Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005138
Zhejun Tu, Francisco Mendoza, Rhea Valentina
Autonomous industrial instruments such as energy harvesting temperature transmitters are slowly being adopted in industrial automation systems. These are power-critical applications, since limited amount of energy is available for the operation of an industrial instrument. Meanwhile, an instrument should be able to regularly transmit process variables during long periods of time without any maintenance. The embedded platforms used by these devices must be highly optimised in terms of low power consumption. In process industry, instruments usually consist of complex hardware and software (HW/SW). It is critical that the instrument does not break down because of the limited power supply. However, in a traditional design flow, the power consumption is hard to estimate. Virtual prototyping provides the benefits of doing simulation in the early design stage. Yet, the conventional methodologies do not estimate the power consumption efficiently and correctly. In this work, a run-time power monitoring tool is created and integrated in a virtual prototype (VP). It is based on SystemC and Transaction-Level Modelling (TLM). When the virtual prototype executes the embedded software, the power monitoring tool parallelly gives out the power estimation. The whole estimation is achieved in the early design phase of HW/SW co-simulation. The estimation result improves the HW/SW design of the instruments with optimised energy consumption. This shortens the time-to-market of the instrument, and reduces its development budget.
{"title":"Power profiling of autonomous industrial instruments based on virtual prototyping","authors":"Zhejun Tu, Francisco Mendoza, Rhea Valentina","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005138","url":null,"abstract":"Autonomous industrial instruments such as energy harvesting temperature transmitters are slowly being adopted in industrial automation systems. These are power-critical applications, since limited amount of energy is available for the operation of an industrial instrument. Meanwhile, an instrument should be able to regularly transmit process variables during long periods of time without any maintenance. The embedded platforms used by these devices must be highly optimised in terms of low power consumption. In process industry, instruments usually consist of complex hardware and software (HW/SW). It is critical that the instrument does not break down because of the limited power supply. However, in a traditional design flow, the power consumption is hard to estimate. Virtual prototyping provides the benefits of doing simulation in the early design stage. Yet, the conventional methodologies do not estimate the power consumption efficiently and correctly. In this work, a run-time power monitoring tool is created and integrated in a virtual prototype (VP). It is based on SystemC and Transaction-Level Modelling (TLM). When the virtual prototype executes the embedded software, the power monitoring tool parallelly gives out the power estimation. The whole estimation is achieved in the early design phase of HW/SW co-simulation. The estimation result improves the HW/SW design of the instruments with optimised energy consumption. This shortens the time-to-market of the instrument, and reduces its development budget.","PeriodicalId":20477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"60 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90396674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005152
M. Friman
An automatic modeling method, which creates an inference engine out of raw data, is suggested. The inference engine is used by the automation system to assist operators in decision making. We aim at plant-wide modeling of industrial processes and we therefore prioritize fast and approximate solutions. The suggested method is capable of creating models with hundreds of variables. As a basic structure we utilize multi-dimensional histograms, which at a lower level model the relations of two or three variables. These sub-models are connected in a tree structure. Both the variable selection of sub-models and the tree structure connections are based on Shannon entropy.
{"title":"A method for automatic generation of plant-wide inference engines","authors":"M. Friman","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005152","url":null,"abstract":"An automatic modeling method, which creates an inference engine out of raw data, is suggested. The inference engine is used by the automation system to assist operators in decision making. We aim at plant-wide modeling of industrial processes and we therefore prioritize fast and approximate solutions. The suggested method is capable of creating models with hundreds of variables. As a basic structure we utilize multi-dimensional histograms, which at a lower level model the relations of two or three variables. These sub-models are connected in a tree structure. Both the variable selection of sub-models and the tree structure connections are based on Shannon entropy.","PeriodicalId":20477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90398133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005142
A. Puhm, M. Kramer, P. Moosbrugger, M. Horauer
Nowadays, multiple sensor nodes are often incorporated into technical solutions forming distributed sensor systems. Herein, advanced detection mechanisms are often realised by using data from multiple sensors in such a network. However, sometimes active sensors - like Time-Of-Flight cameras - interfere with each other. To solve this problem and assist in data correlation, a clock synchronisation method, like IEEE1588, can be adapted. Although, if the sensor nodes have not been developed with this in mind they have to be refitted. An optimal refit of a system is the one that needs the least modifications necessary to achieve the desired goal. This paper lists the impact - in terms of jitter and asymmetry - that different components of a system have on IEEE1588 synchronisation precision and methods to eliminate or alleviate jitter and asymmetry sources in order to enable respective sensor fusion.
{"title":"Problems and solutions for refitting a sensor network with IEEE1588 clock synchronisation","authors":"A. Puhm, M. Kramer, P. Moosbrugger, M. Horauer","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005142","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, multiple sensor nodes are often incorporated into technical solutions forming distributed sensor systems. Herein, advanced detection mechanisms are often realised by using data from multiple sensors in such a network. However, sometimes active sensors - like Time-Of-Flight cameras - interfere with each other. To solve this problem and assist in data correlation, a clock synchronisation method, like IEEE1588, can be adapted. Although, if the sensor nodes have not been developed with this in mind they have to be refitted. An optimal refit of a system is the one that needs the least modifications necessary to achieve the desired goal. This paper lists the impact - in terms of jitter and asymmetry - that different components of a system have on IEEE1588 synchronisation precision and methods to eliminate or alleviate jitter and asymmetry sources in order to enable respective sensor fusion.","PeriodicalId":20477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89415350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005317
Luís Marques, V. Vasconcelos, P. Pedreiras, V. Silva, L. Almeida
In safety-critical systems a global high-reliability is sought, including in the communication network when a distributed control system is used. The FlexRay protocol was developed within the automotive industry with the necessary characteristics to respond to the demands of safety-critical applications, e.g. X-by-wire. Nevertheless, the FlexRay protocol does not define a mechanism to guarantee message delivery, nor defines global error signaling, leaving the resolution of these problems to the application. This paper presents a preliminary proposal for a mechanism that uses temporal redundancy to recover transient errors in time-triggered messages. An extra node is used to trigger message retransmissions whenever errors or omissions do effectively occur. This mechanism uses the FlexRay dynamic segment to implement message retransmissions, leading to a minimum recovery time, typically one cycle, together with a very small bandwidth usage.
{"title":"Efficient transient error recovery in FlexRay using the dynamic segment","authors":"Luís Marques, V. Vasconcelos, P. Pedreiras, V. Silva, L. Almeida","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005317","url":null,"abstract":"In safety-critical systems a global high-reliability is sought, including in the communication network when a distributed control system is used. The FlexRay protocol was developed within the automotive industry with the necessary characteristics to respond to the demands of safety-critical applications, e.g. X-by-wire. Nevertheless, the FlexRay protocol does not define a mechanism to guarantee message delivery, nor defines global error signaling, leaving the resolution of these problems to the application. This paper presents a preliminary proposal for a mechanism that uses temporal redundancy to recover transient errors in time-triggered messages. An extra node is used to trigger message retransmissions whenever errors or omissions do effectively occur. This mechanism uses the FlexRay dynamic segment to implement message retransmissions, leading to a minimum recovery time, typically one cycle, together with a very small bandwidth usage.","PeriodicalId":20477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"68 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87195661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005030
Juan-Pablo López-Grao, J. Colom, Fernando Tricas García
The disparity of Petri net models in the literature for the study of resource allocation problems in Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMSs) is overwhelming. Paradoxically, those models often strongly overlap in terms of their modeling capability. Such clustering seems to be impelled by a mature knowledge of results which capsize liveness at the topological level of the FMS for families of models which comply with some properties of good behaviour. Not rarely, such properties are embraced at the expense of severe or inconsistent syntax restrictions paying slight regard to actual modelling requirements in the application domain of FMSs. In this paper, we promote a distillation of the current amalgam of subclasses and tangent results, proposing taxonomic categories that allow capturing the different capabilities of each kind of model and establishing a reference framework for past and future advances.
{"title":"The deadlock problem in the control of Flexible Manufacturing Systems: An overview of the Petri net approach","authors":"Juan-Pablo López-Grao, J. Colom, Fernando Tricas García","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005030","url":null,"abstract":"The disparity of Petri net models in the literature for the study of resource allocation problems in Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMSs) is overwhelming. Paradoxically, those models often strongly overlap in terms of their modeling capability. Such clustering seems to be impelled by a mature knowledge of results which capsize liveness at the topological level of the FMS for families of models which comply with some properties of good behaviour. Not rarely, such properties are embraced at the expense of severe or inconsistent syntax restrictions paying slight regard to actual modelling requirements in the application domain of FMSs. In this paper, we promote a distillation of the current amalgam of subclasses and tangent results, proposing taxonomic categories that allow capturing the different capabilities of each kind of model and establishing a reference framework for past and future advances.","PeriodicalId":20477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"86 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77006416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005245
F. Bonin-Font, P. Negre, A. Burguera, G. Oliver
Effectiveness in loop closing detection is crucial to increase accuracy in SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) for mobile robots. The most representative approaches to visual loop closing detection are based on feature matching or BOW (Bag of Words), being slow and needing a lot of memory resources or a previously defined vocabulary, which complicates and delays the whole process. This paper present a new visual LSH (Locality Sensitive Hashing)-based approach for loop closure detection, where images are hashed to accelerate considerably the whole comparison process. The algorithm is applied in AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles), in several aquatic scenarios, showing promising results and the validity of this proposal to be applied online.
闭环检测的有效性是提高移动机器人同步定位与绘图精度的关键。最具代表性的视觉闭环检测方法是基于特征匹配或BOW (Bag of Words)，这些方法速度慢，需要大量的内存资源或预先定义的词汇表，这使得整个过程变得复杂和延迟。本文提出了一种新的基于局部敏感哈希(Locality Sensitive hash)的闭环检测方法，该方法对图像进行了哈希处理，大大加快了整个比较过程。将该算法应用于AUV(自主水下航行器)的多个水上场景，结果表明该算法具有良好的在线应用效果。
{"title":"LSH for loop closing detection in underwater visual SLAM","authors":"F. Bonin-Font, P. Negre, A. Burguera, G. Oliver","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005245","url":null,"abstract":"Effectiveness in loop closing detection is crucial to increase accuracy in SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) for mobile robots. The most representative approaches to visual loop closing detection are based on feature matching or BOW (Bag of Words), being slow and needing a lot of memory resources or a previously defined vocabulary, which complicates and delays the whole process. This paper present a new visual LSH (Locality Sensitive Hashing)-based approach for loop closure detection, where images are hashed to accelerate considerably the whole comparison process. The algorithm is applied in AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles), in several aquatic scenarios, showing promising results and the validity of this proposal to be applied online.","PeriodicalId":20477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"32 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75044598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005171
D. Nguyen, Q. Duong, E. Zamaï, M. Shahzad
This paper proposes a method for real time diagnosis against product quality drifts in an automated manufacturing system. We use Logical Diagnosis model to reduce the search space of suspected equipment in the production flow, which is then formulated as a Bayesian network to compute risk priority for each equipment, using joint and conditional probabilities. The objective is to quickly and accurately localize the possible fault origins and support effective decisions on corrective maintenance. The key advantages offered by this method are (i) reduced unscheduled equipment breakdowns, and (ii) increased and stable production capacities, required for success in highly competitive and automated manufacturing systems. Moreover, this is a generic method and can be deployed on fully or semi automated manufacturing systems.
{"title":"Bayesian network model with dynamic structure identification for real time diagnosis","authors":"D. Nguyen, Q. Duong, E. Zamaï, M. Shahzad","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005171","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a method for real time diagnosis against product quality drifts in an automated manufacturing system. We use Logical Diagnosis model to reduce the search space of suspected equipment in the production flow, which is then formulated as a Bayesian network to compute risk priority for each equipment, using joint and conditional probabilities. The objective is to quickly and accurately localize the possible fault origins and support effective decisions on corrective maintenance. The key advantages offered by this method are (i) reduced unscheduled equipment breakdowns, and (ii) increased and stable production capacities, required for success in highly competitive and automated manufacturing systems. Moreover, this is a generic method and can be deployed on fully or semi automated manufacturing systems.","PeriodicalId":20477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"53 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78137116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005254
Stefan Hauck-Stattelmann, Sebastian Biallas, Bastian Schlich, S. Kowalewski
Static code analysis techniques are a well-established tool to improve the efficiency of software developers and for checking the correctness of safety-critical software components. However, their use is often limited to general purpose or “mainstream” programming languages. For these languages, static code analysis has found its way into many integrated development environments and is available to a large number of software developers. In other domains, e. g., for the programming languages used to develop many industrial control applications, tools supporting sophisticated static code analysis techniques are rarely used. This paper reports on the experience of the authors while adapting static code analysis to a software development environment for engineering the control software of industrial process automation systems. The applicability of static code analysis for industrial controller code is demonstrated by a case study using a real-world control system.
{"title":"Applying static code analysis on industrial controller code","authors":"Stefan Hauck-Stattelmann, Sebastian Biallas, Bastian Schlich, S. Kowalewski","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005254","url":null,"abstract":"Static code analysis techniques are a well-established tool to improve the efficiency of software developers and for checking the correctness of safety-critical software components. However, their use is often limited to general purpose or “mainstream” programming languages. For these languages, static code analysis has found its way into many integrated development environments and is available to a large number of software developers. In other domains, e. g., for the programming languages used to develop many industrial control applications, tools supporting sophisticated static code analysis techniques are rarely used. This paper reports on the experience of the authors while adapting static code analysis to a software development environment for engineering the control software of industrial process automation systems. The applicability of static code analysis for industrial controller code is demonstrated by a case study using a real-world control system.","PeriodicalId":20477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"25 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78253969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005123
W. Dai, V. Vyatkin, V. Dubinin, J. Christensen
Improvement of flexibility and interoperability is a usual concern of industrial automation systems developers. Service-oriented architecture is one approach promising improvement of flexibility and interoperability in existing distributed automation systems. However, the intelligent self-managing features cannot be fully achieved by just applying the service-oriented architecture. In order to improve efficiency and reliability of distributed automation systems, the service-oriented architecture is extended in this paper by autonomic service management. The design of the autonomic service manager is provided and some key features such as self-configuration, self-healing and self-optimization are demonstrated. The design of a flexible and interoperable execution environment is also illustrated. Some preliminary tests are completed with a case study.
{"title":"Enhancing distributed automation systems with efficiency and reliability by applying autonomic service management","authors":"W. Dai, V. Vyatkin, V. Dubinin, J. Christensen","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005123","url":null,"abstract":"Improvement of flexibility and interoperability is a usual concern of industrial automation systems developers. Service-oriented architecture is one approach promising improvement of flexibility and interoperability in existing distributed automation systems. However, the intelligent self-managing features cannot be fully achieved by just applying the service-oriented architecture. In order to improve efficiency and reliability of distributed automation systems, the service-oriented architecture is extended in this paper by autonomic service management. The design of the autonomic service manager is provided and some key features such as self-configuration, self-healing and self-optimization are demonstrated. The design of a flexible and interoperable execution environment is also illustrated. Some preliminary tests are completed with a case study.","PeriodicalId":20477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"72 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74892385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005309
Lorenzo Racchetti, C. Fantuzzi, L. Tacconi, M. Bonfè
We developed an UML-State-charts Object Oriented Design Pattern for PLCs IEC61131-3. This PLC UML-State-chart Design Pattern aims to explore the advantage of Object Oriented Programming by IEC61131-3 in PLCs, and to provide a direct map of UML State-chart to PLC code. We illustrates the design pattern and its use through UML Class diagrams and an application example. This Design Pattern can be used to reduce the development time of State-charts in automation software. It can also lead towards further investigations in PLC Design Patterns that may improve the whole development of automation software.
{"title":"The PLC UML State-chart design pattern","authors":"Lorenzo Racchetti, C. Fantuzzi, L. Tacconi, M. Bonfè","doi":"10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ETFA.2014.7005309","url":null,"abstract":"We developed an UML-State-charts Object Oriented Design Pattern for PLCs IEC61131-3. This PLC UML-State-chart Design Pattern aims to explore the advantage of Object Oriented Programming by IEC61131-3 in PLCs, and to provide a direct map of UML State-chart to PLC code. We illustrates the design pattern and its use through UML Class diagrams and an application example. This Design Pattern can be used to reduce the development time of State-charts in automation software. It can also lead towards further investigations in PLC Design Patterns that may improve the whole development of automation software.","PeriodicalId":20477,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA)","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74771107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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