Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l032066
M. C. Chirita Mihaila, G. L. Szabo, A. Redl, M. Goldberger, A. Niggas, R. A. Wilhelm
We present an efficient method to produce laser-triggered proton pulses well below 500 ps pulse width at keV energies. We use femtosecond photoelectron pulses emitted from a cathode to enable ultrafast electron-stimulated desorption of adsorbates on a stainless steel plate under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. While direct photoionization of atoms to form well-timed ion pulses can suffer from a laser-focus-limited large starting volume, in our method the two-dimensional starting plane of the ions is defined with nanometer precision at a solid surface. We clearly outline how the method could be used in the future to efficiently produce ion beam pulses in the (sub)picosecond range for pump-probe experiments with ions.
{"title":"Generation of ultrashort ion pulses from ultrafast electron-stimulated desorption","authors":"M. C. Chirita Mihaila, G. L. Szabo, A. Redl, M. Goldberger, A. Niggas, R. A. Wilhelm","doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l032066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l032066","url":null,"abstract":"We present an efficient method to produce laser-triggered proton pulses well below 500 ps pulse width at keV energies. We use femtosecond photoelectron pulses emitted from a cathode to enable ultrafast electron-stimulated desorption of adsorbates on a stainless steel plate under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. While direct photoionization of atoms to form well-timed ion pulses can suffer from a laser-focus-limited large starting volume, in our method the two-dimensional starting plane of the ions is defined with nanometer precision at a solid surface. We clearly outline how the method could be used in the future to efficiently produce ion beam pulses in the (sub)picosecond range for pump-probe experiments with ions.","PeriodicalId":20546,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Research","volume":"194 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033298
R. Fickler, L. Kopf, M. Ornigotti
Light with a complex structure has become a powerful tool in many studies in classical and quantum optics. Here, we introduce a visual representation of light that is structured simultaneously in space, frequency, and polarization in the form of a higher-order Poincaré sphere and describe interesting links to its fundamental counterpart. We leverage the description to show and experimentally generate light possessing all possible polarization states across its spatiospectral shape, which we term spatiospectral Poincaré beams. By extending the powerful description of higher-order Poincaré spheres to the spatiospectral domain, our work will help to gain a deeper understanding and to develop beneficial applications of structured light.
{"title":"Higher-order Poincaré spheres and spatiospectral Poincaré beams","authors":"R. Fickler, L. Kopf, M. Ornigotti","doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033298","url":null,"abstract":"Light with a complex structure has become a powerful tool in many studies in classical and quantum optics. Here, we introduce a visual representation of light that is structured simultaneously in space, frequency, and polarization in the form of a higher-order Poincaré sphere and describe interesting links to its fundamental counterpart. We leverage the description to show and experimentally generate light possessing all possible polarization states across its spatiospectral shape, which we term spatiospectral Poincaré beams. By extending the powerful description of higher-order Poincaré spheres to the spatiospectral domain, our work will help to gain a deeper understanding and to develop beneficial applications of structured light.","PeriodicalId":20546,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Research","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.6.038001
Dowook Kim, So Young Kim, Jun Sung Kim, Arthur P. Baddorf, An-Ping Li, Tae-Hwan Kim
In this study, we investigate the discrepancy between the estimate of Q. He et al. [Phys. Rev. Res.3, L032074 (2021)], who observed a remarkable collapse of the exciton gap in due to the electrostatic field between the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip and the sample, and that of a recent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy investigation [C. Chen et al., Phys. Rev. Res.5, 043089 (2023)]. It is proposed that a critical factor contributing to this discrepancy is due to He et al.'s assumption of a constant work function of the STM tip. This assumption led to an underestimation of the tip-induced electric field. Using a literature value for the sample work function, a more substantial electric field strength is obtained, which resolves the apparent conflict between the doping estimates of these two techniques. Furthermore, our findings highlight the importance of the STM tip condition, which can significantly impact the tip work function and, consequently, influence the doping estimation in experiments involving tip-induced electric fields.
{"title":"Comment on “Tunneling-tip-induced collapse of the charge gap in the excitonic insulator Ta2NiSe5”","authors":"Dowook Kim, So Young Kim, Jun Sung Kim, Arthur P. Baddorf, An-Ping Li, Tae-Hwan Kim","doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.038001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.038001","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we investigate the discrepancy between the estimate of Q. He <i>et al.</i> [<span>Phys. Rev. Res.</span> <b>3</b>, L032074 (2021)], who observed a remarkable collapse of the exciton gap in <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow><msub><mi>Ta</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>NiSe</mi><mn>5</mn></msub></mrow></math> due to the electrostatic field between the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip and the sample, and that of a recent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy investigation [C. Chen <i>et al.</i>, <span>Phys. Rev. Res.</span> <b>5</b>, 043089 (2023)]. It is proposed that a critical factor contributing to this discrepancy is due to He <i>et al.</i>'s assumption of a constant work function of the STM tip. This assumption led to an underestimation of the tip-induced electric field. Using a literature value for the sample work function, a more substantial electric field strength is obtained, which resolves the apparent conflict between the doping estimates of these two techniques. Furthermore, our findings highlight the importance of the STM tip condition, which can significantly impact the tip work function and, consequently, influence the doping estimation in experiments involving tip-induced electric fields.","PeriodicalId":20546,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Research","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033306
Tobias Schmale, Hendrik Weimer
Simulations of lattice gauge theories on noisy quantum hardware inherently suffer from violations of the gauge symmetry due to coherent and incoherent errors of the underlying physical system that implements the simulation. These gauge violations cause the simulations to become unphysical requiring the result of the simulation to be discarded. We investigate an active correction scheme that relies on detecting gauge violations locally and subsequently correcting them by dissipatively driving the system back into the physical gauge sector. We show that the correction scheme not only ensures the protection of the gauge symmetry, but it also leads to a longer validity of the simulation results even within the gauge-invariant sector. Finally, we discuss further applications of the scheme such as preparation of the many-body ground state of the simulated system.
{"title":"Stabilizing quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories by dissipation","authors":"Tobias Schmale, Hendrik Weimer","doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033306","url":null,"abstract":"Simulations of lattice gauge theories on noisy quantum hardware inherently suffer from violations of the gauge symmetry due to coherent and incoherent errors of the underlying physical system that implements the simulation. These gauge violations cause the simulations to become unphysical requiring the result of the simulation to be discarded. We investigate an active correction scheme that relies on detecting gauge violations locally and subsequently correcting them by dissipatively driving the system back into the physical gauge sector. We show that the correction scheme not only ensures the protection of the gauge symmetry, but it also leads to a longer validity of the simulation results even within the gauge-invariant sector. Finally, we discuss further applications of the scheme such as preparation of the many-body ground state of the simulated system.","PeriodicalId":20546,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Research","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033302
Pradip Laha, P. A. Ameen Yasir, Peter van Loock
Harnessing entanglement and quantum coherence plays a central role in advancing quantum technologies. In quantum optical light-atom platforms, these two fundamental resources are often associated with a Jaynes-Cummings model description describing the coherent exchange of a photon between an optical resonator mode and a two-level spin. In a generic nonlinear spin-boson system, more photons and more modes will take part in the interactions. Here we consider such a generalization: the two-mode multiphoton Jaynes-Cummings (MPJC) model. We demonstrate how entanglement and quantum coherence can be optimally generated and subsequently manipulated in experimentally accessible parameter regimes. A detailed comparative analysis of this model reveals that nonlinearities within the MPJC interactions produce genuinely non-Gaussian entanglement, devoid of Gaussian contributions, from noisy resources. More specifically, strong coherent sources may be replaced by weaker, incoherent ones, significantly reducing the resource overhead, though at the expense of reduced efficiency. At the same time, increasing the multiphoton order of the MPJC interactions expedites the entanglement generation process, thus rendering the whole generation scheme again more efficient and robust. We further explore the use of additional dispersive spin-boson interactions and Kerr nonlinearities in order to create spin coherence solely from incoherent sources and to enhance the quantum correlations, respectively. As for the latter, somewhat unexpectedly, there is not necessarily an increase in quantum correlations due to the augmented nonlinearity. Towards possible applications of the MPJC model, we show how, with appropriately chosen experimental parameters, we can engineer arbitrary NOON states as well as the tripartite W state.
利用纠缠和量子相干在推动量子技术发展方面发挥着核心作用。在量子光学光原子平台中，这两种基本资源通常与杰尼斯-康明斯模型描述相关联，该模型描述了光子在光学谐振器模式和两级自旋之间的相干交换。在一般的非线性自旋玻色子系统中，会有更多的光子和更多的模式参与相互作用。在此，我们考虑了这样一种概括：双模多光子杰恩斯-康明斯（MPJC）模型。我们展示了如何以最佳方式产生纠缠和量子相干，并随后在实验可及的参数区进行操纵。对这一模型的详细比较分析表明，MPJC 相互作用中的非线性会从嘈杂的资源中产生真正的非高斯纠缠，没有高斯贡献。更具体地说，强相干源可能会被较弱的非相干源取代，从而显著降低资源开销，但代价是效率降低。同时，增加 MPJC 相互作用的多光子阶数可加快纠缠生成过程，从而使整个生成方案更加高效和稳健。我们进一步探索了额外的色散自旋玻色子相互作用和克尔非线性的使用，以分别从非相干源产生自旋相干性和增强量子相关性。至于后者，有点出乎意料的是，量子相关性并不一定会因为增强的非线性而增加。针对 MPJC 模型的可能应用，我们展示了如何通过适当选择实验参数，设计出任意的 NOON 状态以及三方 W 状态。
{"title":"Genuine non-Gaussian entanglement of light and quantum coherence for an atom from noisy multiphoton spin-boson interactions","authors":"Pradip Laha, P. A. Ameen Yasir, Peter van Loock","doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033302","url":null,"abstract":"Harnessing entanglement and quantum coherence plays a central role in advancing quantum technologies. In quantum optical light-atom platforms, these two fundamental resources are often associated with a Jaynes-Cummings model description describing the coherent exchange of a photon between an optical resonator mode and a two-level spin. In a generic nonlinear spin-boson system, more photons and more modes will take part in the interactions. Here we consider such a generalization: the two-mode multiphoton Jaynes-Cummings (MPJC) model. We demonstrate how entanglement and quantum coherence can be optimally generated and subsequently manipulated in experimentally accessible parameter regimes. A detailed comparative analysis of this model reveals that nonlinearities within the MPJC interactions produce genuinely non-Gaussian entanglement, devoid of Gaussian contributions, from noisy resources. More specifically, strong coherent sources may be replaced by weaker, incoherent ones, significantly reducing the resource overhead, though at the expense of reduced efficiency. At the same time, increasing the multiphoton order of the MPJC interactions expedites the entanglement generation process, thus rendering the whole generation scheme again more efficient and robust. We further explore the use of additional dispersive spin-boson interactions and Kerr nonlinearities in order to create spin coherence solely from incoherent sources and to enhance the quantum correlations, respectively. As for the latter, somewhat unexpectedly, there is not necessarily an increase in quantum correlations due to the augmented nonlinearity. Towards possible applications of the MPJC model, we show how, with appropriately chosen experimental parameters, we can engineer arbitrary NOON states as well as the tripartite W state.","PeriodicalId":20546,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Research","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033304
Takuya Kobayashi, John J. Molina, Ryoichi Yamamoto
Microswimmers often use chirality to generate translational movement from rotation motion, exhibiting distinct behaviors in complex fluids compared to simple Newtonian fluids. However, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. In this study, we elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying the distinct behaviors of microswimmers in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. We show that the enhanced speed of chiral swimmers is attributed to the Weissenberg effect induced by normal stress differences resulting from chiral flows. Additionally, we identify swimmer-specific normal stress differences in a viscoelastic fluid and demonstrate that swimming speed varies depending on whether the swimmer acts as a pusher or a puller. Moreover, we investigate the hydrodynamic interactions between a pair of chiral squirmers. When the squirmers are aligned parallel (perpendicular) to their swimming axis, they tend to separate (approach). These findings deepen our comprehension of the rheological properties of viscoelastic fluids containing microswimmers, promising advancements in various applications.
{"title":"Propulsion of a chiral swimmer in viscoelastic fluids","authors":"Takuya Kobayashi, John J. Molina, Ryoichi Yamamoto","doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033304","url":null,"abstract":"Microswimmers often use chirality to generate translational movement from rotation motion, exhibiting distinct behaviors in complex fluids compared to simple Newtonian fluids. However, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. In this study, we elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying the distinct behaviors of microswimmers in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. We show that the enhanced speed of chiral swimmers is attributed to the Weissenberg effect induced by normal stress differences resulting from chiral flows. Additionally, we identify swimmer-specific normal stress differences in a viscoelastic fluid and demonstrate that swimming speed varies depending on whether the swimmer acts as a pusher or a puller. Moreover, we investigate the hydrodynamic interactions between a pair of chiral squirmers. When the squirmers are aligned parallel (perpendicular) to their swimming axis, they tend to separate (approach). These findings deepen our comprehension of the rheological properties of viscoelastic fluids containing microswimmers, promising advancements in various applications.","PeriodicalId":20546,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Research","volume":"2673 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-16DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033300
David A. Kessler, Herbert Levine
Adaptive immune systems engage in an arms race with evolving viruses, trying to generate new responses to viral strains that continually move away from the set of genetically varying strains that have already elicited a functional immune response. It has been argued that this dynamical process can lead to a propagating pulse of an ever-changing viral population and concomitant immune response. Here, we introduce a new stochastic model of viral-host coevolution, taking into account finite-sized host populations and varying processes of immune “forgetting”. Using both stochastic and deterministic calculations, we show that there is indeed a possible pulse solution, but for a large host population size and for finite memory capacity, the pulse becomes unstable to the generation of new infections in its wake. This instability leads to an extended endemic infection pattern, demonstrating that the population-level behavior of virus infections can exhibit a wider range of behavior than had been previously realized.
{"title":"Pulse instabilities can shape virus-immune coevolution","authors":"David A. Kessler, Herbert Levine","doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033300","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive immune systems engage in an arms race with evolving viruses, trying to generate new responses to viral strains that continually move away from the set of genetically varying strains that have already elicited a functional immune response. It has been argued that this dynamical process can lead to a propagating pulse of an ever-changing viral population and concomitant immune response. Here, we introduce a new stochastic model of viral-host coevolution, taking into account finite-sized host populations and varying processes of immune “forgetting”. Using both stochastic and deterministic calculations, we show that there is indeed a possible pulse solution, but for a large host population size and for finite memory capacity, the pulse becomes unstable to the generation of new infections in its wake. This instability leads to an extended endemic infection pattern, demonstrating that the population-level behavior of virus infections can exhibit a wider range of behavior than had been previously realized.","PeriodicalId":20546,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Research","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l032064
Xin-Hai Tong, Yao Wang
The equipartition theorem is crucial in classical statistical physics, and recent studies have revealed its quantum counterpart for specific systems. This raises the question: does a quantum counterpart of the equipartition theorem exist for any given system, and if so, what is its concrete form? In this Letter, we employ the Möbius inversion approach to address these questions, providing a criterion to determine whether a system adheres to the quantum counterpart of the equipartition theorem. If it does, the corresponding distribution function can be readily derived. Furthermore, we construct the fermionic version of the criterion in a manner analogous to the bosonic case.
{"title":"Quantum counterpart of equipartition theorem: A Möbius inversion approach","authors":"Xin-Hai Tong, Yao Wang","doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l032064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.l032064","url":null,"abstract":"The equipartition theorem is crucial in classical statistical physics, and recent studies have revealed its quantum counterpart for specific systems. This raises the question: does a quantum counterpart of the equipartition theorem exist for any given system, and if so, what is its concrete form? In this Letter, we employ the Möbius inversion approach to address these questions, providing a criterion to determine whether a system adheres to the quantum counterpart of the equipartition theorem. If it does, the corresponding distribution function can be readily derived. Furthermore, we construct the fermionic version of the criterion in a manner analogous to the bosonic case.","PeriodicalId":20546,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Research","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142211065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033293
D. Burba, H. Dunikowski, M. Robert-de-Saint-Vincent, E. Witkowska, G. Juzeliūnas
Ultracold fermionic atoms, having two valence electrons, exhibit a distinctive internal state structure, wherein the nuclear spin becomes decoupled from the electronic degrees of freedom in the ground electronic state. Consequently, the nuclear spin states are well isolated from the environment, rendering these atomic systems an opportune platform for quantum computation and quantum simulations. Coupling with off-resonance light is an essential tool to selectively and coherently manipulate the nuclear spin states. In this paper, we present a systematic derivation of the effective Hamiltonian for the nuclear spin states of ultracold fermionic atoms due to such an off-resonance light. We obtain compact expressions for the scalar, vector, and tensor light shifts taking into account both linear and quadratic contributions to the hyperfine splitting. The analysis has been carried out using the Green operator approach and solving the corresponding Dyson equation. Finally, we analyze different scenarios of light configurations which lead to the vector- and tensor-light shifts, as well as the pure spin-orbit coupling for the nuclear spin.
{"title":"Effective light-induced Hamiltonian for atoms with large nuclear spin","authors":"D. Burba, H. Dunikowski, M. Robert-de-Saint-Vincent, E. Witkowska, G. Juzeliūnas","doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033293","url":null,"abstract":"Ultracold fermionic atoms, having two valence electrons, exhibit a distinctive internal state structure, wherein the nuclear spin becomes decoupled from the electronic degrees of freedom in the ground electronic state. Consequently, the nuclear spin states are well isolated from the environment, rendering these atomic systems an opportune platform for quantum computation and quantum simulations. Coupling with off-resonance light is an essential tool to selectively and coherently manipulate the nuclear spin states. In this paper, we present a systematic derivation of the effective Hamiltonian for the nuclear spin states of ultracold fermionic atoms due to such an off-resonance light. We obtain compact expressions for the scalar, vector, and tensor light shifts taking into account both linear and quadratic contributions to the hyperfine splitting. The analysis has been carried out using the Green operator approach and solving the corresponding Dyson equation. Finally, we analyze different scenarios of light configurations which lead to the vector- and tensor-light shifts, as well as the pure spin-orbit coupling for the nuclear spin.","PeriodicalId":20546,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142248871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-13DOI: 10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033294
Guillermo F. Peñas, Ricardo Puebla, Juan José García-Ripoll
In this article, we consider a realistic waveguide implementation of a quantum network that serves as a testbed to show how to maximize the storage and manipulation of quantum information in QED setups. We analyze two approaches using wavepacket engineering and quantum state transfer protocols. First, we propose and design a family of orthogonal photons in the time domain. These photons allow for a selective interaction with distinct targeted qubits. Yet, mode multiplexing employing resonant nodes is largely spoiled by cross-talk effects. This motivates the second approach, namely, frequency multiplexing. Here we explore the limits of frequency multiplexing through the waveguide, analyzing its capabilities to host and faithfully transmit photons of different frequencies within a given bandwidth. We perform detailed one- and two-photon simulations and provide theoretical bounds for the fidelity of coherent quantum state transfer protocols under realistic conditions. Our results show that state-of-the-art experiments can employ dozens of multiplexed photons with global fidelities fulfilling the requirements imposed by fault-tolerant quantum computing. This is with the caveat that the conditions for single-photon fidelity are met.
在这篇文章中，我们考虑了量子网络的现实波导实现，将其作为一个测试平台，展示如何在 QED 设置中最大限度地存储和操纵量子信息。我们分析了使用波包工程和量子态传输协议的两种方法。首先，我们提出并设计了一系列时域正交光子。这些光子可以与不同的目标量子比特进行选择性交互。然而，采用谐振节点的模式复用在很大程度上会受到串扰效应的破坏。这就促使我们采用第二种方法，即频率复用。在这里，我们通过波导探索频率复用的极限，分析其在给定带宽内承载和忠实传输不同频率光子的能力。我们进行了详细的单光子和双光子模拟，并提供了现实条件下相干量子态传输协议保真度的理论界限。我们的结果表明，最先进的实验可以使用数十个多路复用光子，其全局保真度可以满足容错量子计算的要求。但前提是必须满足单光子保真度的条件。
{"title":"Multiplexed quantum state transfer in waveguides","authors":"Guillermo F. Peñas, Ricardo Puebla, Juan José García-Ripoll","doi":"10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.033294","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we consider a realistic waveguide implementation of a quantum network that serves as a testbed to show how to maximize the storage and manipulation of quantum information in QED setups. We analyze two approaches using wavepacket engineering and quantum state transfer protocols. First, we propose and design a family of orthogonal photons in the time domain. These photons allow for a selective interaction with distinct targeted qubits. Yet, mode multiplexing employing resonant nodes is largely spoiled by cross-talk effects. This motivates the second approach, namely, frequency multiplexing. Here we explore the limits of frequency multiplexing through the waveguide, analyzing its capabilities to host and faithfully transmit photons of different frequencies within a given bandwidth. We perform detailed one- and two-photon simulations and provide theoretical bounds for the fidelity of coherent quantum state transfer protocols under realistic conditions. Our results show that state-of-the-art experiments can employ dozens of multiplexed photons with global fidelities fulfilling the requirements imposed by fault-tolerant quantum computing. This is with the caveat that the conditions for single-photon fidelity are met.","PeriodicalId":20546,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review Research","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142211064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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