Personalized wearable ICT systems presented in fashionable and appealing lifestyle-designs have gained critical user acceptance, and comprise momentum to bring wearable computing to a socio-technical mass phenomenon within the next few years. Early indicators for this expected wearable systems 'tsunami' are the 'spring tide' of some 5.3 billion mobile phone platforms (i.e. mobile subscribers) as of the end of 2013, and an assessed market potential for 300 million smart watches in 2014 [1]. This technological and market evolution raises questions on the potentials and opportunities of turning these massively deployed wearable systems to a globe spanning superorganism of socially interactive personal digital assistants. While the individual wearables are of heterogeneous provenance and typically act autonomously, we can assume that they can (and will) self-organize into large scale cooperative collectives, with humans being mostly out-of-the-loop [2]. We could refer to these emerging massive collectives of wearables as a "superorganism" [3], since it exhibits properties of a living organism (like e.g. 'collective intelligence') on its own.
{"title":"Collective wristwear: the world in the hands of humankind","authors":"A. Ferscha","doi":"10.1145/2638728.2659394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2638728.2659394","url":null,"abstract":"Personalized wearable ICT systems presented in fashionable and appealing lifestyle-designs have gained critical user acceptance, and comprise momentum to bring wearable computing to a socio-technical mass phenomenon within the next few years. Early indicators for this expected wearable systems 'tsunami' are the 'spring tide' of some 5.3 billion mobile phone platforms (i.e. mobile subscribers) as of the end of 2013, and an assessed market potential for 300 million smart watches in 2014 [1]. This technological and market evolution raises questions on the potentials and opportunities of turning these massively deployed wearable systems to a globe spanning superorganism of socially interactive personal digital assistants. While the individual wearables are of heterogeneous provenance and typically act autonomously, we can assume that they can (and will) self-organize into large scale cooperative collectives, with humans being mostly out-of-the-loop [2]. We could refer to these emerging massive collectives of wearables as a \"superorganism\" [3], since it exhibits properties of a living organism (like e.g. 'collective intelligence') on its own.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73693740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Fischer, Enrico Costanza, S. Ramchurn, James A. Colley, T. Rodden
We present an ethnographic study of energy advisors working for a charity that provides support, particularly to people in fuel poverty. Our fieldwork comprises detailed observations that reveal the collaborative, interactional work of energy advisors and clients during home visits, supplemented with interviews and a participatory design workshop with advisors. We identify opportunities for Ubicomp technologies that focus on supporting the work of the advisor, including complementing the collaborative advice giving in home visits, providing help remotely, and producing evidence in support of accounts of practices and building conditions useful for interactions with landlords, authorities and other third parties. We highlight six specific design challenges that relate the domestic fuel poverty setting to the wider Ubicomp literature. Our work echoes a shift in attention from energy use and the individual consumer, specifically to matters of advice work practices and the domestic fuel poverty setting, and to the discourse around inclusive Ubicomp technologies.
{"title":"Energy advisors at work: charity work practices to support people in fuel poverty","authors":"J. Fischer, Enrico Costanza, S. Ramchurn, James A. Colley, T. Rodden","doi":"10.1145/2632048.2636081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2632048.2636081","url":null,"abstract":"We present an ethnographic study of energy advisors working for a charity that provides support, particularly to people in fuel poverty. Our fieldwork comprises detailed observations that reveal the collaborative, interactional work of energy advisors and clients during home visits, supplemented with interviews and a participatory design workshop with advisors. We identify opportunities for Ubicomp technologies that focus on supporting the work of the advisor, including complementing the collaborative advice giving in home visits, providing help remotely, and producing evidence in support of accounts of practices and building conditions useful for interactions with landlords, authorities and other third parties. We highlight six specific design challenges that relate the domestic fuel poverty setting to the wider Ubicomp literature. Our work echoes a shift in attention from energy use and the individual consumer, specifically to matters of advice work practices and the domestic fuel poverty setting, and to the discourse around inclusive Ubicomp technologies.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77876742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prafulla N. Dawadi, D. Cook, M. Schmitter-Edgecombe
In this paper, we investigate methods of performing automated cognitive health assessment from smart home sensor data. Specifically, we introduce an algorithm to quantify and track changes in activities of daily living and in the mobility of a smart home resident over time using longitudinal smart home sensor data. We use an automated activity recognition algorithm to recognize a smart home resident's activities of daily living from the generated sensor data, and introduce a Compare and Count (2C) algorithm to quantify the changes in everyday behavior. We test our approach using a longitudinal sensor dataset that we collected from 18 single-resident smart homes for nearly two years and study the relationship between observed changes in the sensor-based everyday functioning parameters and changes in standard clinical health assessment scores. The results suggest that we may be able to develop sensor-based change algorithms that can predict specific components of cognitive and physical health.
{"title":"Smart home-based longitudinal functional assessment","authors":"Prafulla N. Dawadi, D. Cook, M. Schmitter-Edgecombe","doi":"10.1145/2638728.2638813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2638728.2638813","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate methods of performing automated cognitive health assessment from smart home sensor data. Specifically, we introduce an algorithm to quantify and track changes in activities of daily living and in the mobility of a smart home resident over time using longitudinal smart home sensor data. We use an automated activity recognition algorithm to recognize a smart home resident's activities of daily living from the generated sensor data, and introduce a Compare and Count (2C) algorithm to quantify the changes in everyday behavior. We test our approach using a longitudinal sensor dataset that we collected from 18 single-resident smart homes for nearly two years and study the relationship between observed changes in the sensor-based everyday functioning parameters and changes in standard clinical health assessment scores. The results suggest that we may be able to develop sensor-based change algorithms that can predict specific components of cognitive and physical health.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84233311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research results on smart heating systems based on occupancy prediction are often difficult to reproduce and to compare. Evaluating the performance of these systems through simulation or real experiments requires defining suitable scenarios and setting a large number of parameters. As different authors rely on different scenarios and parameter settings, comparing the reported performance results is often infeasible. In this paper, we argue that overcoming this problem is crucial to bring research on smart heating systems a step forward. We outline the main factors influencing the performance of such systems and we show how these factors can be integrated by proposing a simple yet thorough evaluation methodology for smart heating systems. Using parameters synthesised from real-world occupancy and weather data, we describe how this methodology can be used to establish performance bounds of smart heating systems.
{"title":"Smart heating control with occupancy prediction: how much can one save?","authors":"Wilhelm Kleiminger, S. Santini, F. Mattern","doi":"10.1145/2638728.2641555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2638728.2641555","url":null,"abstract":"Research results on smart heating systems based on occupancy prediction are often difficult to reproduce and to compare. Evaluating the performance of these systems through simulation or real experiments requires defining suitable scenarios and setting a large number of parameters. As different authors rely on different scenarios and parameter settings, comparing the reported performance results is often infeasible. In this paper, we argue that overcoming this problem is crucial to bring research on smart heating systems a step forward. We outline the main factors influencing the performance of such systems and we show how these factors can be integrated by proposing a simple yet thorough evaluation methodology for smart heating systems. Using parameters synthesised from real-world occupancy and weather data, we describe how this methodology can be used to establish performance bounds of smart heating systems.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84236746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Viktor Losing, Thies Pfeiffer, Lukas Rottkamp, Michael Zeunert
In many applications it is necessary to guide humans' visual attention towards certain points in the environment. This can be to highlight certain attractions in a touristic application for smart glasses, to signal important events to the driver of a car or to draw the attention of a user of a desktop system to an important message of the user interface. The question we are addressing here is: How can we guide visual attention if we are not able to do it visually? In the presented approach we use gaze-contingent auditory feedback (sonification) to guide visual attention and show that people are able to make use of this guidance to speed up visual search tasks significantly.
{"title":"Guiding visual search tasks using gaze-contingent auditory feedback","authors":"Viktor Losing, Thies Pfeiffer, Lukas Rottkamp, Michael Zeunert","doi":"10.1145/2638728.2641687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2638728.2641687","url":null,"abstract":"In many applications it is necessary to guide humans' visual attention towards certain points in the environment. This can be to highlight certain attractions in a touristic application for smart glasses, to signal important events to the driver of a car or to draw the attention of a user of a desktop system to an important message of the user interface. The question we are addressing here is: How can we guide visual attention if we are not able to do it visually? In the presented approach we use gaze-contingent auditory feedback (sonification) to guide visual attention and show that people are able to make use of this guidance to speed up visual search tasks significantly.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84479988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We describe a qualitative study of delegate engagement with technology in academic conferences through a large-scale deployment of prototype technologies. These deployments represent current themes in conference technologies, such as providing access to content and opportunities for socialising between delegates. We consider not just the use of individual technologies, but also the overall impact of an assemblage of interfaces, ranging from ambient to interactive and mobile to situated. Based on a two-week deployment followed by interviews and surveys of attendees, we discuss the ways in which delegates engaged with the prototypes and the implications this had for their experience of the conferences. From our findings, we draw three new themes to inform the development of future conference technologies.
{"title":"Exploring delegate engagement with an augmented conference","authors":"N. Taylor, Tom Bartindale, John Vines, P. Olivier","doi":"10.1145/2632048.2632068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2632048.2632068","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a qualitative study of delegate engagement with technology in academic conferences through a large-scale deployment of prototype technologies. These deployments represent current themes in conference technologies, such as providing access to content and opportunities for socialising between delegates. We consider not just the use of individual technologies, but also the overall impact of an assemblage of interfaces, ranging from ambient to interactive and mobile to situated. Based on a two-week deployment followed by interviews and surveys of attendees, we discuss the ways in which delegates engaged with the prototypes and the implications this had for their experience of the conferences. From our findings, we draw three new themes to inform the development of future conference technologies.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"30 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85677866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long-Van Nguyen-Dinh, G. Tröster, Alberto Calatroni
In the existing multimodal systems for activity recognition, there is no single method to process different sensor modalities at different on-body positions. Moreover, sensor types are often selected and optimized so as to accord with the goal of application. The complexity makes those systems infeasible to be deployed for new settings. This paper proposes a unified system which works with any available wearable sensors placed on user's body to spot activities. Each data stream is treated uniformly through our proposed template matching WarpingLCSS to spot activities. With the uniformity in extracting activity-specific patterns from raw sensor signals, our proposed system is compatible with respect to modalities and body-worn positions. We evaluate our system on the Opportunity dataset of four subjects consisting of 17 hard-to-classify classes (e.g., open/close drawers at different heights) with 17 sensors belonging to three modalities (accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetic field) attached at different on-body positions. The system achieves good performances (63% to 84% in F1 score). Moreover, the robustness and efficiency to addition and removal of sensors as well as activity classes are also investigated.
{"title":"Towards a unified system for multimodal activity spotting: challenges and a proposal","authors":"Long-Van Nguyen-Dinh, G. Tröster, Alberto Calatroni","doi":"10.1145/2638728.2641301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2638728.2641301","url":null,"abstract":"In the existing multimodal systems for activity recognition, there is no single method to process different sensor modalities at different on-body positions. Moreover, sensor types are often selected and optimized so as to accord with the goal of application. The complexity makes those systems infeasible to be deployed for new settings. This paper proposes a unified system which works with any available wearable sensors placed on user's body to spot activities. Each data stream is treated uniformly through our proposed template matching WarpingLCSS to spot activities. With the uniformity in extracting activity-specific patterns from raw sensor signals, our proposed system is compatible with respect to modalities and body-worn positions. We evaluate our system on the Opportunity dataset of four subjects consisting of 17 hard-to-classify classes (e.g., open/close drawers at different heights) with 17 sensors belonging to three modalities (accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetic field) attached at different on-body positions. The system achieves good performances (63% to 84% in F1 score). Moreover, the robustness and efficiency to addition and removal of sensors as well as activity classes are also investigated.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85938238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryan Ahmed, Michael Frontz, Alex Chambers, Stephen Voida
Information work generally occurs within a multitasking environment with attention focused on the computer screen, constant task switching and frequent interruptions. In this environment, software-based task management techniques may blend in too much to be optimally effective. The Time Machine is proposed as a physical interface distinctly separated from the task environment with real-world manifestations of arbitrary concepts of tasks and time, while providing constant visibility of status through an ambient display for self-reflection. The Time Machine aims to promote distributed cognition and utilize the stage-based model of personal informatics and the Pomodoro technique toward productive and enjoyable task management.
{"title":"A tangible approach to time management","authors":"Ryan Ahmed, Michael Frontz, Alex Chambers, Stephen Voida","doi":"10.1145/2638728.2638794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2638728.2638794","url":null,"abstract":"Information work generally occurs within a multitasking environment with attention focused on the computer screen, constant task switching and frequent interruptions. In this environment, software-based task management techniques may blend in too much to be optimally effective. The Time Machine is proposed as a physical interface distinctly separated from the task environment with real-world manifestations of arbitrary concepts of tasks and time, while providing constant visibility of status through an ambient display for self-reflection. The Time Machine aims to promote distributed cognition and utilize the stage-based model of personal informatics and the Pomodoro technique toward productive and enjoyable task management.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85401559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Personal Network (PN) is a logical network of interconnected components used by an individual. It encompasses the home network, the Personal Area Network (PAN), and the Vehicular Area Network (VAN) and includes cloud-based services. Previous security analyses, including ITU-T Recommendation X.1111, have focussed on the individual physical networks rather than the PN itself. By consolidating and structuring previous work, we propose an updated and enhanced security analysis for the PN. In our characteristic-based approach we identify the primary characteristics of the PN and its components and use these to develop an abstract PN asset model. From this, we derive the main attacker objectives and a list of attack vectors through which these could be achieved. We propose a mapping between the attack vectors and the PN component characteristics that can be used to determine the specific attacks to which a particular component is vulnerable. In this paper, we present a summary of this analysis and discuss its usage.
{"title":"Characteristic-based security analysis of personal networks","authors":"Andrew J. Paverd, F. El-Moussa, I. Brown","doi":"10.1145/2638728.2641549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2638728.2641549","url":null,"abstract":"The Personal Network (PN) is a logical network of interconnected components used by an individual. It encompasses the home network, the Personal Area Network (PAN), and the Vehicular Area Network (VAN) and includes cloud-based services. Previous security analyses, including ITU-T Recommendation X.1111, have focussed on the individual physical networks rather than the PN itself. By consolidating and structuring previous work, we propose an updated and enhanced security analysis for the PN. In our characteristic-based approach we identify the primary characteristics of the PN and its components and use these to develop an abstract PN asset model. From this, we derive the main attacker objectives and a list of attack vectors through which these could be achieved. We propose a mapping between the attack vectors and the PN component characteristics that can be used to determine the specific attacks to which a particular component is vulnerable. In this paper, we present a summary of this analysis and discuss its usage.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"40 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78490151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Living alone in their own residence, older adults are at-risk for late assessment of physical or cognitive changes due to many factors such as their impression that such changes are simply a normal part of aging or their reluctance to admit to a problem. Sensors networks have emerged in the last decade as a possible solution to older adult health monitoring and early illness recognition. Typical early illness recognition approaches are either concentrated on the detection of a given set of activities such as a fall or walks, or on the detection of anomalies such as too many bathroom visits. In this paper we propose a new illness recognition framework, MFA, based on detecting a missing frequent activity from the daily routine. MFA is implemented using a frequent temporal pattern detection algorithm and demonstrated on a pilot dataset collected in TigerPlace, an aging in place community from Columbia, Missouri.
{"title":"A new illness recognition framework using frequent temporal pattern mining","authors":"Z. Hajihashemi, M. Popescu","doi":"10.1145/2638728.2638805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2638728.2638805","url":null,"abstract":"Living alone in their own residence, older adults are at-risk for late assessment of physical or cognitive changes due to many factors such as their impression that such changes are simply a normal part of aging or their reluctance to admit to a problem. Sensors networks have emerged in the last decade as a possible solution to older adult health monitoring and early illness recognition. Typical early illness recognition approaches are either concentrated on the detection of a given set of activities such as a fall or walks, or on the detection of anomalies such as too many bathroom visits. In this paper we propose a new illness recognition framework, MFA, based on detecting a missing frequent activity from the daily routine. MFA is implemented using a frequent temporal pattern detection algorithm and demonstrated on a pilot dataset collected in TigerPlace, an aging in place community from Columbia, Missouri.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72807241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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