Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2231-4555.2016.00017.6
Manjri Suman, O. Prakash
The African-Americans have time and again suffered a state of denial from the dominant class. The hegemonic mindset of the Whites had pushed the African-Americans on the periphery and given them a substandard status. Winant (2001). The world is a ghetto: Race and democracy since World War II. New York: Basic Books) says that to be ‘white conferred a deserved advantage on those so identified while a dark skin properly signified inferiority’ This racial discrimination and ‘white supremacy’ have suppressed the voices of the margins for a long time. Not only the African-Americans but their language was also tagged as being substandard by the White Americans. Where on one hand, it is considered to be language marred in its grammar by the non-speakers, on the other, is termed the ‘Language of the Soul’ by the native speakers, Claude Brown being one of them. It was a language that brought the African-Americans together. After the Great Migration, the African-Americans faced segregation at all fronts which included housing as well. This segregation brought severe economic, social and political hardships upon them and resulted in the emergence of ghettos. However, this Ghettoisation had a positive effect as it ‘gave rise to vibrant culture, symbolized by Harlem Renaissance and it also gave rise to language and cultural segregation’ (Massey DS and Denton NA, 1993. American apartheid: Segregation and the making of the underclass. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press). The blacks intentionally developed a language which was distinct from the Standard American English and followed a set grammatical pattern. This paper studies the plight of the African-Americans during slavery; racial segregation post Civil War; the fight for respectable status for themselves and their language; and the problems they are still facing to gain that status. The paper shows that how even after facing constant rejections and marginalisation, the African–Americans take pride in their culture and language.
非裔美国人一次又一次地遭受统治阶级的否认。白人的霸权心态把非裔美国人推到了边缘，使他们处于不合格的地位。Winant(2001)。世界是一个贫民窟:二战以来的种族与民主。纽约:基础书籍)说，“白人赋予那些被认为是白人的人应得的优势，而深色皮肤则意味着劣等。”这种种族歧视和“白人至上”长期以来压制了边缘人群的声音。不仅是非洲裔美国人，他们的语言也被美国白人贴上了不合格的标签。一方面，它被非母语者认为是语法上有缺陷的语言，另一方面，它被母语者称为“灵魂的语言”，克劳德·布朗就是其中之一。这是一种将非裔美国人团结在一起的语言。大迁徙之后，非裔美国人面临着包括住房在内的各个方面的种族隔离。这种隔离给他们带来了严重的经济、社会和政治困难，并导致了隔都的出现。然而，这种聚居化产生了积极的影响，因为它“产生了以哈莱姆文艺复兴为标志的充满活力的文化，也产生了语言和文化隔离”(Massey DS and Denton NA, 1993)。美国种族隔离:种族隔离和下层阶级的形成。剑桥，马萨诸塞州:哈佛大学出版社)。黑人有意发展出一种不同于标准美式英语的语言，并遵循一套固定的语法模式。本文研究了奴隶制时期非裔美国人的困境;内战后的种族隔离;为自己和自己的语言争取受人尊敬的地位;以及他们为获得这一地位所面临的问题。这篇论文表明，即使面对不断的拒绝和边缘化，非洲裔美国人仍然对自己的文化和语言感到自豪。
{"title":"A Sociolinguistic Perspective on Linguistic Exclusion, Racial Segregation and Status of African–American Vernacular English","authors":"Manjri Suman, O. Prakash","doi":"10.5958/2231-4555.2016.00017.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-4555.2016.00017.6","url":null,"abstract":"The African-Americans have time and again suffered a state of denial from the dominant class. The hegemonic mindset of the Whites had pushed the African-Americans on the periphery and given them a substandard status. Winant (2001). The world is a ghetto: Race and democracy since World War II. New York: Basic Books) says that to be ‘white conferred a deserved advantage on those so identified while a dark skin properly signified inferiority’ This racial discrimination and ‘white supremacy’ have suppressed the voices of the margins for a long time. Not only the African-Americans but their language was also tagged as being substandard by the White Americans. Where on one hand, it is considered to be language marred in its grammar by the non-speakers, on the other, is termed the ‘Language of the Soul’ by the native speakers, Claude Brown being one of them. It was a language that brought the African-Americans together. After the Great Migration, the African-Americans faced segregation at all fronts which included housing as well. This segregation brought severe economic, social and political hardships upon them and resulted in the emergence of ghettos. However, this Ghettoisation had a positive effect as it ‘gave rise to vibrant culture, symbolized by Harlem Renaissance and it also gave rise to language and cultural segregation’ (Massey DS and Denton NA, 1993. American apartheid: Segregation and the making of the underclass. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press). The blacks intentionally developed a language which was distinct from the Standard American English and followed a set grammatical pattern. This paper studies the plight of the African-Americans during slavery; racial segregation post Civil War; the fight for respectable status for themselves and their language; and the problems they are still facing to gain that status. The paper shows that how even after facing constant rejections and marginalisation, the African–Americans take pride in their culture and language.","PeriodicalId":205837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exclusion Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117126656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2231-4555.2022.00010.9
Bhavna Sharma, Dhawal Gupta
{"title":"Prevalence of Online Child Pornography and Applicable Laws in India","authors":"Bhavna Sharma, Dhawal Gupta","doi":"10.5958/2231-4555.2022.00010.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-4555.2022.00010.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exclusion Studies","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117193413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2231-4555.2020.00003.0
M. Anees
Dalit-centred social exclusion largely stems from structures of spatial segregation which is rooted in the Indian caste system. The caste system placed Dalits at the lowest and weakest social stratum; their segregated housing-spaces further marginalised them. The history of Dalits ghetto in Kerala can be traced back to 1936 when the T ravancore Government opened a colony for the lower castes at Kottayam. The Government might have had a view of providing cultivable land to Dalits in an isolated locality will provide them with economic freedom and as a result, there will be less violation of caste rules. Over the years, the provided colonies began to be conceived as merely a housing scheme. In particular, it appeared when the Land Reforms Act (1963) is re-amended in 1969. Also, the provided land under the schemes was just 4 or 5 cents. That was meagre and unsuitable for the families to live. Moreover, the land size reduced further because of the intergenerational subdivision and fragmentation of holdings. A study conducted by KILA (2013) found that there are 26,198 Dalit colonies and about 60% of lower castes in Kerala are living. The colonies in the State are so remote either in hilly areas, marshy lands or away from public gaze as it leads to excluding Dalits from the broader social and economic system. The study attempted to explore the position of Dalits in the exclusion-driven segregation by comparing the Dalits who are living in a colony with the non-Dalits living at the outside colony. While doing so, the study found that the surveyed colonies are away from mainstream society. Also, most of them are living without land but with abject poverty when compared to non-colony dwellers. Furthermore, the study emphasised with the evidence that the exclusion of Dalits in the past is continuing with the contemporary differences in their living conditions in colonies.
{"title":"Exclusion-Driven Segregation and Dalits: Evidence from Selected Colonies in Kerala","authors":"M. Anees","doi":"10.5958/2231-4555.2020.00003.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-4555.2020.00003.0","url":null,"abstract":"Dalit-centred social exclusion largely stems from structures of spatial segregation which is rooted in the Indian caste system. The caste system placed Dalits at the lowest and weakest social stratum; their segregated housing-spaces further marginalised them. The history of Dalits ghetto in Kerala can be traced back to 1936 when the T ravancore Government opened a colony for the lower castes at Kottayam. The Government might have had a view of providing cultivable land to Dalits in an isolated locality will provide them with economic freedom and as a result, there will be less violation of caste rules. Over the years, the provided colonies began to be conceived as merely a housing scheme. In particular, it appeared when the Land Reforms Act (1963) is re-amended in 1969. Also, the provided land under the schemes was just 4 or 5 cents. That was meagre and unsuitable for the families to live. Moreover, the land size reduced further because of the intergenerational subdivision and fragmentation of holdings. A study conducted by KILA (2013) found that there are 26,198 Dalit colonies and about 60% of lower castes in Kerala are living. The colonies in the State are so remote either in hilly areas, marshy lands or away from public gaze as it leads to excluding Dalits from the broader social and economic system. The study attempted to explore the position of Dalits in the exclusion-driven segregation by comparing the Dalits who are living in a colony with the non-Dalits living at the outside colony. While doing so, the study found that the surveyed colonies are away from mainstream society. Also, most of them are living without land but with abject poverty when compared to non-colony dwellers. Furthermore, the study emphasised with the evidence that the exclusion of Dalits in the past is continuing with the contemporary differences in their living conditions in colonies.","PeriodicalId":205837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exclusion Studies","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123124477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2231-4555.2017.00023.7
V. Gautam, Santosh Kumar
Tourism industry is presumed to be an industry which helps eradicating poverty and bring equity by generating employment opportunities to the marginalised people at the destinations. This is well emphasised by International Organization such as UNWTO by the dint of planning guidelines suggested frameworks and national equal tourism originations of the states. UNWTO has been a front runner in its efforts to bring in opportunities for all irrespective of their capabilities, gender and races. It augments its assertion by theming this year's World Tourism Day as ‘Tourism for All-promoting universal accessibility’. However, literature on the other hand emphasises on the participation of specially abled people on demand side only, that is ‘tourist side’ and ignores them completely when it comes to their participation on supply side, that is their participation in employment and entrepreneurship. Not only this, supply side perspective finds mention in the definition of accessible tourism proposed by various scholars. This study attempts to find out the extent of participation of specially abled people at the destination. The study reveals that there is mere inclusion of specially abled people in tourism destination; they lack participation opportunities in turns of infrastructure, training facilities and awareness of government schemes available to them. Besides, they find the perception of people about them very demotivating. Tourism can be successful only when they are considered in the supply side also, which is very low presently.
{"title":"Participation of Specially Abled People in Tourism: A Case of Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh","authors":"V. Gautam, Santosh Kumar","doi":"10.5958/2231-4555.2017.00023.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-4555.2017.00023.7","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism industry is presumed to be an industry which helps eradicating poverty and bring equity by generating employment opportunities to the marginalised people at the destinations. This is well emphasised by International Organization such as UNWTO by the dint of planning guidelines suggested frameworks and national equal tourism originations of the states. UNWTO has been a front runner in its efforts to bring in opportunities for all irrespective of their capabilities, gender and races. It augments its assertion by theming this year's World Tourism Day as ‘Tourism for All-promoting universal accessibility’. However, literature on the other hand emphasises on the participation of specially abled people on demand side only, that is ‘tourist side’ and ignores them completely when it comes to their participation on supply side, that is their participation in employment and entrepreneurship. Not only this, supply side perspective finds mention in the definition of accessible tourism proposed by various scholars. This study attempts to find out the extent of participation of specially abled people at the destination. The study reveals that there is mere inclusion of specially abled people in tourism destination; they lack participation opportunities in turns of infrastructure, training facilities and awareness of government schemes available to them. Besides, they find the perception of people about them very demotivating. Tourism can be successful only when they are considered in the supply side also, which is very low presently.","PeriodicalId":205837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exclusion Studies","volume":"310 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122984619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/J.2231-4547.2.1.001
Md. Zafar Mahfooz Nomani
The conceptualisation and contextualisation of social exclusion under the constitutional goal of equality of opportunities founded on the principles of liberty, dignity, fraternity and social justice form the core of this paper. Social and economic empowerments of disadvantaged sections of society and attainment of civil liberties in education and employment foster social solidarity and inclusion. Access to opportunities in all spheres of public and private life requires conceptualisation and contextualisation of social exclusion constitutional conspectus. The stark inequalities compounded with boundaries of social groups make inter-group inequalities more vulnerable. The need to affirmative action through the Equal Opportunity Commission Report rightly conceptualised and contextualised social inclusion in praxis of an evidence-based advocacy. National data availability suggests existence of disadvantaged groups by various circumstances, which are neither of their creation nor within their control to overcome. This institutional deficit and unfair discrimination requires availability of equality in reality. This paper hypothesises that conceptualisation and contextualisation of equal opportunities will raise the status of deprived groups and will enable accessing of equal justice through judicial processes, which ultimately pave way for social inclusion of socially excluded groups.
{"title":"Conceptualisation and Contextualisation of Social Inclusion and Exclusion under Equal Opportunity Commission Report: Reflections and Appraisal","authors":"Md. Zafar Mahfooz Nomani","doi":"10.5958/J.2231-4547.2.1.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.2231-4547.2.1.001","url":null,"abstract":"The conceptualisation and contextualisation of social exclusion under the constitutional goal of equality of opportunities founded on the principles of liberty, dignity, fraternity and social justice form the core of this paper. Social and economic empowerments of disadvantaged sections of society and attainment of civil liberties in education and employment foster social solidarity and inclusion. Access to opportunities in all spheres of public and private life requires conceptualisation and contextualisation of social exclusion constitutional conspectus. The stark inequalities compounded with boundaries of social groups make inter-group inequalities more vulnerable. The need to affirmative action through the Equal Opportunity Commission Report rightly conceptualised and contextualised social inclusion in praxis of an evidence-based advocacy. National data availability suggests existence of disadvantaged groups by various circumstances, which are neither of their creation nor within their control to overcome. This institutional deficit and unfair discrimination requires availability of equality in reality. This paper hypothesises that conceptualisation and contextualisation of equal opportunities will raise the status of deprived groups and will enable accessing of equal justice through judicial processes, which ultimately pave way for social inclusion of socially excluded groups.","PeriodicalId":205837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exclusion Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122997482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2231-4555.2019.00004.4
P. Rani
{"title":"Segmented Labour Market of Seelampur: A Key Site of Exclusion","authors":"P. Rani","doi":"10.5958/2231-4555.2019.00004.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-4555.2019.00004.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exclusion Studies","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123038370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2231-4555.2017.00010.9
Neena Pandey, V. Pandey
{"title":"Language of Alienation: A Site of Cultural Violence","authors":"Neena Pandey, V. Pandey","doi":"10.5958/2231-4555.2017.00010.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-4555.2017.00010.9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exclusion Studies","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125431587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2231-4555.2016.00006.1
G. Sahu, S. Alam
The media can be a powerful force for change and gender justice. It can play an important role in advancing gender-sensitive development agenda by supporting and promoting issues relevant to women's empowerment. In a democratic setup, media is considered as a watchdog, gatekeeper and agenda setter. It can ensure gender equity by raising public consciousness on women's issues, enabling the women to hold their governments to account, curbing gender violence, and creating a civic forum for debate. It can also amplify the voice of marginalised women. However, it needs to be noted that due to time and organisational constraints, news media organisations can cover a limited number of events and issues. Because journalists must choose, process and filter the news, the news media must focus attention on a few key priorities – those that are deemed newsworthy. Over time, the issues to which news media give priority will become the priority issues for the public. Keeping in view of the importance of the media agenda, an attempt has been made in the present article to understand and describe the content on different issues relevant to women in the mainstream English and Hindi newspapers.
{"title":"Gender Issues in the Press: A Comparative Study of the Times of India and Dainik Jagran","authors":"G. Sahu, S. Alam","doi":"10.5958/2231-4555.2016.00006.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-4555.2016.00006.1","url":null,"abstract":"The media can be a powerful force for change and gender justice. It can play an important role in advancing gender-sensitive development agenda by supporting and promoting issues relevant to women's empowerment. In a democratic setup, media is considered as a watchdog, gatekeeper and agenda setter. It can ensure gender equity by raising public consciousness on women's issues, enabling the women to hold their governments to account, curbing gender violence, and creating a civic forum for debate. It can also amplify the voice of marginalised women. However, it needs to be noted that due to time and organisational constraints, news media organisations can cover a limited number of events and issues. Because journalists must choose, process and filter the news, the news media must focus attention on a few key priorities – those that are deemed newsworthy. Over time, the issues to which news media give priority will become the priority issues for the public. Keeping in view of the importance of the media agenda, an attempt has been made in the present article to understand and describe the content on different issues relevant to women in the mainstream English and Hindi newspapers.","PeriodicalId":205837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exclusion Studies","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126212889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/2231-4555.2019.00006.8
Mohd. Husain
{"title":"Inclusion of Socially Excluded Muslims: A Review of Government Initiatives","authors":"Mohd. Husain","doi":"10.5958/2231-4555.2019.00006.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2231-4555.2019.00006.8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":205837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exclusion Studies","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131240862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.5958/J.2231-4547.1.2.016
Ajit Mishra
This paper reveals how mainstream society is organized around the politics of exclusion. An analysis of the primary institutional forces that shape social hierarchies shows that these are all based on the politics of non-recognition and exclusion. Not only do these systems exist as one-dimensional forms of subordination, but they also combine to create a larger, self-reinforcing and interlinking system of oppression. The main argument is that once domination is accepted on the basis of one arbitrary characteristic—race, nationality, sex, sexual orientation, or class— then it is easier to accept it also on the basis of another. On the other hand, if one form of domination is questioned, then it is likely that other forms are also questioned. Even before the world could debate the consequences of exclusion, Ambedkar had realised that the politics of exclusion plays a vital role in a non-materialist discourse of human and citizenship rights, democracy, recognition and respect. Conversely, he vied for a redistributive egalitarian discourse, which does not represent a denial of the material conditions that lie at the heart of marginalization. Rather, it offers an opportunity to transform the politics of marginalization into one that addresses questions of power as well as participatory processes. In this paper I have made an attempt to develop an analytical framework in which the politics of marginalization and exclusion can be both understood and forged. I have done this through the application of a number of concepts in social and political theory and finally posit that at issue are not just the promotion of an ethics of recognition, but also the redistribution of power and an egalitarian discourse.
{"title":"Resisting ‘Alterity’: Ambedkar and the Ethics of Recognition","authors":"Ajit Mishra","doi":"10.5958/J.2231-4547.1.2.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/J.2231-4547.1.2.016","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reveals how mainstream society is organized around the politics of exclusion. An analysis of the primary institutional forces that shape social hierarchies shows that these are all based on the politics of non-recognition and exclusion. Not only do these systems exist as one-dimensional forms of subordination, but they also combine to create a larger, self-reinforcing and interlinking system of oppression. The main argument is that once domination is accepted on the basis of one arbitrary characteristic—race, nationality, sex, sexual orientation, or class— then it is easier to accept it also on the basis of another. On the other hand, if one form of domination is questioned, then it is likely that other forms are also questioned. Even before the world could debate the consequences of exclusion, Ambedkar had realised that the politics of exclusion plays a vital role in a non-materialist discourse of human and citizenship rights, democracy, recognition and respect. Conversely, he vied for a redistributive egalitarian discourse, which does not represent a denial of the material conditions that lie at the heart of marginalization. Rather, it offers an opportunity to transform the politics of marginalization into one that addresses questions of power as well as participatory processes. In this paper I have made an attempt to develop an analytical framework in which the politics of marginalization and exclusion can be both understood and forged. I have done this through the application of a number of concepts in social and political theory and finally posit that at issue are not just the promotion of an ethics of recognition, but also the redistribution of power and an egalitarian discourse.","PeriodicalId":205837,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exclusion Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121238597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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