Activity recognition enables many user-facing smartphone applications, but it may suffer from misclassifications when trained models attempt to classify previously-unseen real-world behavior. Our system mitigates this problem by first identifying spurious classifications and then automatically pruning a decision tree model to remove labels that tend to produce wrong inferences, resulting in a 10% classification improvement based on our data set.
{"title":"Improving activity recognition via automatic decision tree pruning","authors":"T. Phan","doi":"10.1145/2638728.2641310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2638728.2641310","url":null,"abstract":"Activity recognition enables many user-facing smartphone applications, but it may suffer from misclassifications when trained models attempt to classify previously-unseen real-world behavior. Our system mitigates this problem by first identifying spurious classifications and then automatically pruning a decision tree model to remove labels that tend to produce wrong inferences, resulting in a 10% classification improvement based on our data set.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78119412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Individual mood is important for physical and emotional well-being. Despite the physiological reasons, emotional contagion between peoples is also pivotal to understand and further predict people's emotional change. However, an ignored yet important task is to find the behavior differences between easygoing and sharp-tongued persons in daily life. We present a novel metric to measure people's capacity to make their encounters negative. Then Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic model and multimodal exposure features(MME) are used to study the behavior differences, extracting the probable contact patterns of different kinds of people and how they contact with each other. Finally, to make practical, a MME Feed-forward Neural Network is given out to judge people's role in emotion contamination, with using people's own mobile-phones contact list. Taking the MIT Social Evolution dataset as an example, the experimental results verify the efficacy of our techniques on real-world data.
{"title":"Negative energy detector using cellphone bluetooth and contact list","authors":"Zhanwei Du, Chuang Ma, Yongjian Yang, Bo Yang","doi":"10.1145/2638728.2638729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2638728.2638729","url":null,"abstract":"Individual mood is important for physical and emotional well-being. Despite the physiological reasons, emotional contagion between peoples is also pivotal to understand and further predict people's emotional change. However, an ignored yet important task is to find the behavior differences between easygoing and sharp-tongued persons in daily life. We present a novel metric to measure people's capacity to make their encounters negative. Then Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic model and multimodal exposure features(MME) are used to study the behavior differences, extracting the probable contact patterns of different kinds of people and how they contact with each other. Finally, to make practical, a MME Feed-forward Neural Network is given out to judge people's role in emotion contamination, with using people's own mobile-phones contact list. Taking the MIT Social Evolution dataset as an example, the experimental results verify the efficacy of our techniques on real-world data.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"484 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76270689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Aminian, F. Dadashi, B. Mariani, C. Lenoble-Hoskovec, B. Santos-Eggimann, C. Büla
Spatiotemporal gait analysis with body worn inertial sensors improves diagnosis in clinical practice. Most of the gait performance measures are affected by walking speed. However, it has not been investigated that how much information foot clearance parameters share with the key parameters of gait performance domains. Using shoe-worn inertial sensors and previously validated algorithm we measured spatiotemporal as well as clearance gait parameters in a cohort of able-bodied adults over the age of 65 (N=879). Principal components analysis showed that variability of foot clearance parameters contribute to the main variability in gait data. Moreover, only weak to moderate correlation of gait speed and stride length with some clearance parameters has been observed. We recommend the assessment of clearance parameters during gait analysis in addition to parameters such as gait speed, bearing in mind the importance of foot clearance measures in obstacle negotiation, slipping and tripping related falls.
{"title":"Gait analysis using shoe-worn inertial sensors: how is foot clearance related to walking speed?","authors":"K. Aminian, F. Dadashi, B. Mariani, C. Lenoble-Hoskovec, B. Santos-Eggimann, C. Büla","doi":"10.1145/2632048.2632071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2632048.2632071","url":null,"abstract":"Spatiotemporal gait analysis with body worn inertial sensors improves diagnosis in clinical practice. Most of the gait performance measures are affected by walking speed. However, it has not been investigated that how much information foot clearance parameters share with the key parameters of gait performance domains. Using shoe-worn inertial sensors and previously validated algorithm we measured spatiotemporal as well as clearance gait parameters in a cohort of able-bodied adults over the age of 65 (N=879). Principal components analysis showed that variability of foot clearance parameters contribute to the main variability in gait data. Moreover, only weak to moderate correlation of gait speed and stride length with some clearance parameters has been observed. We recommend the assessment of clearance parameters during gait analysis in addition to parameters such as gait speed, bearing in mind the importance of foot clearance measures in obstacle negotiation, slipping and tripping related falls.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72966077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atsushi Hashimoto, Shinsuke Mori, Tetsuro Sasada, M. Minoh, Yoko Yamakata
In this paper, we provide a multimodal dataset for understanding cooking activities. To build the dataset, we instructed the subjects to perform cooking according to instructional texts shown on a display one by one. The instructional texts were generated from flow graphs, which were automatically extracted from recipes sampled from a Web site. The main identity of this dataset is the correspondence between the steps automatically extracted from recipes, and real human activities. Typical uses of our dataset are to construct classifiers for understanding human activities in the kitchen, text generation through observing the activities, and so on.
{"title":"KUSK dataset: toward a direct understanding of recipe text and human cooking activity","authors":"Atsushi Hashimoto, Shinsuke Mori, Tetsuro Sasada, M. Minoh, Yoko Yamakata","doi":"10.1145/2638728.2641338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2638728.2641338","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we provide a multimodal dataset for understanding cooking activities. To build the dataset, we instructed the subjects to perform cooking according to instructional texts shown on a display one by one. The instructional texts were generated from flow graphs, which were automatically extracted from recipes sampled from a Web site. The main identity of this dataset is the correspondence between the steps automatically extracted from recipes, and real human activities. Typical uses of our dataset are to construct classifiers for understanding human activities in the kitchen, text generation through observing the activities, and so on.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"274 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73142825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we explore using large digital displays in combination with a personal mobile application to publicly and privately encourage people to make healthy choices. We designed, built, and deployed an experimental system called Lunch Line that promoted healthy eating. Lunch Line includes a public display that enables passersby to view the reported eating behavior of a group of people and take on daily "food challenges," and a mobile web application that allows users to record personal food choices, report challenge achievement, and compare their choices with other users and with USDA recommendations. Results from a 3-week field evaluation at a company cafeteria showed that our integrated system was effective in drawing public attention, delivering challenges, enabling self-tracking and self-reflection, and providing feedback on personal and group choices. We share lessons on how to design future systems that integrate situated public displays and personal mobile devices to encourage healthy choices.
{"title":"Lunch line: using public displays and mobile devices to encourage healthy eating in an organization","authors":"K. Chang, C. Danis, Robert G. Farrell","doi":"10.1145/632048.2636086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/632048.2636086","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore using large digital displays in combination with a personal mobile application to publicly and privately encourage people to make healthy choices. We designed, built, and deployed an experimental system called Lunch Line that promoted healthy eating. Lunch Line includes a public display that enables passersby to view the reported eating behavior of a group of people and take on daily \"food challenges,\" and a mobile web application that allows users to record personal food choices, report challenge achievement, and compare their choices with other users and with USDA recommendations. Results from a 3-week field evaluation at a company cafeteria showed that our integrated system was effective in drawing public attention, delivering challenges, enabling self-tracking and self-reflection, and providing feedback on personal and group choices. We share lessons on how to design future systems that integrate situated public displays and personal mobile devices to encourage healthy choices.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74181719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantified Self "meetup" groups appear to appeal largely to middle-aged white males. What happens when the target demographic is changed to high school-aged Latina girls? This paper summarizes two lessons learned from an initial effort to enact a version of a Quantified Self meetup with youth from this population. Specifically, the appearances of the devices and limited access to resources outside of the meetup sessions were major concerns.
{"title":"Lessons learned from an initial effort to bring a quantified self \"meetup\" experience to a new demographic","authors":"Victor R. Lee, M. Briggs","doi":"10.1145/2638728.2641321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2638728.2641321","url":null,"abstract":"Quantified Self \"meetup\" groups appear to appeal largely to middle-aged white males. What happens when the target demographic is changed to high school-aged Latina girls? This paper summarizes two lessons learned from an initial effort to enact a version of a Quantified Self meetup with youth from this population. Specifically, the appearances of the devices and limited access to resources outside of the meetup sessions were major concerns.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74427000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Arab, A. Giroux, J. Bauchet, S. Giroux, H. Pigot
Assistive technologies can help cognitively impaired people in planning and memory tasks [1]. To provide efficient assistance, pervasive environments should be able to adapt assistance to the user's capacities, the activity to perform and the context. This paper presents an analysis of a cooking activity performed by a user with intellectual disability in a pervasive environment, named Archipel. The objective is to assess the impact of this environment on the activity processing. The activity analysis is based on ergonomic and neuropsychological methods. The results show that Archipel has a positive impact on the user's self-determination and independence. Further improvements should take into account the cognitive deficits presented by the people and ergonomic principles to provide more appropriate assistance.
{"title":"Design and assessment of enabling environments for cooking activities","authors":"F. Arab, A. Giroux, J. Bauchet, S. Giroux, H. Pigot","doi":"10.1145/2638728.2641329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2638728.2641329","url":null,"abstract":"Assistive technologies can help cognitively impaired people in planning and memory tasks [1]. To provide efficient assistance, pervasive environments should be able to adapt assistance to the user's capacities, the activity to perform and the context. This paper presents an analysis of a cooking activity performed by a user with intellectual disability in a pervasive environment, named Archipel. The objective is to assess the impact of this environment on the activity processing. The activity analysis is based on ergonomic and neuropsychological methods. The results show that Archipel has a positive impact on the user's self-determination and independence. Further improvements should take into account the cognitive deficits presented by the people and ergonomic principles to provide more appropriate assistance.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74879566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crowdsensing technologies are rapidly evolving and are expected to be utilized on commercial applications such as location-based services. Crowdsensing collects sensory data from daily activities of users without burdening users, and the data size is expected to grow into a population scale. However, quality of service is difficult to ensure for commercial use. Incentive design in crowdsensing with monetary rewards or gamifications is, therefore, attracting attention for motivating participants to collect data to increase data quantity. In contrast, we propose Steered Crowdsensing, which controls the incentives of users by using the game elements on location-based services for directly improving the quality of service rather than data size. For a feasibility study of steered crowdsensing, we deployed a crowdsensing system focusing on application scenarios of building processes on wireless indoor localization systems. In the results, steered crowdsensing realized deployments faster than non-steered crowdsensing while having half as many data.
{"title":"Steered crowdsensing: incentive design towards quality-oriented place-centric crowdsensing","authors":"Ryoma Kawajiri, M. Shimosaka, H. Kashima","doi":"10.1145/2632048.2636064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2632048.2636064","url":null,"abstract":"Crowdsensing technologies are rapidly evolving and are expected to be utilized on commercial applications such as location-based services. Crowdsensing collects sensory data from daily activities of users without burdening users, and the data size is expected to grow into a population scale. However, quality of service is difficult to ensure for commercial use. Incentive design in crowdsensing with monetary rewards or gamifications is, therefore, attracting attention for motivating participants to collect data to increase data quantity. In contrast, we propose Steered Crowdsensing, which controls the incentives of users by using the game elements on location-based services for directly improving the quality of service rather than data size. For a feasibility study of steered crowdsensing, we deployed a crowdsensing system focusing on application scenarios of building processes on wireless indoor localization systems. In the results, steered crowdsensing realized deployments faster than non-steered crowdsensing while having half as many data.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72629645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multiple vendors now provide relatively inexpensive desktop eye and gaze tracking devices. With miniature-ization and decreasing manufacturing costs, gaze trackers will follow the path of webcams, becoming ubiquitous and inviting many of the same privacy concerns. However, whereas the privacy loss from webcams may be obvious to the user, gaze tracking is more opaque and deserves special attention. In this paper, we review current research in gaze tracking and pupillometry and argue that gaze data should be protected by both policy and good data hygiene.
{"title":"Privacy considerations for a pervasive eye tracking world","authors":"Daniel J. Liebling, Sören Preibusch","doi":"10.1145/2638728.2641688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2638728.2641688","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple vendors now provide relatively inexpensive desktop eye and gaze tracking devices. With miniature-ization and decreasing manufacturing costs, gaze trackers will follow the path of webcams, becoming ubiquitous and inviting many of the same privacy concerns. However, whereas the privacy loss from webcams may be obvious to the user, gaze tracking is more opaque and deserves special attention. In this paper, we review current research in gaze tracking and pupillometry and argue that gaze data should be protected by both policy and good data hygiene.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73903706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whilst being addressed in terms of traditional online interactions, the concept of consent has only recently seen attention in respect of pervasive systems. This paper takes the position that consent (online), as it currently stands, is a fiction. It reflects only the most basic requirements of the original concept and, as such, should not be transferred to Ubicomp systems without careful reconfiguration. In a world of pervasive sensors, software agents and tick and click consent, where is the space for human agency? This paper draws on the findings of previous studies to suggest an emerging framework that seeks to move beyond securing consent, to sustaining user agency within the design of Ubicomp systems.
{"title":"Sustaining consent through agency: a framework for future development","authors":"E. Luger, T. Rodden","doi":"10.1145/2638728.2641680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2638728.2641680","url":null,"abstract":"Whilst being addressed in terms of traditional online interactions, the concept of consent has only recently seen attention in respect of pervasive systems. This paper takes the position that consent (online), as it currently stands, is a fiction. It reflects only the most basic requirements of the original concept and, as such, should not be transferred to Ubicomp systems without careful reconfiguration. In a world of pervasive sensors, software agents and tick and click consent, where is the space for human agency? This paper draws on the findings of previous studies to suggest an emerging framework that seeks to move beyond securing consent, to sustaining user agency within the design of Ubicomp systems.","PeriodicalId":20496,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing: Adjunct Publication","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79291397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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