首页 > 最新文献

Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies最新文献

英文 中文
sUrban 城市
Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1145/3610877
Qianru Wang, Bin Guo, Lu Cheng, Zhiwen Yu
Recent machine learning research on smart cities has achieved great success in predicting future trends, under the key assumption that the test data follows the same distribution of the training data. The rapid urbanization, however, makes this assumption challenging to hold in practice. Because new data is emerging from new environments (e.g., an emerging city or region), which may follow different distributions from data in existing environments. Different from transfer-learning methods accessing target data during training, we often do not have any prior knowledge about the new environment. Therefore, it is critical to explore a predictive model that can be effectively adapted to unseen new environments. This work aims to address this Out-of-Distribution (OOD) challenge for sustainable cities. We propose to identify two kinds of features that are useful for OOD prediction in each environment: (1) the environment-invariant features to capture the shared commonalities for predictions across different environments; and (2) the environment-aware features to characterize the unique information of each environment. Take bike riding as an example. The bike demands of different cities often follow the same pattern that they significantly increase during the rush hour on workdays. Meanwhile, there are also some local patterns in each city because of different cultures and citizens' travel preferences. We introduce a principled framework -- sUrban -- that consists of an environment-invariant optimization module for learning invariant representation and an environment-aware optimization module for learning environment-aware representation. Evaluation on real-world datasets from various urban application domains corroborates the generalizability of sUrban. This work opens up new avenues to smart city development.
最近关于智慧城市的机器学习研究在预测未来趋势方面取得了巨大成功,关键假设是测试数据遵循与训练数据相同的分布。然而,快速的城市化使这一假设在实践中难以维持。因为新数据来自新环境(例如,新兴城市或地区),可能遵循与现有环境中的数据不同的分布。与迁移学习方法在训练过程中访问目标数据不同,我们通常对新环境没有任何先验知识。因此,探索一种能够有效适应未知新环境的预测模型至关重要。这项工作旨在解决可持续城市面临的这种分布不足(OOD)的挑战。我们建议确定两种对每种环境下的OOD预测有用的特征:(1)环境不变特征,用于捕获不同环境下预测的共同共性;(2)环境感知特征,表征每个环境的独特信息。以骑自行车为例。不同城市的自行车需求往往遵循相同的模式,即在工作日的高峰时段大幅增加。同时,由于不同的文化和市民的旅游偏好,每个城市也有一些当地的模式。我们引入了一个原则性框架——urban——它由一个用于学习不变表示的环境不变优化模块和一个用于学习环境感知表示的环境感知优化模块组成。对来自不同城市应用领域的真实数据集的评估证实了urban的普遍性。这项工作为智慧城市的发展开辟了新的途径。
{"title":"sUrban","authors":"Qianru Wang, Bin Guo, Lu Cheng, Zhiwen Yu","doi":"10.1145/3610877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610877","url":null,"abstract":"Recent machine learning research on smart cities has achieved great success in predicting future trends, under the key assumption that the test data follows the same distribution of the training data. The rapid urbanization, however, makes this assumption challenging to hold in practice. Because new data is emerging from new environments (e.g., an emerging city or region), which may follow different distributions from data in existing environments. Different from transfer-learning methods accessing target data during training, we often do not have any prior knowledge about the new environment. Therefore, it is critical to explore a predictive model that can be effectively adapted to unseen new environments. This work aims to address this Out-of-Distribution (OOD) challenge for sustainable cities. We propose to identify two kinds of features that are useful for OOD prediction in each environment: (1) the environment-invariant features to capture the shared commonalities for predictions across different environments; and (2) the environment-aware features to characterize the unique information of each environment. Take bike riding as an example. The bike demands of different cities often follow the same pattern that they significantly increase during the rush hour on workdays. Meanwhile, there are also some local patterns in each city because of different cultures and citizens' travel preferences. We introduce a principled framework -- sUrban -- that consists of an environment-invariant optimization module for learning invariant representation and an environment-aware optimization module for learning environment-aware representation. Evaluation on real-world datasets from various urban application domains corroborates the generalizability of sUrban. This work opens up new avenues to smart city development.","PeriodicalId":20553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Knowing Your Heart Condition Anytime 随时了解你的心脏状况
Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1145/3610871
Lei Wang, Xingwei Wang, Dalin Zhang, Xiaolei Ma, Yong Zhang, Haipeng Dai, Chenren Xu, Zhijun Li, Tao Gu
Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring has been widely explored in detecting and diagnosing cardiovascular diseases due to its accuracy, simplicity, and sensitivity. However, medical- or commercial-grade ECG monitoring devices can be costly for people who want to monitor their ECG on a daily basis. These devices typically require several electrodes to be attached to the human body which is inconvenient for continuous monitoring. To enable low-cost measurement of ECG signals with off-the-shelf devices on a daily basis, in this paper, we propose a novel ECG sensing system that uses acceleration data collected from a smartphone. Our system offers several advantages over previous systems, including low cost, ease of use, location and user independence, and high accuracy. We design a two-tiered denoising process, comprising SWT and Soft-Thresholding, to effectively eliminate interference caused by respiration, body, and hand movements. Finally, we develop a multi-level deep learning recovery model to achieve efficient, real-time and user-independent ECG measurement on commercial mobile phones. We conduct extensive experiments with 30 participants (with nearly 36,000 heartbeat samples) under a user-independent scenario. The average errors of the PR interval, QRS interval, QT interval, and RR interval are 12.02 ms, 16.9 ms, 16.64 ms, and 1.84 ms, respectively. As a case study, we also demonstrate the strong capability of our system in signal recovery for patients with common heart diseases, including tachycardia, bradycardia, arrhythmia, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction.
心电图监测以其准确、简便、灵敏的特点在心血管疾病的检测和诊断中得到了广泛的探索。然而,对于那些想要每天监测心电图的人来说,医疗级或商业级的心电图监测设备可能是昂贵的。这些设备通常需要在人体上连接几个电极,不方便进行连续监测。为了能够每天用现成的设备低成本地测量ECG信号,在本文中,我们提出了一种新的ECG传感系统,该系统使用从智能手机收集的加速度数据。与以前的系统相比,我们的系统具有几个优点,包括低成本,易于使用,位置和用户独立性以及高精度。我们设计了一个两层去噪过程,包括SWT和软阈值,以有效消除呼吸,身体和手部运动引起的干扰。最后,我们开发了一个多层次的深度学习恢复模型,以实现商用手机上高效、实时和独立于用户的心电测量。我们在独立于用户的场景下对30名参与者(近36,000个心跳样本)进行了广泛的实验。PR间隔、QRS间隔、QT间隔和RR间隔的平均误差分别为12.02 ms、16.9 ms、16.64 ms和1.84 ms。作为一个案例研究,我们也证明了我们的系统在常见心脏病患者的信号恢复能力强,包括心动过速、心动过缓、心律失常、不稳定型心绞痛和心肌梗死。
{"title":"Knowing Your Heart Condition Anytime","authors":"Lei Wang, Xingwei Wang, Dalin Zhang, Xiaolei Ma, Yong Zhang, Haipeng Dai, Chenren Xu, Zhijun Li, Tao Gu","doi":"10.1145/3610871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610871","url":null,"abstract":"Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring has been widely explored in detecting and diagnosing cardiovascular diseases due to its accuracy, simplicity, and sensitivity. However, medical- or commercial-grade ECG monitoring devices can be costly for people who want to monitor their ECG on a daily basis. These devices typically require several electrodes to be attached to the human body which is inconvenient for continuous monitoring. To enable low-cost measurement of ECG signals with off-the-shelf devices on a daily basis, in this paper, we propose a novel ECG sensing system that uses acceleration data collected from a smartphone. Our system offers several advantages over previous systems, including low cost, ease of use, location and user independence, and high accuracy. We design a two-tiered denoising process, comprising SWT and Soft-Thresholding, to effectively eliminate interference caused by respiration, body, and hand movements. Finally, we develop a multi-level deep learning recovery model to achieve efficient, real-time and user-independent ECG measurement on commercial mobile phones. We conduct extensive experiments with 30 participants (with nearly 36,000 heartbeat samples) under a user-independent scenario. The average errors of the PR interval, QRS interval, QT interval, and RR interval are 12.02 ms, 16.9 ms, 16.64 ms, and 1.84 ms, respectively. As a case study, we also demonstrate the strong capability of our system in signal recovery for patients with common heart diseases, including tachycardia, bradycardia, arrhythmia, unstable angina, and myocardial infarction.","PeriodicalId":20553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
mmStress 毫米压力
Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1145/3610926
Kun Liang, Anfu Zhou, Zhan Zhang, Hao Zhou, Huadong Ma, Chenshu Wu
Long-term exposure to stress hurts human's mental and even physical health,and stress monitoring is of increasing significance in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of mental illness and chronic disease. However, current stress monitoring methods are either burdensome or intrusive, which hinders their widespread usage in practice. In this paper, we propose mmStress, a contact-less and non-intrusive solution, which adopts a millimeter-wave radar to sense a subject's activities of daily living, from which it distills human stress. mmStress is built upon the psychologically-validated relationship between human stress and "displacement activities", i.e., subjects under stress unconsciously perform fidgeting behaviors like scratching, wandering around, tapping foot, etc. Despite the conceptual simplicity, to realize mmStress, the key challenge lies in how to identify and quantify the latent displacement activities autonomously, as they are usually transitory and submerged in normal daily activities, and also exhibit high variation across different subjects. To address these challenges, we custom-design a neural network that learns human activities from both macro and micro timescales and exploits the continuity of human activities to extract features of abnormal displacement activities accurately. Moreover, we also address the unbalance stress distribution issue by incorporating a post-hoc logit adjustment procedure during model training. We prototype, deploy and evaluate mmStress in ten volunteers' apartments for over four weeks, and the results show that mmStress achieves a promising accuracy of ~80% in classifying low, medium and high stress. In particular, mmStress manifests advantages, particularly under free human movement scenarios, which advances the state-of-the-art that focuses on stress monitoring in quasi-static scenarios.
长期暴露在压力下会损害人的精神甚至身体健康,压力监测在精神疾病和慢性疾病的预防、诊断和管理中具有越来越重要的意义。然而,目前的应力监测方法要么是繁琐的,要么是侵入性的,这阻碍了它们在实践中的广泛应用。在本文中,我们提出了mmStress,这是一种非接触式和非侵入式的解决方案,它采用毫米波雷达来感知受试者的日常生活活动,从中提取人类的压力。mmStress是建立在人类压力和“位移活动”之间的心理学验证关系之上的,即处于压力下的受试者无意识地做出坐立不安的行为,如抓挠、徘徊、跺脚等。尽管概念简单,但要实现mmStress,关键挑战在于如何自主识别和量化潜在位移活动,因为它们通常是短暂的,淹没在正常的日常活动中,并且在不同的受试者中表现出很大的差异。为了应对这些挑战,我们定制设计了一个神经网络,从宏观和微观时间尺度上学习人类活动,并利用人类活动的连续性来准确提取异常位移活动的特征。此外,我们还通过在模型训练期间纳入事后逻辑调整程序来解决不平衡应力分布问题。我们在10个志愿者的公寓中对mmStress进行了4周多的原型、部署和评估,结果表明mmStress对低、中、高压力的分类准确率达到了80%左右。特别是,mmStress显示出优势,特别是在人类自由运动的情况下,它推进了准静态情况下压力监测的最新技术。
{"title":"mmStress","authors":"Kun Liang, Anfu Zhou, Zhan Zhang, Hao Zhou, Huadong Ma, Chenshu Wu","doi":"10.1145/3610926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610926","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term exposure to stress hurts human's mental and even physical health,and stress monitoring is of increasing significance in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of mental illness and chronic disease. However, current stress monitoring methods are either burdensome or intrusive, which hinders their widespread usage in practice. In this paper, we propose mmStress, a contact-less and non-intrusive solution, which adopts a millimeter-wave radar to sense a subject's activities of daily living, from which it distills human stress. mmStress is built upon the psychologically-validated relationship between human stress and \"displacement activities\", i.e., subjects under stress unconsciously perform fidgeting behaviors like scratching, wandering around, tapping foot, etc. Despite the conceptual simplicity, to realize mmStress, the key challenge lies in how to identify and quantify the latent displacement activities autonomously, as they are usually transitory and submerged in normal daily activities, and also exhibit high variation across different subjects. To address these challenges, we custom-design a neural network that learns human activities from both macro and micro timescales and exploits the continuity of human activities to extract features of abnormal displacement activities accurately. Moreover, we also address the unbalance stress distribution issue by incorporating a post-hoc logit adjustment procedure during model training. We prototype, deploy and evaluate mmStress in ten volunteers' apartments for over four weeks, and the results show that mmStress achieves a promising accuracy of ~80% in classifying low, medium and high stress. In particular, mmStress manifests advantages, particularly under free human movement scenarios, which advances the state-of-the-art that focuses on stress monitoring in quasi-static scenarios.","PeriodicalId":20553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contact Tracing for Healthcare Workers in an Intensive Care Unit 重症监护病房医护人员的接触者追踪
Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1145/3610924
Jingwen Zhang, Ruixuan Dai, Ashraf Rjob, Ruiqi Wang, Reshad Hamauon, Jeffrey Candell, Thomas Bailey, Victoria J. Fraser, Maria Cristina Vazquez Guillamet, Chenyang Lu
Contact tracing is a powerful tool for mitigating the spread of COVID-19 during the pandemic. Front-line healthcare workers are particularly at high risk of infection in hospital units. This paper presents ContAct TraCing for Hospitals (CATCH), an automated contact tracing system designed specifically for healthcare workers in hospital environments. CATCH employs distributed embedded devices placed throughout a hospital unit to detect close contacts among healthcare workers wearing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons. We first identify a set of distinct contact tracing scenarios based on the diverse environmental characteristics of a real-world intensive care unit (ICU) and the different working patterns of healthcare workers in different spaces within the unit. We then develop a suite of novel contact tracing methods tailored for each scenario. CATCH has been deployed and evaluated in the ICU of a major medical center, demonstrating superior accuracy in contact tracing over existing approaches through a wide range of experiments. Furthermore, the real-world case study highlights the effectiveness and efficiency of CATCH compared to standard contact tracing practices.
接触者追踪是大流行期间缓解COVID-19传播的有力工具。一线医护人员在医院病房感染的风险尤其高。本文介绍了医院接触追踪(CATCH),这是一种专门为医院环境中的医护人员设计的自动接触追踪系统。CATCH采用分布在整个医院单元的嵌入式设备来检测佩戴低功耗蓝牙(BLE)信标的医护人员之间的密切接触。我们首先根据现实世界重症监护病房(ICU)的不同环境特征和病房内不同空间医护人员的不同工作模式,确定了一组不同的接触者追踪方案。然后,我们开发了一套针对每种情况量身定制的新颖接触者追踪方法。CATCH已在一家大型医疗中心的ICU中部署并进行了评估,通过广泛的实验表明,在接触者追踪方面,CATCH比现有方法具有更高的准确性。此外,现实世界的案例研究强调了与标准接触者追踪做法相比,CATCH的有效性和效率。
{"title":"Contact Tracing for Healthcare Workers in an Intensive Care Unit","authors":"Jingwen Zhang, Ruixuan Dai, Ashraf Rjob, Ruiqi Wang, Reshad Hamauon, Jeffrey Candell, Thomas Bailey, Victoria J. Fraser, Maria Cristina Vazquez Guillamet, Chenyang Lu","doi":"10.1145/3610924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610924","url":null,"abstract":"Contact tracing is a powerful tool for mitigating the spread of COVID-19 during the pandemic. Front-line healthcare workers are particularly at high risk of infection in hospital units. This paper presents ContAct TraCing for Hospitals (CATCH), an automated contact tracing system designed specifically for healthcare workers in hospital environments. CATCH employs distributed embedded devices placed throughout a hospital unit to detect close contacts among healthcare workers wearing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons. We first identify a set of distinct contact tracing scenarios based on the diverse environmental characteristics of a real-world intensive care unit (ICU) and the different working patterns of healthcare workers in different spaces within the unit. We then develop a suite of novel contact tracing methods tailored for each scenario. CATCH has been deployed and evaluated in the ICU of a major medical center, demonstrating superior accuracy in contact tracing over existing approaches through a wide range of experiments. Furthermore, the real-world case study highlights the effectiveness and efficiency of CATCH compared to standard contact tracing practices.","PeriodicalId":20553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Meta-Synthesis of the Barriers and Facilitators for Personal Informatics Systems 个人信息系统障碍与促进因素的综合分析
Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1145/3610893
Kazi Sinthia Kabir, Jason Wiese
Personal informatics (PI) systems are designed for diverse users in the real world. Even when these systems are usable, people encounter barriers while engaging with them in ways designers cannot anticipate, which impacts the system's effectiveness. Although PI literature extensively reports such barriers, the volume of this information can be overwhelming. Researchers and practitioners often find themselves repeatedly addressing the same challenges since sifting through this enormous volume of knowledge looking for relevant insights is often infeasible. We contribute to alleviating this issue by conducting a meta-synthesis of the PI literature and categorizing people's barriers and facilitators to engagement with PI systems into eight themes. Based on the synthesized knowledge, we discuss specific generalizable barriers and paths for further investigations. This synthesis can serve as an index to identify barriers pertinent to each application domain and possibly to identify barriers from one domain that might apply to a different domain. Finally, to ensure the sustainability of the syntheses, we propose a Design Statements (DS) block for research articles.
个人信息(PI)系统是为现实世界中的各种用户设计的。即使这些系统是可用的,人们也会以设计师无法预料的方式参与其中,从而影响系统的有效性。尽管PI文献广泛报道了这些障碍,但这些信息的数量可能是压倒性的。研究人员和实践者经常发现自己反复面对同样的挑战,因为从海量的知识中筛选寻找相关见解往往是不可行的。我们通过对PI文献进行综合分析,并将人们参与PI系统的障碍和促进因素分为八个主题,从而有助于缓解这一问题。在综合知识的基础上,我们讨论了具体的可推广的障碍和路径,以供进一步研究。这种综合可以作为一个索引,以识别与每个应用程序领域相关的障碍,并可能识别来自一个领域的障碍,这些障碍可能适用于不同的领域。最后,为了确保合成的可持续性,我们提出了一个研究文章的设计陈述(DS)块。
{"title":"A Meta-Synthesis of the Barriers and Facilitators for Personal Informatics Systems","authors":"Kazi Sinthia Kabir, Jason Wiese","doi":"10.1145/3610893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610893","url":null,"abstract":"Personal informatics (PI) systems are designed for diverse users in the real world. Even when these systems are usable, people encounter barriers while engaging with them in ways designers cannot anticipate, which impacts the system's effectiveness. Although PI literature extensively reports such barriers, the volume of this information can be overwhelming. Researchers and practitioners often find themselves repeatedly addressing the same challenges since sifting through this enormous volume of knowledge looking for relevant insights is often infeasible. We contribute to alleviating this issue by conducting a meta-synthesis of the PI literature and categorizing people's barriers and facilitators to engagement with PI systems into eight themes. Based on the synthesized knowledge, we discuss specific generalizable barriers and paths for further investigations. This synthesis can serve as an index to identify barriers pertinent to each application domain and possibly to identify barriers from one domain that might apply to a different domain. Finally, to ensure the sustainability of the syntheses, we propose a Design Statements (DS) block for research articles.","PeriodicalId":20553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Society's Attitudes Towards Human Augmentation and Performance Enhancement Technologies (SHAPE) Scale 社会对人体增强和性能增强技术的态度(SHAPE)量表
Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1145/3610915
Steeven Villa, Jasmin Niess, Albrecht Schmidt, Robin Welsch
Human augmentation technologies (ATs) are a subset of ubiquitous on-body devices designed to improve cognitive, sensory, and motor capacities. Although there is a large corpus of knowledge concerning ATs, less is known about societal attitudes towards them and how they shift over time. To that end, we developed The Society's Attitudes Towards Human Augmentation and Performance Enhancement Technologies (SHAPE) Scale, which measures how users of ATs are perceived. To develop the scale, we first created a list of possible scale items based on past work on how people respond to new technologies. The items were then reviewed by experts. Next, we performed exploratory factor analysis to reduce the scale to its final length of thirteen items. Subsequently, we confirmed test-retest validity of our instrument, as well as its construct validity. The SHAPE scale enables researchers and practitioners to understand elements contributing to attitudes toward augmentation technology users. The SHAPE scale assists designers of ATs in designing artifacts that will be more universally accepted.
人体增强技术(ATs)是一种普遍存在的身体设备,旨在提高认知、感觉和运动能力。尽管有大量关于人工智能的知识,但对社会对它们的态度以及它们如何随着时间的推移而变化所知甚少。为此,我们开发了社会对人体增强和性能增强技术的态度(SHAPE)量表,该量表衡量了对人工智能用户的看法。为了开发这个量表,我们首先根据过去关于人们对新技术的反应的研究创建了一个可能的量表项目列表。这些项目随后由专家进行审查。接下来,我们进行探索性因子分析,将量表缩减到13个项目的最终长度。随后,我们确认了我们的工具的重测效度,以及它的结构效度。SHAPE量表使研究人员和从业人员能够了解影响增强技术用户态度的因素。SHAPE量表帮助ATs的设计者设计出更被普遍接受的工件。
{"title":"Society's Attitudes Towards Human Augmentation and Performance Enhancement Technologies (SHAPE) Scale","authors":"Steeven Villa, Jasmin Niess, Albrecht Schmidt, Robin Welsch","doi":"10.1145/3610915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610915","url":null,"abstract":"Human augmentation technologies (ATs) are a subset of ubiquitous on-body devices designed to improve cognitive, sensory, and motor capacities. Although there is a large corpus of knowledge concerning ATs, less is known about societal attitudes towards them and how they shift over time. To that end, we developed The Society's Attitudes Towards Human Augmentation and Performance Enhancement Technologies (SHAPE) Scale, which measures how users of ATs are perceived. To develop the scale, we first created a list of possible scale items based on past work on how people respond to new technologies. The items were then reviewed by experts. Next, we performed exploratory factor analysis to reduce the scale to its final length of thirteen items. Subsequently, we confirmed test-retest validity of our instrument, as well as its construct validity. The SHAPE scale enables researchers and practitioners to understand elements contributing to attitudes toward augmentation technology users. The SHAPE scale assists designers of ATs in designing artifacts that will be more universally accepted.","PeriodicalId":20553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Surveying the Social Comfort of Body, Device, and Environment-Based Augmented Reality Interactions in Confined Passenger Spaces Using Mixed Reality Composite Videos 使用混合现实合成视频调查在受限乘客空间中基于身体、设备和环境的增强现实交互的社会舒适度
Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1145/3610923
Daniel Medeiros, Romane Dubus, Julie Williamson, Graham Wilson, Katharina Pöhlmann, Mark McGill
Augmented Reality (AR) headsets could significantly improve the passenger experience, freeing users from the restrictions of physical smartphones, tablets and seatback displays. However, the confined space of public transport and the varying proximity to other passengers may restrict what interaction techniques are deemed socially acceptable for AR users - particularly considering current reliance on mid-air interactions in consumer headsets. We contribute and utilize a novel approach to social acceptability video surveys, employing mixed reality composited videos to present a real user performing interactions across different virtual transport environments. This approach allows for controlled evaluation of perceived social acceptability whilst freeing researchers to present interactions in any simulated context. Our resulting survey (N=131) explores the social comfort of body, device, and environment-based interactions across seven transit seating arrangements. We reflect on the advantages of discreet inputs over mid-air and the unique challenges of face-to-face seating for passenger AR.
增强现实(AR)耳机可以显著改善乘客体验,将用户从实体智能手机、平板电脑和座椅靠背显示器的限制中解放出来。然而,公共交通的有限空间和与其他乘客的不同距离可能会限制AR用户认为可接受的交互技术,特别是考虑到目前消费者耳机对空中交互的依赖。我们为社会可接受性视频调查贡献并利用了一种新颖的方法,采用混合现实合成视频来呈现真实用户在不同虚拟交通环境中进行交互。这种方法允许对感知到的社会可接受性进行控制评估,同时释放研究人员在任何模拟环境中呈现互动。我们的调查结果(N=131)探讨了七种交通座位安排中身体、设备和基于环境的互动的社会舒适度。我们反思了相对于空中的谨慎输入的优势,以及面对面座位对乘客AR的独特挑战。
{"title":"Surveying the Social Comfort of Body, Device, and Environment-Based Augmented Reality Interactions in Confined Passenger Spaces Using Mixed Reality Composite Videos","authors":"Daniel Medeiros, Romane Dubus, Julie Williamson, Graham Wilson, Katharina Pöhlmann, Mark McGill","doi":"10.1145/3610923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610923","url":null,"abstract":"Augmented Reality (AR) headsets could significantly improve the passenger experience, freeing users from the restrictions of physical smartphones, tablets and seatback displays. However, the confined space of public transport and the varying proximity to other passengers may restrict what interaction techniques are deemed socially acceptable for AR users - particularly considering current reliance on mid-air interactions in consumer headsets. We contribute and utilize a novel approach to social acceptability video surveys, employing mixed reality composited videos to present a real user performing interactions across different virtual transport environments. This approach allows for controlled evaluation of perceived social acceptability whilst freeing researchers to present interactions in any simulated context. Our resulting survey (N=131) explores the social comfort of body, device, and environment-based interactions across seven transit seating arrangements. We reflect on the advantages of discreet inputs over mid-air and the unique challenges of face-to-face seating for passenger AR.","PeriodicalId":20553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135536285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
GlassMessaging GlassMessaging
Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1145/3610931
Nuwan Janaka, Jie Gao, Lin Zhu, Shengdong Zhao, Lan Lyu, Peisen Xu, Maximilian Nabokow, Silang Wang, Yanch Ong
Communicating with others while engaging in simple daily activities is both common and natural for people. However, due to the hands- and eyes-busy nature of existing digital messaging applications, it is challenging to message someone while performing simple daily activities. We present GlassMessaging, a messaging application on Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Displays (OHMDs), to support messaging with voice and manual inputs in hands- and eyes-busy scenarios. GlassMessaging is iteratively developed through a formative study identifying current messaging behaviors and challenges in common multitasking with messaging scenarios. We then evaluated this application against the mobile phone platform on varying texting complexities in eating and walking scenarios. Our results showed that, compared to phone-based messaging, GlassMessaging increased messaging opportunities during multitasking due to its hands-free, wearable nature, and multimodal input capabilities. The affordance of GlassMessaging also allows users easier access to voice input than the phone, which thus reduces the response time by 33.1% and increases the texting speed by 40.3%, with a cost in texting accuracy of 2.5%, particularly when the texting complexity increases. Lastly, we discuss trade-offs and insights to lay a foundation for future OHMD-based messaging applications.
在进行简单的日常活动的同时与他人交流,这对人们来说既常见又自然。然而,由于现有的数字消息应用程序的手和眼睛忙碌的性质,在执行简单的日常活动时给某人发送消息是具有挑战性的。我们介绍了GlassMessaging,一个基于光学透明头戴式显示器(ohmd)的消息传递应用程序,以支持在手和眼睛忙碌的情况下通过语音和手动输入进行消息传递。GlassMessaging是通过一项形成性研究来迭代开发的,该研究确定了当前的消息传递行为和在消息传递场景中常见的多任务处理中的挑战。然后,我们在手机平台上评估了这个应用程序在吃饭和走路场景下的不同短信复杂性。我们的研究结果表明,与基于手机的消息传递相比,GlassMessaging由于其免提、可穿戴和多模式输入功能,增加了在多任务处理期间的消息传递机会。GlassMessaging的功能还允许用户比使用手机更容易地进行语音输入,从而减少了33.1%的响应时间,提高了40.3%的发短信速度,但代价是发短信的准确性降低了2.5%,尤其是当发短信的复杂性增加时。最后,我们将讨论权衡和见解,为未来基于ohmd的消息传递应用程序奠定基础。
{"title":"GlassMessaging","authors":"Nuwan Janaka, Jie Gao, Lin Zhu, Shengdong Zhao, Lan Lyu, Peisen Xu, Maximilian Nabokow, Silang Wang, Yanch Ong","doi":"10.1145/3610931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610931","url":null,"abstract":"Communicating with others while engaging in simple daily activities is both common and natural for people. However, due to the hands- and eyes-busy nature of existing digital messaging applications, it is challenging to message someone while performing simple daily activities. We present GlassMessaging, a messaging application on Optical See-Through Head-Mounted Displays (OHMDs), to support messaging with voice and manual inputs in hands- and eyes-busy scenarios. GlassMessaging is iteratively developed through a formative study identifying current messaging behaviors and challenges in common multitasking with messaging scenarios. We then evaluated this application against the mobile phone platform on varying texting complexities in eating and walking scenarios. Our results showed that, compared to phone-based messaging, GlassMessaging increased messaging opportunities during multitasking due to its hands-free, wearable nature, and multimodal input capabilities. The affordance of GlassMessaging also allows users easier access to voice input than the phone, which thus reduces the response time by 33.1% and increases the texting speed by 40.3%, with a cost in texting accuracy of 2.5%, particularly when the texting complexity increases. Lastly, we discuss trade-offs and insights to lay a foundation for future OHMD-based messaging applications.","PeriodicalId":20553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135471528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
What and When to Explain? 解释什么,什么时候解释?
Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1145/3610886
Gwangbin Kim, Dohyeon Yeo, Taewoo Jo, Daniela Rus, SeungJun Kim
Explanations in automated vehicles help passengers understand the vehicle's state and capabilities, leading to increased trust in the technology. Specifically, for passengers of SAE Level 4 and 5 vehicles who are not engaged in the driving process, the enhanced sense of control provided by explanations reduces potential anxieties, enabling them to fully leverage the benefits of automation. To construct explanations that enhance trust and situational awareness without disturbing passengers, we suggest testing with people who ultimately employ such explanations, ideally under real-world driving conditions. In this study, we examined the impact of various visual explanation types (perception, attention, perception+attention) and timing mechanisms (constantly provided or only under risky scenarios) on passenger experience under naturalistic driving scenarios using actual vehicles with mixed-reality support. Our findings indicate that visualizing the vehicle's perception state improves the perceived usability, trust, safety, and situational awareness without adding cognitive burden, even without explaining the underlying causes. We also demonstrate that the traffic risk probability could be used to control the timing of an explanation delivery, particularly when passengers are overwhelmed with information. Our study's on-road evaluation method offers a safe and reliable testing environment and can be easily customized for other AI models and explanation modalities.
自动驾驶汽车的解释有助于乘客了解车辆的状态和能力,从而增加对这项技术的信任。具体来说,对于没有参与驾驶过程的SAE 4级和5级车辆的乘客来说,解释所提供的控制感增强减少了潜在的焦虑,使他们能够充分利用自动化带来的好处。为了在不打扰乘客的情况下构建增强信任和态势感知的解释,我们建议对最终采用这些解释的人进行测试,理想情况下是在真实的驾驶条件下。在本研究中,我们使用具有混合现实支持的真实车辆,研究了各种视觉解释类型(感知、注意、感知+注意)和定时机制(持续提供或仅在危险场景下提供)对自然驾驶场景下乘客体验的影响。我们的研究结果表明,可视化车辆的感知状态在不增加认知负担的情况下提高了感知可用性、信任度、安全性和态势感知,甚至没有解释潜在的原因。我们还证明了交通风险概率可以用来控制解释交付的时间,特别是当乘客被信息淹没时。我们研究的道路评估方法提供了一个安全可靠的测试环境,并且可以很容易地为其他人工智能模型和解释方式定制。
{"title":"What and When to Explain?","authors":"Gwangbin Kim, Dohyeon Yeo, Taewoo Jo, Daniela Rus, SeungJun Kim","doi":"10.1145/3610886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610886","url":null,"abstract":"Explanations in automated vehicles help passengers understand the vehicle's state and capabilities, leading to increased trust in the technology. Specifically, for passengers of SAE Level 4 and 5 vehicles who are not engaged in the driving process, the enhanced sense of control provided by explanations reduces potential anxieties, enabling them to fully leverage the benefits of automation. To construct explanations that enhance trust and situational awareness without disturbing passengers, we suggest testing with people who ultimately employ such explanations, ideally under real-world driving conditions. In this study, we examined the impact of various visual explanation types (perception, attention, perception+attention) and timing mechanisms (constantly provided or only under risky scenarios) on passenger experience under naturalistic driving scenarios using actual vehicles with mixed-reality support. Our findings indicate that visualizing the vehicle's perception state improves the perceived usability, trust, safety, and situational awareness without adding cognitive burden, even without explaining the underlying causes. We also demonstrate that the traffic risk probability could be used to control the timing of an explanation delivery, particularly when passengers are overwhelmed with information. Our study's on-road evaluation method offers a safe and reliable testing environment and can be easily customized for other AI models and explanation modalities.","PeriodicalId":20553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ProxiFit ProxiFit
Q2 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.1145/3610920
Jiha Kim, Younho Nam, Jungeun Lee, Young-Joo Suh, Inseok Hwang
Although many works bring exercise monitoring to smartphone and smartwatch, inertial sensors used in such systems require device to be in motion to detect exercises. We introduce ProxiFit, a highly practical on-device exercise monitoring system capable of classifying and counting exercises even if the device stays still. Utilizing novel proximity sensing of natural magnetism in exercise equipment, ProxiFit brings (1) a new category of exercise not involving device motion such as lower-body machine exercise, and (2) a new off-body exercise monitoring mode where a smartphone can be conveniently viewed in front of the user during workouts. ProxiFit addresses common issues of faint magnetic sensing by choosing appropriate preprocessing, negating adversarial motion artifacts, and designing a lightweight yet noise-tolerant classifier. Also, application-specific challenges such as a wide variety of equipment and the impracticality of obtaining large datasets are overcome by devising a unique yet challenging training policy. We evaluate ProxiFit on up to 10 weight machines (5 lower- and 5 upper-body) and 4 free-weight exercises, on both wearable and signage mode, with 19 users, at 3 gyms, over 14 months, and verify robustness against user and weather variations, spatial and rotational device location deviations, and neighboring machine interference.
尽管许多工作将运动监测带到智能手机和智能手表上,但在这些系统中使用的惯性传感器需要设备处于运动状态才能检测运动。我们介绍ProxiFit,这是一款非常实用的设备上运动监测系统,即使设备静止不动,也能对运动进行分类和计数。ProxiFit利用运动器材中天然磁性的新型近距离感应,带来了(1)一种不涉及设备运动的新运动类别,如下半身机器运动;(2)一种新的体外运动监测模式,用户在锻炼时可以方便地在面前查看智能手机。ProxiFit通过选择适当的预处理,消除对抗性运动伪影,并设计轻量级但耐噪的分类器来解决微弱磁感测的常见问题。此外,通过设计独特但具有挑战性的培训政策,可以克服特定于应用的挑战,例如各种各样的设备和获取大型数据集的不可行性。我们在多达10台重量机器(5台下体和5台上体)和4台自由重量练习上评估ProxiFit,在可穿戴和标牌模式下,19名用户,在3个健身房,超过14个月,并验证对用户和天气变化,空间和旋转设备位置偏差以及邻近机器干扰的稳健性。
{"title":"ProxiFit","authors":"Jiha Kim, Younho Nam, Jungeun Lee, Young-Joo Suh, Inseok Hwang","doi":"10.1145/3610920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3610920","url":null,"abstract":"Although many works bring exercise monitoring to smartphone and smartwatch, inertial sensors used in such systems require device to be in motion to detect exercises. We introduce ProxiFit, a highly practical on-device exercise monitoring system capable of classifying and counting exercises even if the device stays still. Utilizing novel proximity sensing of natural magnetism in exercise equipment, ProxiFit brings (1) a new category of exercise not involving device motion such as lower-body machine exercise, and (2) a new off-body exercise monitoring mode where a smartphone can be conveniently viewed in front of the user during workouts. ProxiFit addresses common issues of faint magnetic sensing by choosing appropriate preprocessing, negating adversarial motion artifacts, and designing a lightweight yet noise-tolerant classifier. Also, application-specific challenges such as a wide variety of equipment and the impracticality of obtaining large datasets are overcome by devising a unique yet challenging training policy. We evaluate ProxiFit on up to 10 weight machines (5 lower- and 5 upper-body) and 4 free-weight exercises, on both wearable and signage mode, with 19 users, at 3 gyms, over 14 months, and verify robustness against user and weather variations, spatial and rotational device location deviations, and neighboring machine interference.","PeriodicalId":20553,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135535364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1