Pub Date : 1999-06-23DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.1999.786974
P. Sturm, S. Maybank
We present a general algorithm for plane-based calibration that can deal with arbitrary numbers of views and calibration planes. The algorithm can simultaneously calibrate different views from a camera with variable intrinsic parameters and it is easy to incorporate known values of intrinsic parameters. For some minimal cases, we describe all singularities, naming the parameters that can not be estimated. Experimental results of our method are shown that exhibit the singularities while revealing good performance in non-singular conditions. Several applications of plane-based 3D geometry inference are discussed as well.
{"title":"On plane-based camera calibration: A general algorithm, singularities, applications","authors":"P. Sturm, S. Maybank","doi":"10.1109/CVPR.1999.786974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.1999.786974","url":null,"abstract":"We present a general algorithm for plane-based calibration that can deal with arbitrary numbers of views and calibration planes. The algorithm can simultaneously calibrate different views from a camera with variable intrinsic parameters and it is easy to incorporate known values of intrinsic parameters. For some minimal cases, we describe all singularities, naming the parameters that can not be estimated. Experimental results of our method are shown that exhibit the singularities while revealing good performance in non-singular conditions. Several applications of plane-based 3D geometry inference are discussed as well.","PeriodicalId":20644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No PR00149)","volume":"60 1","pages":"432-437 Vol. 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89320146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-23DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.1999.786963
K. Bowyer, C. Kranenburg, Sean Dougherty
A method is demonstrated to evaluate edge detector performance using receiver operating characteristic curves. It involves matching edges to manually specified ground truth to count true positive and false positive detections. Edge detector parameter settings are trained and tested on different images, and aggregate test ROC curves presented for two sets of 10 images. The performance of eight different edge detectors is compared. The Canny and Heitger detectors provide the best performance.
{"title":"Edge detector evaluation using empirical ROC curves","authors":"K. Bowyer, C. Kranenburg, Sean Dougherty","doi":"10.1109/CVPR.1999.786963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.1999.786963","url":null,"abstract":"A method is demonstrated to evaluate edge detector performance using receiver operating characteristic curves. It involves matching edges to manually specified ground truth to count true positive and false positive detections. Edge detector parameter settings are trained and tested on different images, and aggregate test ROC curves presented for two sets of 10 images. The performance of eight different edge detectors is compared. The Canny and Heitger detectors provide the best performance.","PeriodicalId":20644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No PR00149)","volume":"27 1","pages":"354-359 Vol. 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87273370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-23DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.1999.786937
J. Oliensis
This paper demonstrates the existence of a generic approximate ambiguity in Euclidean structure from motion (SFM) which applies to scenes with large depth variation. In projective SFM the ambiguity is absent, but the maximum-likelihood reconstruction is more likely to have occasional very large errors. The analysis gives a semi-quantitative characterization of the least-squares error surface over a domain complementary to that analyzed by Jepson/Heeger/Maybank.
{"title":"A new structure-from-motion ambiguity","authors":"J. Oliensis","doi":"10.1109/CVPR.1999.786937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.1999.786937","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates the existence of a generic approximate ambiguity in Euclidean structure from motion (SFM) which applies to scenes with large depth variation. In projective SFM the ambiguity is absent, but the maximum-likelihood reconstruction is more likely to have occasional very large errors. The analysis gives a semi-quantitative characterization of the least-squares error surface over a domain complementary to that analyzed by Jepson/Heeger/Maybank.","PeriodicalId":20644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No PR00149)","volume":"79 4 1","pages":"185-191 Vol. 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87942399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-23DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.1999.784603
S. Sclaroff, Lifeng Liu
A method for deformable shape detection and recognition is described. Deformable shape templates are used to partition the image into a globally consistent interpretation, determined in part by the minimum description length principle. Statistical shape models enforce the prior probabilities on global, parametric deformations for each object class. Once trained, the system autonomously segments deformed shapes from the background, while not merging them with adjacent objects or shadows. The formulation can be used to group image regions based on any image homogeneity predicate; e.g., texture, color or motion. The recovered shape models can be used directly in object recognition. Experiments with color imagery are reported.
{"title":"Deformable shape detection and description via model-based region grouping","authors":"S. Sclaroff, Lifeng Liu","doi":"10.1109/CVPR.1999.784603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.1999.784603","url":null,"abstract":"A method for deformable shape detection and recognition is described. Deformable shape templates are used to partition the image into a globally consistent interpretation, determined in part by the minimum description length principle. Statistical shape models enforce the prior probabilities on global, parametric deformations for each object class. Once trained, the system autonomously segments deformed shapes from the background, while not merging them with adjacent objects or shadows. The formulation can be used to group image regions based on any image homogeneity predicate; e.g., texture, color or motion. The recovered shape models can be used directly in object recognition. Experiments with color imagery are reported.","PeriodicalId":20644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No PR00149)","volume":"17 1","pages":"21-27 Vol. 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85047888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-23DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.1999.784648
N. Paragios, R. Deriche
This paper addresses the problem of tracking several non-rigid objects over a sequence of frames acquired from a static observer using boundary and region-based information under a coupled geodesic active contour framework. Given the current frame, a statistical analysis is performed on the observed difference frame which provides a measurement that distinguishes between the static and mobile regions in terms of conditional probabilities. An objective function is defined that integrates boundary-based and region-based module by seeking curves that attract the object boundaries and maximize the a posteriori segmentation probability on the interior curve regions with respect to intensity and motion properties. This function is minimized using a gradient descent method. The associated Euler-Lagrange PDE is implemented using a Level-Set approach, where a very fast front propagation algorithm evolves the initial curve towards the final tracking result. Very promising experimental results are provided using real video sequences.
{"title":"Unifying boundary and region-based information for geodesic active tracking","authors":"N. Paragios, R. Deriche","doi":"10.1109/CVPR.1999.784648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.1999.784648","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the problem of tracking several non-rigid objects over a sequence of frames acquired from a static observer using boundary and region-based information under a coupled geodesic active contour framework. Given the current frame, a statistical analysis is performed on the observed difference frame which provides a measurement that distinguishes between the static and mobile regions in terms of conditional probabilities. An objective function is defined that integrates boundary-based and region-based module by seeking curves that attract the object boundaries and maximize the a posteriori segmentation probability on the interior curve regions with respect to intensity and motion properties. This function is minimized using a gradient descent method. The associated Euler-Lagrange PDE is implemented using a Level-Set approach, where a very fast front propagation algorithm evolves the initial curve towards the final tracking result. Very promising experimental results are provided using real video sequences.","PeriodicalId":20644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No PR00149)","volume":"127 1","pages":"300-305 Vol. 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86587250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-23DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.1999.786993
C. Galambos, J. Kittler, Jiri Matas
We present a novel Hough Transform algorithm referred to as Progressive Probabilistic Hough Transform (PPHT). Unlike the Probabilistic HT where Standard HT is performed on a pre-selected fraction of input points, PPHT minimises the amount of computation needed to detect lines by exploiting the difference an the fraction of votes needed to detect reliably lines with different numbers of supporting points. The fraction of points used for voting need not be specified ad hoc or using a priori knowledge, as in the probabilistic HT; it is a function of the inherent complexity of the input data. The algorithm is ideally suited for real-time applications with a fixed amount of available processing time, since voting and line detection is interleaved. The most salient features are likely to be detected first. Experiments show that in many circumstances PPHT has advantages over the Standard HT.
{"title":"Progressive probabilistic Hough transform for line detection","authors":"C. Galambos, J. Kittler, Jiri Matas","doi":"10.1109/CVPR.1999.786993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.1999.786993","url":null,"abstract":"We present a novel Hough Transform algorithm referred to as Progressive Probabilistic Hough Transform (PPHT). Unlike the Probabilistic HT where Standard HT is performed on a pre-selected fraction of input points, PPHT minimises the amount of computation needed to detect lines by exploiting the difference an the fraction of votes needed to detect reliably lines with different numbers of supporting points. The fraction of points used for voting need not be specified ad hoc or using a priori knowledge, as in the probabilistic HT; it is a function of the inherent complexity of the input data. The algorithm is ideally suited for real-time applications with a fixed amount of available processing time, since voting and line detection is interleaved. The most salient features are likely to be detected first. Experiments show that in many circumstances PPHT has advantages over the Standard HT.","PeriodicalId":20644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No PR00149)","volume":"1 1","pages":"554-560 Vol. 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89712361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-23DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.1999.784623
Bea Thai, Glenn Healey
Color texture contains a large amount of spectral and spatial structure that can be exploited for recognition. Recent work has demonstrated that spatial filters offer a convenient means of extracting illumination invariant spatial information from a color image. In this paper, we address the problem of deriving optimal fillers for illumination-invariant color texture discrimination. Color textures are represented by a set of illumination-invariant features that characterize the color distribution of a filtered image region. Given a pair of color textures, we derive a spatial filter that maximizes the distance between these textures in feature space. We provide a method for using the pair-wise result to obtain a filter that maximizes discriminability among multiple classes. A set of experiments on a database of deterministic and random color textures obtained under different illumination conditions demonstrates the improved discriminatory power achieved by using an optimized filler.
{"title":"Spatial filter selection for illumination-invariant color texture discrimination","authors":"Bea Thai, Glenn Healey","doi":"10.1109/CVPR.1999.784623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.1999.784623","url":null,"abstract":"Color texture contains a large amount of spectral and spatial structure that can be exploited for recognition. Recent work has demonstrated that spatial filters offer a convenient means of extracting illumination invariant spatial information from a color image. In this paper, we address the problem of deriving optimal fillers for illumination-invariant color texture discrimination. Color textures are represented by a set of illumination-invariant features that characterize the color distribution of a filtered image region. Given a pair of color textures, we derive a spatial filter that maximizes the distance between these textures in feature space. We provide a method for using the pair-wise result to obtain a filter that maximizes discriminability among multiple classes. A set of experiments on a database of deterministic and random color textures obtained under different illumination conditions demonstrates the improved discriminatory power achieved by using an optimized filler.","PeriodicalId":20644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No PR00149)","volume":"7 1","pages":"154-159 Vol. 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90494267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-23DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.1999.786949
H. Farid, E. Adelson
The image of an object can vary dramatically depending on lighting, specularities/reflections and shadows. It is often advantageous to separate these incidental variations from the intrinsic aspects of an image. This paper describes how the statistical tool of independent components analysis can be used to separate some of these incidental components. We describe the details of this method and show its efficacy with examples of separating reflections off glass, and separating the relative contributions of individual light sources.
{"title":"Separating reflections and lighting using independent components analysis","authors":"H. Farid, E. Adelson","doi":"10.1109/CVPR.1999.786949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.1999.786949","url":null,"abstract":"The image of an object can vary dramatically depending on lighting, specularities/reflections and shadows. It is often advantageous to separate these incidental variations from the intrinsic aspects of an image. This paper describes how the statistical tool of independent components analysis can be used to separate some of these incidental components. We describe the details of this method and show its efficacy with examples of separating reflections off glass, and separating the relative contributions of individual light sources.","PeriodicalId":20644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No PR00149)","volume":"429 1","pages":"262-267 Vol. 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78191242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-23DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.1999.784622
T. Brodský, C. Fermüller, Y. Aloimonos
This paper presents a novel technique for recovering the shape of a static scene from a video sequence due to a rigidly moving camera. The solution procedure consists of two stages. In the first stage, the rigid motion of the camera at each instant in time is recovered. This provides the transformation between successive viewing positions. The solution is achieved through new constraints which relate 3D motion and shape directly to the image derivatives. These constraints allow to combine the processes of 3D motion estimation and segmentation by exploiting the geometry and statistics inherent in the data. In the second stage the scene surfaces are reconstructed through an optimization procedure which utilizes data from all the frames of the video sequence. A number of experimental results demonstrate the potential of the approach.
{"title":"Shape from video","authors":"T. Brodský, C. Fermüller, Y. Aloimonos","doi":"10.1109/CVPR.1999.784622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.1999.784622","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel technique for recovering the shape of a static scene from a video sequence due to a rigidly moving camera. The solution procedure consists of two stages. In the first stage, the rigid motion of the camera at each instant in time is recovered. This provides the transformation between successive viewing positions. The solution is achieved through new constraints which relate 3D motion and shape directly to the image derivatives. These constraints allow to combine the processes of 3D motion estimation and segmentation by exploiting the geometry and statistics inherent in the data. In the second stage the scene surfaces are reconstructed through an optimization procedure which utilizes data from all the frames of the video sequence. A number of experimental results demonstrate the potential of the approach.","PeriodicalId":20644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No PR00149)","volume":"78 1","pages":"146-151 Vol. 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79061110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-23DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.1999.786999
A. Colmenarez, B. Frey, Thomas S. Huang
We present a Bayesian recognition framework in which a model of the whole face is enhanced by models of facial feature position and appearances. Face recognition and facial expression recognition are carried out using maximum likelihood decisions. The algorithm finds the model and facial expression that maximizes the likelihood of a test image. In this framework, facial appearance matching is improved by facial expression matching. Also, changes in facial features due to expressions are used together with facial deformation. Patterns to jointly perform expression recognition. In our current implementation, the face is divided into 9 facial features grouped in 4 regions which are detected and tracked automatically in video segments. The feature images are modeled using Gaussian distributions on a principal component sub-space. The training procedure is supervised; we use video segments of people in which the facial expressions have been segmented and labeled by hand. We report results on face and facial expression recognition using a video database of 18 people and 6 expressions.
{"title":"A probabilistic framework for embedded face and facial expression recognition","authors":"A. Colmenarez, B. Frey, Thomas S. Huang","doi":"10.1109/CVPR.1999.786999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.1999.786999","url":null,"abstract":"We present a Bayesian recognition framework in which a model of the whole face is enhanced by models of facial feature position and appearances. Face recognition and facial expression recognition are carried out using maximum likelihood decisions. The algorithm finds the model and facial expression that maximizes the likelihood of a test image. In this framework, facial appearance matching is improved by facial expression matching. Also, changes in facial features due to expressions are used together with facial deformation. Patterns to jointly perform expression recognition. In our current implementation, the face is divided into 9 facial features grouped in 4 regions which are detected and tracked automatically in video segments. The feature images are modeled using Gaussian distributions on a principal component sub-space. The training procedure is supervised; we use video segments of people in which the facial expressions have been segmented and labeled by hand. We report results on face and facial expression recognition using a video database of 18 people and 6 expressions.","PeriodicalId":20644,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings. 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No PR00149)","volume":"20 1","pages":"592-597 Vol. 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85591623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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