justifications of microtoponyms contain not only data concerning semantic motivations, but also extensive cultural contexts which elucidate the function of designated objects at village space. The information gained from the respondents shows a naïve method of interpreting non-linguistic reality, typical for microcommunity members. Furthermore, considering the form and way of communication, small assumptions regarding the respondents can be made.","PeriodicalId":203833,"journal":{"name":"Język a Kultura","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125501197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elements of the sacred in the legal-official style using the example of documents of the regional councils from the 16th to the 18th centuryLegal acts of the regional councils represent the legal and official style. These documents contain numerous references to the sacred, which is the result of the communication convention in force in the Middle-Polish period and Sarmatian culture, represented by the participants of this communication. The Sejmiks were most often held in the church. The dating of documents also contained religious elements. Officials applied temporal terms determined by the liturgical calendar. The sacral motifs appear in many acts of speech, both polite in titles, wishes, thanks and performative in oaths. The image of God in documents is similar to God’s image in literary works. God is seen above all as a creator, donor, ruler, guardian and judge. His traits are, for example, justice, kindness and mercy.
{"title":"Elementy sacrum w stylu prawno-urzędowym na przykładzie dokumentów sejmików ziemskich doby średniopolskiej","authors":"Małgorzata Dawidziak-Kładoczna","doi":"10.19195/1232-9657.27.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1232-9657.27.5","url":null,"abstract":"Elements of the sacred in the legal-official style using the example of documents of the regional councils from the 16th to the 18th centuryLegal acts of the regional councils represent the legal and official style. These documents contain numerous references to the sacred, which is the result of the communication convention in force in the Middle-Polish period and Sarmatian culture, represented by the participants of this communication. The Sejmiks were most often held in the church. The dating of documents also contained religious elements. Officials applied temporal terms determined by the liturgical calendar. The sacral motifs appear in many acts of speech, both polite in titles, wishes, thanks and performative in oaths. The image of God in documents is similar to God’s image in literary works. God is seen above all as a creator, donor, ruler, guardian and judge. His traits are, for example, justice, kindness and mercy.","PeriodicalId":203833,"journal":{"name":"Język a Kultura","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129338707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-13DOI: 10.19195/1232-9657.27.17
Anna Burzyńska-Kamieniecka, J. Kamieniecki
The Latin lingual and cultural image of HOME selected aspectsThe authors of the article use research tools typical of cognitive ethnolinguistics in order to reconstruct the Latin lingual and cultural image of HOME domus romana. As a material base, they use predominantly the following language data: system-based etymology and different meanings ascribed to the Latin lexeme domus, synonyms and antonyms, collocations, etc. and text-based texts that are examples of the artistic and professional discourse. On the basis of the analysis carried out they separate the basic dimensions of the Roman HOME conceptualization, such as: physical home as a place, structure, social familia romana, functional and cultural whose common ground is the idea of residence. Bearing in mind the complexity of the gathered language material the authors separate the following base profiles for the representation of HOME: material home as a structure, patriarchal home as a family seat, institutional home as a seat for public institutions, and finally cultural axiological and sacred — home as a treasury with values and a place of religious adoration. Understanding of the concept of HOME in ancient times described in this article allows the authors to portray the conceptualization of this phenomenon as a multidimensional reality relating to various aspects of ancient Romans’ lives.
{"title":"Łaciński językowo-kulturowy obraz DOMU wybrane aspekty","authors":"Anna Burzyńska-Kamieniecka, J. Kamieniecki","doi":"10.19195/1232-9657.27.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1232-9657.27.17","url":null,"abstract":"The Latin lingual and cultural image of HOME selected aspectsThe authors of the article use research tools typical of cognitive ethnolinguistics in order to reconstruct the Latin lingual and cultural image of HOME domus romana. As a material base, they use predominantly the following language data: system-based etymology and different meanings ascribed to the Latin lexeme domus, synonyms and antonyms, collocations, etc. and text-based texts that are examples of the artistic and professional discourse. On the basis of the analysis carried out they separate the basic dimensions of the Roman HOME conceptualization, such as: physical home as a place, structure, social familia romana, functional and cultural whose common ground is the idea of residence. Bearing in mind the complexity of the gathered language material the authors separate the following base profiles for the representation of HOME: material home as a structure, patriarchal home as a family seat, institutional home as a seat for public institutions, and finally cultural axiological and sacred — home as a treasury with values and a place of religious adoration. Understanding of the concept of HOME in ancient times described in this article allows the authors to portray the conceptualization of this phenomenon as a multidimensional reality relating to various aspects of ancient Romans’ lives.","PeriodicalId":203833,"journal":{"name":"Język a Kultura","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114386093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-13DOI: 10.19195/1232-9657.27.12
Marcin Poprawa
Propaganda as a weapon and a tool of totalitarian power: The image of the concept in the common discourse of the war and occupation years 1939–1945The author of the article describes the ways of conceptualizing Nazi totalitarian propaganda during the Second World War 1939–1945 in occupied Poland. This totalitarian discourse created many defense mechanisms on the level of colloquial knowledge, humor directed against the occupant, and was the object of counter-propaganda activities conducted by Polish underground organizations. This article describes a fragment of the “anti-totalitarian discourse” that emerges from the diaries and journals of the period described.
{"title":"Propaganda as a weapon and a tool of totalitarian power: The image of the concept in the common discourse of the war and occupation years 1939–1945","authors":"Marcin Poprawa","doi":"10.19195/1232-9657.27.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1232-9657.27.12","url":null,"abstract":"Propaganda as a weapon and a tool of totalitarian power: The image of the concept in the common discourse of the war and occupation years 1939–1945The author of the article describes the ways of conceptualizing Nazi totalitarian propaganda during the Second World War 1939–1945 in occupied Poland. This totalitarian discourse created many defense mechanisms on the level of colloquial knowledge, humor directed against the occupant, and was the object of counter-propaganda activities conducted by Polish underground organizations. This article describes a fragment of the “anti-totalitarian discourse” that emerges from the diaries and journals of the period described.","PeriodicalId":203833,"journal":{"name":"Język a Kultura","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123733728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Orient in Polish: An image of the Orient in Polish lexicographyThe article focuses on the study of the meaning, occurrence and use of the term Orient and its derivatives — associated words related to it — in the Polish language. The starting point is the concept of a linguistic image of the world that assumes the dependence of the individual’s perception of reality on the language he or she uses. A person, learning about the world, experiences it with the help of native speech, which imposes a certain specific way of thinking. The language appears as a filter and a ready set of interpretive schemes that impose a specific point of view on the user. The aim of the presented research is the reconstruction of the linguistic image of the non-linguistic reality section represented by the Orient lexeme and its derivatives. The study covered the National Corpus of the Polish Language, more widely available dictionary and encyclopedic definitions, and types of usage that can be observed in the contemporary public space represented by the so-called old and new media. The article also focuses on the connotations of the word Orient appearing in the Polish language system. An important part of the research focuses on the functioning of the analyzed lexeme and its derivatives in Polish culture, taking into account the changes taking place. The observed changes were separated and described, then presented in a chronological manner. The presented analysis creates the possibility of a better understanding of the perception of the Orient by people speaking Polish.
{"title":"Orient po polsku. Obraz orientu w polskiej leksykografii","authors":"Daria Prokop","doi":"10.19195/1232-9657.27.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1232-9657.27.8","url":null,"abstract":"The Orient in Polish: An image of the Orient in Polish lexicographyThe article focuses on the study of the meaning, occurrence and use of the term Orient and its derivatives — associated words related to it — in the Polish language. The starting point is the concept of a linguistic image of the world that assumes the dependence of the individual’s perception of reality on the language he or she uses. A person, learning about the world, experiences it with the help of native speech, which imposes a certain specific way of thinking. The language appears as a filter and a ready set of interpretive schemes that impose a specific point of view on the user. The aim of the presented research is the reconstruction of the linguistic image of the non-linguistic reality section represented by the Orient lexeme and its derivatives. The study covered the National Corpus of the Polish Language, more widely available dictionary and encyclopedic definitions, and types of usage that can be observed in the contemporary public space represented by the so-called old and new media. The article also focuses on the connotations of the word Orient appearing in the Polish language system. An important part of the research focuses on the functioning of the analyzed lexeme and its derivatives in Polish culture, taking into account the changes taking place. The observed changes were separated and described, then presented in a chronological manner. The presented analysis creates the possibility of a better understanding of the perception of the Orient by people speaking Polish.","PeriodicalId":203833,"journal":{"name":"Język a Kultura","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125744573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Persuasion in Jan Kochanowski’s proseIn this article we will review persuasive language devices used in Jan Kochanowski’s prose texts that vary in terms of text genres, forms, length and purpose of expression. All the discussed works of the poet belong to different text genres, such as: social and political journalism, moralist treatise, historical treatise, funeral speech, short witty anecdotes and stories. The text analysis proves that there are often conjunctions at the beginning of many sentences. These words not only link sentence components or complex sentences but they also determine the cohesion of larger units than sentences and mark a referential function. Kochanowski often incorporates parentheses, citing and rhetorical questions. As a result, a persuasive function is achieved due to the choice of an utterance form and a text genre, appropriate selection of stylistic devices enhancing persuasion and text construction forms and, last but not least, adequate lexical diversity. In his style Kochanowski followed the rules of rhetoric characteristic of the 16th century. The low/plain style had a didactic purpose, the middle style was chosen to praise or to reprimand others and the high/grand style was limited to texts referring to matters of great importance.
{"title":"Perswazja w prozie Jana Kochanowskiego","authors":"Krystyna Data","doi":"10.19195/1232-9657.27.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1232-9657.27.4","url":null,"abstract":"Persuasion in Jan Kochanowski’s proseIn this article we will review persuasive language devices used in Jan Kochanowski’s prose texts that vary in terms of text genres, forms, length and purpose of expression. All the discussed works of the poet belong to different text genres, such as: social and political journalism, moralist treatise, historical treatise, funeral speech, short witty anecdotes and stories. The text analysis proves that there are often conjunctions at the beginning of many sentences. These words not only link sentence components or complex sentences but they also determine the cohesion of larger units than sentences and mark a referential function. Kochanowski often incorporates parentheses, citing and rhetorical questions. As a result, a persuasive function is achieved due to the choice of an utterance form and a text genre, appropriate selection of stylistic devices enhancing persuasion and text construction forms and, last but not least, adequate lexical diversity. In his style Kochanowski followed the rules of rhetoric characteristic of the 16th century. The low/plain style had a didactic purpose, the middle style was chosen to praise or to reprimand others and the high/grand style was limited to texts referring to matters of great importance.","PeriodicalId":203833,"journal":{"name":"Język a Kultura","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126059561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The beginnings of the shaping of social representations of borrowings in the public sphereThe article presents an initial phase of the process of shaping of social representations of borrowings. The aim was to obtain a view of the way in which participants of the public sphere talked about these elements of language, how they perceived them as well as what common sense image was created on this basis in the communication sphere and how it was modified. The first judgements and opinions on the matter of foreign words appeared around the 16th century and evolved from that moment. The theory of social representations developed by Serge Moscovici was applied as a theoretical and methodological basis of the description. Its research tools allow us to see the way in which societies construct meanings of matters important to them. On the basis of the analysis of the material it was established that from the beginning there were rather antagonistic elements of social representations of borrowings. The functionality of borrowings was noticed. Yet it was postulated that they should be eliminated from texts on account of the necessity to develop the native language, the incomprehensibility of statements as well as the excessive trend of foreignness.
{"title":"Początki kształtowania się reprezentacji społecznej zapożyczeń w sferze publicznej","authors":"Piotr Zbróg","doi":"10.19195/1232-9657.27.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1232-9657.27.3","url":null,"abstract":"The beginnings of the shaping of social representations of borrowings in the public sphereThe article presents an initial phase of the process of shaping of social representations of borrowings. The aim was to obtain a view of the way in which participants of the public sphere talked about these elements of language, how they perceived them as well as what common sense image was created on this basis in the communication sphere and how it was modified. The first judgements and opinions on the matter of foreign words appeared around the 16th century and evolved from that moment. The theory of social representations developed by Serge Moscovici was applied as a theoretical and methodological basis of the description. Its research tools allow us to see the way in which societies construct meanings of matters important to them. On the basis of the analysis of the material it was established that from the beginning there were rather antagonistic elements of social representations of borrowings. The functionality of borrowings was noticed. Yet it was postulated that they should be eliminated from texts on account of the necessity to develop the native language, the incomprehensibility of statements as well as the excessive trend of foreignness.","PeriodicalId":203833,"journal":{"name":"Język a Kultura","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114682714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On the origin and evolution of humorThe paper discusses various hypotheses that humor is an evolutionary adaptation. First, those research fields that may shed light on the origin and evolution of humor are presented. Second, the problem of dating the origin of humor and laughter is briefly addressed. Third, three groups of evolutionary explanations are considered, each of which is associated with one of the main theories of humor: psychoanalytical, cognitive-perceptual and social-behavioral theories. The data provide quite convincing evidence of cognitive and social benefits that may have facilitated the evolutionary development of humor. These data are consistent with core theses of the cognitive-perceptual theories of humor on the one hand and with some less prominent versions of the social-behavioral theories on the other hand.
{"title":"Geneza i ewolucja humoru","authors":"Agnieszka Libura","doi":"10.19195/1232-9657.27.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1232-9657.27.9","url":null,"abstract":"On the origin and evolution of humorThe paper discusses various hypotheses that humor is an evolutionary adaptation. First, those research fields that may shed light on the origin and evolution of humor are presented. Second, the problem of dating the origin of humor and laughter is briefly addressed. Third, three groups of evolutionary explanations are considered, each of which is associated with one of the main theories of humor: psychoanalytical, cognitive-perceptual and social-behavioral theories. The data provide quite convincing evidence of cognitive and social benefits that may have facilitated the evolutionary development of humor. These data are consistent with core theses of the cognitive-perceptual theories of humor on the one hand and with some less prominent versions of the social-behavioral theories on the other hand.","PeriodicalId":203833,"journal":{"name":"Język a Kultura","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125795203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-13DOI: 10.19195/1232-9657.27.11
Marcin Poprawa
Totalitarianism as a collective experience and conceptualisation in language: The language image of the concept in the underground press and the language of political propaganda of the Second World WarThe article consists of two parts. In the first part, the author of the article describes the history of the concept of totalitarianism and words used in the semantic field of that lexeme. In the theoretical fragments, the author describes the phenomenon of lexicographical and semantic researches on the word totalitarianism also presents a history of that important word from the political vocabulary. The second part of the article is empirical. The author presents examples of how lexical meanings of totalitarianism were used in a very important period of history and a very important period for that word. The article describes the process of beginning to name totalitarianism and the semantic process of that concept during the Second World War.
{"title":"Totalitaryzm — doświadczenie i konceptualizacja językowa. Obraz pojęcia w języku polityki okresu drugiej wojny światowej","authors":"Marcin Poprawa","doi":"10.19195/1232-9657.27.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19195/1232-9657.27.11","url":null,"abstract":"Totalitarianism as a collective experience and conceptualisation in language: The language image of the concept in the underground press and the language of political propaganda of the Second World WarThe article consists of two parts. In the first part, the author of the article describes the history of the concept of totalitarianism and words used in the semantic field of that lexeme. In the theoretical fragments, the author describes the phenomenon of lexicographical and semantic researches on the word totalitarianism also presents a history of that important word from the political vocabulary. The second part of the article is empirical. The author presents examples of how lexical meanings of totalitarianism were used in a very important period of history and a very important period for that word. The article describes the process of beginning to name totalitarianism and the semantic process of that concept during the Second World War.","PeriodicalId":203833,"journal":{"name":"Język a Kultura","volume":"196 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131542590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：