Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/10732748221095952
Pedro W Fernandez
Prostate cancer disproportionately affects men of African descent and it is estimated that Africa will bear the highest disease burden in the next decade. Underlying genomic factors may contribute to prostate cancer disparities; however, it is unclear whether Africa has prioritised genomics research toward addressing these disparities. A Pubmed review was performed of publications spanning a 15-year period, with specific focus on prostate cancer genomics research that included samples from Africa and investigators in Africa. Data are presented on research publications from Africa relative to similar publications from different geographical regions, and more specifically, the extent of disparities and the contributions to prostate cancer knowledge as a result of genomics research that included African samples and African institutions. Limited publication output may reflect the infrastructure and funding challenges in Africa. Widespread cooperation should be fostered by sharing capacity and leveraging existing expertise to address the growing cancer burden facing the continent.
{"title":"Prostate Cancer Genomics Research Disparities in Africa: Advancing Knowledge in Resource Constrained Settings.","authors":"Pedro W Fernandez","doi":"10.1177/10732748221095952","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10732748221095952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer disproportionately affects men of African descent and it is estimated that Africa will bear the highest disease burden in the next decade. Underlying genomic factors may contribute to prostate cancer disparities; however, it is unclear whether Africa has prioritised genomics research toward addressing these disparities. A Pubmed review was performed of publications spanning a 15-year period, with specific focus on prostate cancer genomics research that included samples from Africa and investigators in Africa. Data are presented on research publications from Africa relative to similar publications from different geographical regions, and more specifically, the extent of disparities and the contributions to prostate cancer knowledge as a result of genomics research that included African samples and African institutions. Limited publication output may reflect the infrastructure and funding challenges in Africa. Widespread cooperation should be fostered by sharing capacity and leveraging existing expertise to address the growing cancer burden facing the continent.</p>","PeriodicalId":20614,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement","volume":"19 1","pages":"10732748221095952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9087236/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86923866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-17DOI: 10.1007/s40615-016-0294-0
Rachelle Jones, Timothy A Brusseau, Pamela H Kulinna, Hans van der Mars
Background: Understanding the physical activity patterns of youth is important for the implementation and evaluation of programming and interventions designed to change behavior. To date, little is known about the objectively measured physical activity patterns of Native American youth. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the step counts of Navajo youth during weekdays, weekend days, and physical education classes.
Methods: Participants included 63 high school students (mean age = 15.14 ± 1.37 years). Youth wore a pedometer (Walk-4-Life 2505) for seven consecutive days. Means and standard deviations were calculated for weekdays, weekend days, and physical education.
Results: Boys averaged 11,078 ± 4400 steps/weekday compared to 6493 ± 5651 on weekend days. Girls averaged 7567 ± 5614 on weekdays compared to 7589 ± 7712 on weekend days. Both boys (20 %) and girls (26 %) accumulated a large percentage of their weekday step counts from physical education classes.
Conclusions: Findings highlight the importance of additional physical activity opportunities in the community. Youth are falling well short of recommended levels of physical activity with physical education being an important source of physical activity.
{"title":"Step Counts on Weekdays, Weekends, and During Physical Education of Navajo High School Students.","authors":"Rachelle Jones, Timothy A Brusseau, Pamela H Kulinna, Hans van der Mars","doi":"10.1007/s40615-016-0294-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40615-016-0294-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the physical activity patterns of youth is important for the implementation and evaluation of programming and interventions designed to change behavior. To date, little is known about the objectively measured physical activity patterns of Native American youth. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to examine the step counts of Navajo youth during weekdays, weekend days, and physical education classes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants included 63 high school students (mean age = 15.14 ± 1.37 years). Youth wore a pedometer (Walk-4-Life 2505) for seven consecutive days. Means and standard deviations were calculated for weekdays, weekend days, and physical education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Boys averaged 11,078 ± 4400 steps/weekday compared to 6493 ± 5651 on weekend days. Girls averaged 7567 ± 5614 on weekdays compared to 7589 ± 7712 on weekend days. Both boys (20 %) and girls (26 %) accumulated a large percentage of their weekday step counts from physical education classes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings highlight the importance of additional physical activity opportunities in the community. Youth are falling well short of recommended levels of physical activity with physical education being an important source of physical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20614,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement","volume":"138 1","pages":"None"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2016-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86824268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-01Epub Date: 2016-02-16DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1519246113
Salah Mansour, Anna S Tocheva, Chris Cave-Ayland, Moritz M Machelett, Barbara Sander, Nikolai M Lissin, Peter E Molloy, Mark S Baird, Gunthard Stübs, Nicolas W J Schröder, Ralf R Schumann, Jörg Rademann, Anthony D Postle, Bent K Jakobsen, Ben G Marshall, Rajendra Gosain, Paul T Elkington, Tim Elliott, Chris-Kriton Skylaris, Jonathan W Essex, Ivo Tews, Stephan D Gadola
Cluster of differentiation 1c (CD1c)-dependent self-reactive T cells are abundant in human blood, but self-antigens presented by CD1c to the T-cell receptors of these cells are poorly understood. Here we present a crystal structure of CD1c determined at 2.4 Å revealing an extended ligand binding potential of the antigen groove and a substantially different conformation compared with known CD1c structures. Computational simulations exploring different occupancy states of the groove reenacted these different CD1c conformations and suggested cholesteryl esters (CE) and acylated steryl glycosides (ASG) as new ligand classes for CD1c. Confirming this, we show that binding of CE and ASG to CD1c enables the binding of human CD1c self-reactive T-cell receptors. Hence, human CD1c adopts different conformations dependent on ligand occupancy of its groove, with CE and ASG stabilizing CD1c conformations that provide a footprint for binding of CD1c self-reactive T-cell receptors.
人体血液中存在大量依赖分化簇 1c（CD1c）的自我反应 T 细胞，但人们对 CD1c 向这些细胞的 T 细胞受体传递的自我抗原却知之甚少。在这里，我们展示了在 2.4 Å 处测定的 CD1c 晶体结构，它揭示了抗原沟的配体结合潜能的扩展，以及与已知 CD1c 结构相比大不相同的构象。探索凹槽不同占据状态的计算模拟重现了这些不同的 CD1c 构象，并提出胆固醇酯 (CE) 和酰化甾基糖苷 (ASG) 是 CD1c 的新配体类别。为了证实这一点，我们证明了 CE 和 ASG 与 CD1c 的结合能使人类 CD1c 自我反应 T 细胞受体结合。因此，人类 CD1c 可根据配体对其沟槽的占据情况采用不同的构象，CE 和 ASG 可稳定 CD1c 的构象，为 CD1c 自我反应 T 细胞受体的结合提供足迹。
{"title":"Cholesteryl esters stabilize human CD1c conformations for recognition by self-reactive T cells.","authors":"Salah Mansour, Anna S Tocheva, Chris Cave-Ayland, Moritz M Machelett, Barbara Sander, Nikolai M Lissin, Peter E Molloy, Mark S Baird, Gunthard Stübs, Nicolas W J Schröder, Ralf R Schumann, Jörg Rademann, Anthony D Postle, Bent K Jakobsen, Ben G Marshall, Rajendra Gosain, Paul T Elkington, Tim Elliott, Chris-Kriton Skylaris, Jonathan W Essex, Ivo Tews, Stephan D Gadola","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1519246113","DOIUrl":"10.1073/pnas.1519246113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cluster of differentiation 1c (CD1c)-dependent self-reactive T cells are abundant in human blood, but self-antigens presented by CD1c to the T-cell receptors of these cells are poorly understood. Here we present a crystal structure of CD1c determined at 2.4 Å revealing an extended ligand binding potential of the antigen groove and a substantially different conformation compared with known CD1c structures. Computational simulations exploring different occupancy states of the groove reenacted these different CD1c conformations and suggested cholesteryl esters (CE) and acylated steryl glycosides (ASG) as new ligand classes for CD1c. Confirming this, we show that binding of CE and ASG to CD1c enables the binding of human CD1c self-reactive T-cell receptors. Hence, human CD1c adopts different conformations dependent on ligand occupancy of its groove, with CE and ASG stabilizing CD1c conformations that provide a footprint for binding of CD1c self-reactive T-cell receptors. </p>","PeriodicalId":20614,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"E1266-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4780616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86981224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stability of Instability of Plane-Wave Hartree-Fock Solutions and the Helical Spin Arrangement","authors":"N. Fukuda, T. Ogawa, T. Soda","doi":"10.1143/PTPS.E65.492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.E65.492","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20614,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement","volume":"65 1","pages":"492-531"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1143/PTPS.E65.492","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64919013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Relation between the Minkowski and Isobaric Spaces","authors":"T. Toyoda","doi":"10.1143/PTPS.E65.542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.E65.542","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20614,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement","volume":"65 1","pages":"542-547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1143/PTPS.E65.542","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64919413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Higher Symmetry Groups with Parity Mixing","authors":"R. Marshak, S. Okubo, J. Schechter, J. Wojtaszek","doi":"10.1143/PTPS.E65.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.E65.56","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20614,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement","volume":"1965 1","pages":"56-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1143/PTPS.E65.56","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64919738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Rearrangement of Symmetries in Dynamical Maps","authors":"L. Leplae, R. Sen, H. Umezawa","doi":"10.1143/PTPS.E65.637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.E65.637","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20614,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"637-650"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1143/PTPS.E65.637","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64920271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Possible G-Parity Nonconservation in Muon Capture Reactions : Angular Distribution of Recoils","authors":"M. Morita, R. Morita, T. Shirafuji","doi":"10.1143/PTPS.E65.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.E65.96","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20614,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement","volume":"65 1","pages":"96-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1143/PTPS.E65.96","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64920782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nuclear Force and the Bethe-Salpeter Equation","authors":"M. Kawaguchi","doi":"10.1143/PTPS.E65.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.E65.76","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20614,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement","volume":"65 1","pages":"76-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1143/PTPS.E65.76","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64920571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of spurions was introduced originally as a formal mathematical tool to express the selection rule Al/2 in the non-leptonic decay of strange particles. It is shown in the present article that spurions are of a deeper physical significance in that they can be used not only to express but also to derive selection rules in weak interactions. DYNAMICAL INTERPRETATION OF SPURIONS
{"title":"Dynamical Interpretation of Spurions","authors":"K. Nishijima, M. Saffouri","doi":"10.1143/PTPS.E65.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1143/PTPS.E65.207","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of spurions was introduced originally as a formal mathematical tool to express the selection rule Al/2 in the non-leptonic decay of strange particles. It is shown in the present article that spurions are of a deeper physical significance in that they can be used not only to express but also to derive selection rules in weak interactions. DYNAMICAL INTERPRETATION OF SPURIONS","PeriodicalId":20614,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement","volume":"1 1","pages":"207-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1143/PTPS.E65.207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64918631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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