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Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems最新文献

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Using High Frequency Accelerometer and Mouse to Compensate for End-to-end Latency in Indirect Interaction 利用高频加速度计和鼠标补偿间接交互中的端到端延迟
Pub Date : 2018-04-21 DOI: 10.1145/3173574.3174183
A. Antoine, Sylvain Malacria, Géry Casiez
End-to-end latency corresponds to the temporal difference between a user input and the corresponding output from a system. It has been shown to degrade user performance in both direct and indirect interaction. If it can be reduced to some extend, latency can also be compensated through software compensation by trying to predict the future position of the cursor based on previous positions, velocities and accelerations. In this paper, we propose a hybrid hardware and software prediction technique specifically designed for partially compensating end-to-end latency in indirect pointing. We combine a computer mouse with a high frequency accelerometer to predict the future location of the pointer using Euler based equations. Our prediction method results in more accurate prediction than previously introduced prediction algorithms for direct touch. A controlled experiment also revealed that it can improve target acquisition time in pointing tasks.
端到端延迟对应于用户输入和系统相应输出之间的时间差异。它已经被证明会在直接和间接的交互中降低用户的性能。如果可以在一定程度上减少延迟,还可以通过软件补偿,尝试根据先前的位置、速度和加速度来预测光标的未来位置,从而补偿延迟。在本文中,我们提出了一种硬件和软件混合预测技术,专门用于部分补偿间接指向中的端到端延迟。我们将电脑鼠标与高频加速度计结合起来,使用基于欧拉方程的方法来预测指针的未来位置。我们的预测方法比以前介绍的直接触摸预测算法的预测结果更准确。实验结果表明,该方法能有效地提高定向任务的目标捕获时间。
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引用次数: 10
Using Co-Design to Examine How Children Conceptualize Intelligent Interfaces 使用协同设计来研究儿童如何概念化智能界面
Pub Date : 2018-04-21 DOI: 10.1145/3173574.3174149
Julia Woodward, Zari McFadden, Nicole Shiver, Amir Ben-hayon, Jason C. Yip, Lisa Anthony
Prior work has shown that intelligent user interfaces (IUIs) that use modalities such as speech, gesture, and writing pose challenges for children due to their developing cognitive and motor skills. Research has focused on improving recognition and accuracy by accommodating children's specific interaction behaviors. Understanding children's expectations of IUIs is also important to decrease the impact of recognition errors that occur. To understand children's conceptual model of IUIs, we completed four consecutive participatory design sessions on designing IUIs with an emphasis on error detection and correction. We found that, while children think of interactive systems in terms of both user input and behavior and system output and behavior, they also propose ideas that require advanced system intelligence, e.g., context and conversation. Our work contributes new understanding of how children conceptualize IUIs and new methods for error detection and correction, and will inform the design of future IUIs for children to improve their experience.
先前的研究表明,由于儿童认知和运动技能的发展,使用语音、手势和书写等方式的智能用户界面(iui)给儿童带来了挑战。研究的重点是通过适应儿童特定的互动行为来提高识别和准确性。了解儿童对iui的期望对于减少认知错误的影响也很重要。为了了解儿童对人工智能界面的概念模型,我们连续完成了四次关于人工智能界面设计的参与式设计会议,重点是错误检测和纠正。我们发现,当孩子们从用户输入和行为以及系统输出和行为两方面考虑交互系统时,他们也会提出需要高级系统智能的想法,例如,上下文和对话。我们的工作有助于对儿童如何概念化iui以及错误检测和纠正的新方法的理解,并将为未来儿童iui的设计提供信息,以改善他们的体验。
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引用次数: 52
How Information Sharing about Care Recipients by Family Caregivers Impacts Family Communication 家庭照护者资讯分享如何影响家庭沟通
Pub Date : 2018-04-21 DOI: 10.1145/3173574.3173796
Naomi Yamashita, H. Kuzuoka, Takashi Kudo, K. Hirata, E. Aramaki, Kazuki Hattori
Previous research has shown that tracking technologies have the potential to help family caregivers optimize their coping strategies and improve their relationships with care recipients. In this paper, we explore how sharing the tracked data (i.e., caregiving journals and patient's conditions) with other family caregivers affects home care and family communication. Although previous works suggested that family caregivers may benefit from reading the records of others, sharing patients' private information might fuel negative feelings of surveillance and violation of trust for care recipients. To address this research question, we added a sharing feature to the previously developed tracking tool and deployed it for six weeks in the homes of 15 family caregivers who were caring for a depressed family member. Our findings show how the sharing feature attracted the attention of care recipients and helped the family caregivers discuss sensitive issues with care recipients.
先前的研究表明,追踪技术有可能帮助家庭照顾者优化他们的应对策略,改善他们与被照顾者的关系。在本文中,我们探讨了与其他家庭护理人员共享跟踪数据(即护理日志和患者病情)如何影响家庭护理和家庭沟通。尽管先前的研究表明,家庭照顾者可能会从阅读他人的记录中受益,但分享病人的私人信息可能会加剧对照顾者的监视和违反信任的负面感觉。为了解决这个研究问题,我们在之前开发的跟踪工具中添加了一个共享功能,并在15个照顾抑郁症家庭成员的家庭护理人员家中部署了6周。我们的研究结果表明,分享特征如何吸引照顾者的注意,并帮助家庭照顾者与照顾者讨论敏感问题。
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引用次数: 32
Improving Discoverability and Expert Performance in Force-Sensitive Text Selection for Touch Devices with Mode Gauges 改进可发现性和专家性能在力敏感文本选择触摸设备与模式计
Pub Date : 2018-04-21 DOI: 10.1145/3173574.3174051
Alix Goguey, Sylvain Malacria, C. Gutwin
Text selection on touch devices can be a difficult task for users. Letters and words are often too small to select directly, and the enhanced interaction techniques provided by the OS -- magnifiers, selection handles, and methods for selecting at the character, word, or sentence level -- often lead to as many usability problems as they solve. The introduction of force-sensitive touchscreens has added another enhancement to text selection (using force for different selection modes); however, these modes are difficult to discover and many users continue to struggle with accurate selection. In this paper we report on an investigation of the design of touch-based and force-based text selection mechanisms, and describe two novel text-selection techniques that provide improved discoverability, enhanced visual feedback, and a higher performance ceiling for experienced users. Two evaluations show that one design successfully combined support for novices and experts, was never worse than the standard iOS technique, and was preferred by participants.
触摸设备上的文本选择对用户来说是一项困难的任务。字母和单词通常太小,无法直接选择,而操作系统提供的增强交互技术——放大器、选择句柄和用于在字符、单词或句子级别进行选择的方法——通常会导致与它们解决的一样多的可用性问题。力敏触摸屏的引入为文本选择添加了另一项增强功能(对不同的选择模式使用力);然而,这些模式很难发现,许多用户仍然在为准确的选择而挣扎。在本文中,我们报告了基于触摸和基于力的文本选择机制的设计调查,并描述了两种新的文本选择技术,它们提供了更好的可发现性,增强的视觉反馈,并为经验丰富的用户提供了更高的性能上限。两项评估表明,其中一项设计成功地结合了对新手和专家的支持,并不比标准的iOS技术差,并且受到参与者的青睐。
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引用次数: 29
Regulating Feelings During Interpersonal Conflicts by Changing Voice Self-perception 通过改变声音自我知觉调节人际冲突中的情绪
Pub Date : 2018-04-21 DOI: 10.1145/3173574.3174205
J. Costa, Malte F. Jung, M. Czerwinski, François Guimbretière, T. Le, Tanzeem Choudhury
Emotions play a major role in how interpersonal conflicts unfold. Although several strategies and technological approaches have been proposed for emotion regulation, they often require conscious attention and effort. This often limits their efficacy in practice. In this paper, we propose a different approach inspired by self-perception theory: noticing that people are often reacting to the perception of their own behavior, we artificially change their perceptions to influence their emotions. We conducted two studies to evaluate the potential of this approach by automatically and subtly altering how people perceive their own voice. In one study, participants that received voice feedback with a calmer tone during relationship conflicts felt less anxious. In the other study, participants who listened to their own voices with a lower pitch during contentious debates felt more powerful. We discuss the implications of our findings and the opportunities for designing automatic and less perceptible emotion regulation systems.
情绪在人际冲突中扮演着重要的角色。虽然已经提出了几种情绪调节的策略和技术方法,但它们通常需要有意识的关注和努力。这往往限制了它们在实践中的效力。在本文中,受自我感知理论的启发,我们提出了一种不同的方法:注意到人们经常对自己行为的感知做出反应,我们人为地改变他们的感知来影响他们的情绪。我们进行了两项研究,通过自动和微妙地改变人们对自己声音的感知来评估这种方法的潜力。在一项研究中,在关系冲突中收到语气平静的语音反馈的参与者感到不那么焦虑。在另一项研究中,在激烈的辩论中听到自己声音的参与者感觉更有力量。我们讨论了我们的发现的意义和机会,设计自动和不易察觉的情绪调节系统。
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引用次数: 37
The Benefits and Challenges of Video Calling for Emergency Situations 紧急情况下视频通话的好处和挑战
Pub Date : 2018-04-21 DOI: 10.1145/3173574.3174231
Carman Neustaedter, Brennan Jones, Kenton O'hara, A. Sellen
In the coming years, emergency calling services in North America will begin to incorporate new modalities for reporting emergencies, including video-based calling. The challenge is that we know little of how video calling systems should be designed and what benefits or challenges video calling might bring. We conducted observations and contextual interviews within three emergency response call centres to investigate these points. We focused on the work practices of call takers and dispatchers. Results show that video calls could provide valuable contextual information about a situation and help to overcome call taker challenges with information ambiguity, location, deceit, and communication issues. Yet video calls have the potential to introduce issues around control, information overload, and privacy if systems are not designed well. These results point to the need to think about emergency video calling along a continuum of visual modalities ranging from audio calls accompanied with images or video clips to one-way video streams to two-way video streams where camera control and camera work need to be carefully designed.
在未来几年中,北美的紧急呼叫服务将开始纳入报告紧急情况的新模式,包括基于视频的呼叫。挑战在于,我们对视频通话系统应该如何设计以及视频通话可能带来的好处或挑战知之甚少。我们在三个紧急响应呼叫中心进行了观察和背景访谈,以调查这些问题。我们关注的是接线员和调度员的工作实践。结果表明,视频通话可以提供有价值的情境信息,并有助于克服信息模糊、位置、欺骗和沟通问题。然而,如果系统设计得不好,视频通话有可能带来控制、信息过载和隐私方面的问题。这些结果表明,需要考虑沿着连续的视觉模式进行紧急视频呼叫,从带有图像或视频剪辑的音频呼叫到单向视频流到双向视频流,其中需要仔细设计摄像机控制和摄像机工作。
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引用次数: 15
Rewire: Interface Design Assistance from Examples 重新布线:界面设计辅助的例子
Pub Date : 2018-04-21 DOI: 10.1145/3173574.3174078
Amanda Swearngin, Mira Dontcheva, Wilmot Li, Joel Brandt, M. Dixon, Amy J. Ko
Interface designers often use screenshot images of example designs as building blocks for new designs. Since images are unstructured and hard to edit, designers typically reconstruct screenshots with vector graphics tools in order to reuse or edit parts of the design. Unfortunately, this reconstruction process is tedious and slow. We present Rewire, an interactive system that helps designers leverage example screenshots. Rewire automatically infers a vector representation of screenshots where each UI component is a separate object with editable shape and style properties. Based on this representation, the system provides three design assistance modes that help designers reuse or redraw components of the example design. The results from our quantitative and user evaluations demonstrate that Rewire can generate accurate vector representations of interface screenshots found in the wild and that design assistance enables users to reconstruct and edit example designs more efficiently compared to a baseline design tool.
界面设计师经常使用示例设计的截图图像作为新设计的构建块。由于图像是非结构化的,难以编辑,设计师通常使用矢量图形工具重建截图,以便重用或编辑部分设计。不幸的是,这种重建过程冗长而缓慢。我们介绍Rewire,这是一个交互式系统,可以帮助设计师利用示例截图。Rewire自动推断出屏幕截图的矢量表示,其中每个UI组件都是具有可编辑形状和样式属性的单独对象。基于这种表示,系统提供了三种设计辅助模式,帮助设计人员重用或重新绘制示例设计的组件。我们的定量和用户评估的结果表明,Rewire可以生成在野外发现的界面截图的准确矢量表示,与基线设计工具相比,设计辅助使用户能够更有效地重建和编辑示例设计。
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引用次数: 51
Communicating Awareness and Intent in Autonomous Vehicle-Pedestrian Interaction 自动驾驶车辆-行人交互中的意识和意图交流
Pub Date : 2018-04-21 DOI: 10.1145/3173574.3174003
Karthik Mahadevan, Sowmya Somanath, E. Sharlin
Drivers use nonverbal cues such as vehicle speed, eye gaze, and hand gestures to communicate awareness and intent to pedestrians. Conversely, in autonomous vehicles, drivers can be distracted or absent, leaving pedestrians to infer awareness and intent from the vehicle alone. In this paper, we investigate the usefulness of interfaces (beyond vehicle movement) that explicitly communicate awareness and intent of autonomous vehicles to pedestrians, focusing on crosswalk scenarios. We conducted a preliminary study to gain insight on designing interfaces that communicate autonomous vehicle awareness and intent to pedestrians. Based on study outcomes, we developed four prototype interfaces and deployed them in studies involving a Segway and a car. We found interfaces communicating vehicle awareness and intent: (1) can help pedestrians attempting to cross; (2) are not limited to the vehicle and can exist in the environment; and (3) should use a combination of modalities such as visual, auditory, and physical.
司机使用非语言线索,如车速、目光和手势来向行人传达意识和意图。相反,在自动驾驶汽车中,司机可能会分心或缺席,让行人只能从车辆中推断意识和意图。在本文中,我们研究了接口的有用性(超越车辆运动),这些接口明确地将自动驾驶汽车的意识和意图传达给行人,重点是人行横道场景。我们进行了一项初步研究,以深入了解如何设计将自动驾驶汽车的意识和意图传达给行人的界面。根据研究结果,我们开发了四个原型接口,并将它们应用到涉及赛格威和汽车的研究中。我们发现传达车辆感知和意图的接口:(1)可以帮助行人试图过马路;(2)不局限于车辆而能存在于环境中;(3)应结合使用视觉、听觉和身体等方式。
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引用次数: 253
Make Yourself at Phone: Reimagining Mobile Interaction Architectures With Emergent Users 让自己置身于手机:与紧急用户重新构想移动交互架构
Pub Date : 2018-04-21 DOI: 10.1145/3173574.3173981
Simon Robinson, Jennifer Pearson, Thomas Reitmaier, Shashank Ahire, Matt Jones
We present APPropriate -- a novel mobile design to allow users to temporarily annex any Android device for their own use. APPropriate is a small, cheap storage pod, designed to be easily carried in a pocket or hidden within clothing. Its purpose is simple: to hold a copy of the local content an owner has on their mobile, liberating them from carrying a phone, or allowing them to use another device that provides advantages over their own. Picking up another device when carrying APPropriate transfers all pertinent content to the borrowed device (using local no-cost WiFi from the APPropriate device), transforming it to give the impression that they are using their own phone. While APPropriate is useful for a wide range of contexts, the design was envisaged through a co-design process with resource-constrained emergent users in three countries. Lab studies and a subsequent deployment on participants' own devices identified key benefits of the approach in these contexts, including for security, resource sharing, and privacy.
我们提出了适当——一种新颖的移动设计,允许用户临时附件任何Android设备供自己使用。合适的是一个小而便宜的储物舱,设计成可以方便地放在口袋里或藏在衣服里。它的目的很简单:让用户在手机上保存本地内容的副本,从而将他们从携带手机中解放出来,或者允许他们使用其他比自己手机更有优势的设备。当携带适当设备时,拿起另一个设备将所有相关内容转移到借来的设备上(使用适当设备的本地免费WiFi),将其转换为使用自己手机的印象。虽然“适当”适用于广泛的环境,但该设计是通过与三个国家资源有限的紧急用户共同设计的过程设想的。实验室研究和随后在参与者自己设备上的部署确定了该方法在这些情况下的主要好处,包括安全性、资源共享和隐私。
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引用次数: 6
This Changes Sustainable HCI 这改变了可持续的HCI
Pub Date : 2018-04-21 DOI: 10.1145/3173574.3174045
Bran Knowles, Oliver Bates, M. Håkansson
More than a decade into Sustainable HCI (SHCI) research, the community is still struggling to converge on a shared understanding of sustainability and HCI's role in addressing it. We think this is largely a positive sign, reflective of maturity; yet, lacking a clear set of aims and metrics for sustainability continues to be the community's impediment to progressing, hence we seek to articulate a vision around which the community can productively coalesce. Drawing from recent SHCI publications, we identify commonalities that might form the basis of a shared understanding, and we show that this understanding closely aligns with the authoritative conception of a path to a sustainable future proffered by Naomi Klein in her book emphThis Changes Everything. We elaborate a set of contributions that SHCI is already making that can be unified under Klein's narrative, and compare these categories of work to those found in past surveys of the field as evidence of substantive progress in SHCI.
可持续HCI (SHCI)的研究已经进行了十多年,但业界仍在努力就可持续发展和HCI在解决这一问题中的作用达成共识。我们认为这在很大程度上是一个积极的迹象,反映了成熟;然而,缺乏一套清晰的可持续发展目标和衡量标准仍然是社会进步的障碍,因此,我们寻求阐明一个愿景,使社会能够有效地凝聚在一起。从最近的SHCI出版物中,我们发现了可能形成共同理解基础的共性,并且我们表明,这种理解与Naomi Klein在她的书《this Changes Everything》中提出的通往可持续未来之路的权威概念密切相关。我们详细阐述了SHCI已经做出的一系列贡献,这些贡献可以统一在Klein的叙述下,并将这些工作类别与过去对该领域的调查中发现的工作类别进行比较,作为SHCI实质性进展的证据。
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引用次数: 91
期刊
Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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