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Proceedings. 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No PR00149)最新文献

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Progressive probabilistic Hough transform for line detection 渐进式概率霍夫变换用于线路检测
C. Galambos, J. Kittler, Jiri Matas
We present a novel Hough Transform algorithm referred to as Progressive Probabilistic Hough Transform (PPHT). Unlike the Probabilistic HT where Standard HT is performed on a pre-selected fraction of input points, PPHT minimises the amount of computation needed to detect lines by exploiting the difference an the fraction of votes needed to detect reliably lines with different numbers of supporting points. The fraction of points used for voting need not be specified ad hoc or using a priori knowledge, as in the probabilistic HT; it is a function of the inherent complexity of the input data. The algorithm is ideally suited for real-time applications with a fixed amount of available processing time, since voting and line detection is interleaved. The most salient features are likely to be detected first. Experiments show that in many circumstances PPHT has advantages over the Standard HT.
我们提出了一种新的霍夫变换算法,称为渐进概率霍夫变换(PPHT)。与概率HT不同的是,标准HT是在预先选择的部分输入点上执行的,PPHT通过利用差异和选票的比例来检测具有不同数量支撑点的可靠线,从而最大限度地减少了检测线所需的计算量。用于投票的分数不需要特别指定或使用先验知识,如在概率HT中;它是输入数据固有复杂性的函数。该算法非常适合具有固定可用处理时间的实时应用程序,因为投票和线路检测是交错的。最显著的特征可能首先被发现。实验表明,在许多情况下,PPHT比标准HT有优势。
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引用次数: 193
Edge detector evaluation using empirical ROC curves 基于经验ROC曲线的边缘检测器评价
K. Bowyer, C. Kranenburg, Sean Dougherty
A method is demonstrated to evaluate edge detector performance using receiver operating characteristic curves. It involves matching edges to manually specified ground truth to count true positive and false positive detections. Edge detector parameter settings are trained and tested on different images, and aggregate test ROC curves presented for two sets of 10 images. The performance of eight different edge detectors is compared. The Canny and Heitger detectors provide the best performance.
提出了一种利用接收机工作特性曲线评价边缘检测器性能的方法。它包括将边缘匹配到手动指定的基础真值,以计算真阳性和假阳性检测。在不同的图像上对边缘检测器参数设置进行训练和测试,并对两组10幅图像进行聚合测试ROC曲线。比较了八种不同边缘检测器的性能。Canny和Heitger探测器提供了最好的性能。
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引用次数: 412
A new structure-from-motion ambiguity 一种新的结构-运动歧义
J. Oliensis
This paper demonstrates the existence of a generic approximate ambiguity in Euclidean structure from motion (SFM) which applies to scenes with large depth variation. In projective SFM the ambiguity is absent, but the maximum-likelihood reconstruction is more likely to have occasional very large errors. The analysis gives a semi-quantitative characterization of the least-squares error surface over a domain complementary to that analyzed by Jepson/Heeger/Maybank.
本文论证了欧几里得运动结构(SFM)中存在一种通用的近似模糊性,该模糊性适用于深度变化较大的场景。在投影SFM中不存在歧义,但最大似然重建更有可能偶尔出现非常大的误差。该分析给出了与Jepson/Heeger/Maybank分析的互补域上的最小二乘误差曲面的半定量表征。
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引用次数: 43
Unifying boundary and region-based information for geodesic active tracking 统一基于边界和区域的测地线主动跟踪信息
N. Paragios, R. Deriche
This paper addresses the problem of tracking several non-rigid objects over a sequence of frames acquired from a static observer using boundary and region-based information under a coupled geodesic active contour framework. Given the current frame, a statistical analysis is performed on the observed difference frame which provides a measurement that distinguishes between the static and mobile regions in terms of conditional probabilities. An objective function is defined that integrates boundary-based and region-based module by seeking curves that attract the object boundaries and maximize the a posteriori segmentation probability on the interior curve regions with respect to intensity and motion properties. This function is minimized using a gradient descent method. The associated Euler-Lagrange PDE is implemented using a Level-Set approach, where a very fast front propagation algorithm evolves the initial curve towards the final tracking result. Very promising experimental results are provided using real video sequences.
本文解决了在耦合测地线主动轮廓框架下,利用基于边界和区域的信息从静态观测器获取的一系列帧上跟踪多个非刚性物体的问题。给定当前帧,对所观察到的差帧进行统计分析,该差帧提供了根据条件概率区分静态区域和移动区域的测量。通过寻找吸引目标边界的曲线,并根据强度和运动属性最大化内部曲线区域的后验分割概率,定义了一个基于边界和基于区域的模块相结合的目标函数。该函数使用梯度下降法最小化。相关的Euler-Lagrange PDE使用Level-Set方法实现,其中非常快速的前传播算法将初始曲线演变为最终跟踪结果。利用真实的视频序列,得到了很有希望的实验结果。
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引用次数: 110
A probabilistic framework for embedded face and facial expression recognition 嵌入式人脸和面部表情识别的概率框架
A. Colmenarez, B. Frey, Thomas S. Huang
We present a Bayesian recognition framework in which a model of the whole face is enhanced by models of facial feature position and appearances. Face recognition and facial expression recognition are carried out using maximum likelihood decisions. The algorithm finds the model and facial expression that maximizes the likelihood of a test image. In this framework, facial appearance matching is improved by facial expression matching. Also, changes in facial features due to expressions are used together with facial deformation. Patterns to jointly perform expression recognition. In our current implementation, the face is divided into 9 facial features grouped in 4 regions which are detected and tracked automatically in video segments. The feature images are modeled using Gaussian distributions on a principal component sub-space. The training procedure is supervised; we use video segments of people in which the facial expressions have been segmented and labeled by hand. We report results on face and facial expression recognition using a video database of 18 people and 6 expressions.
我们提出了一种贝叶斯识别框架,其中整个面部的模型通过面部特征位置和外观的模型来增强。人脸识别和面部表情识别使用最大似然决策进行。该算法找到模型和面部表情,使测试图像的可能性最大化。在该框架中,通过面部表情匹配对面部外观匹配进行改进。此外,由于表情引起的面部特征变化与面部变形一起使用。模式,共同进行表情识别。在我们目前的实现中,人脸被分为9个面部特征,分组在4个区域中,在视频片段中自动检测和跟踪。在主成分子空间上使用高斯分布对特征图像进行建模。培训过程受到监督;我们使用人们的视频片段,其中的面部表情被手工分割和标记。我们报告了使用18个人和6种表情的视频数据库进行面部和面部表情识别的结果。
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引用次数: 51
Face recognition using shape and texture 基于形状和纹理的人脸识别
Chengjun Liu, H. Wechsler
We introduce in this paper a new face coding and recognition method which employs the Enhanced FLD (Fisher Linear Discrimimant) Model (EFM) on integrated shape (vector) and texture ('shape-free' image) information. Shape encodes the feature geometry of a face while texture provides a normalized shape-free image by warping the original face image to the mean shape, i.e., the average of aligned shapes. The dimensionalities of the shape and the texture spaces are first reduced using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The corresponding but reduced shape find texture features are then integrated through a normalization procedure to form augmented features. The dimensionality reduction procedure, constrained by EFM for enhanced generalization, maintains a proper balance between the spectral energy needs of PCA for adequate representation, and the FLD discrimination requirements, that the eigenvalues of the within-class scatter matrix should not include small trailing values after the dimensionality reduction procedure as they appear in the denominator.
本文介绍了一种新的人脸编码和识别方法,该方法采用增强的Fisher线性判别模型(EFM)对形状(矢量)和纹理(“无形状”图像)信息进行集成。形状编码人脸的特征几何形状,而纹理通过将原始人脸图像扭曲为平均形状(即对齐形状的平均值)来提供标准化的无形状图像。首先利用主成分分析(PCA)对形状空间和纹理空间进行降维。然后通过归一化过程将相应的但被简化的形状查找纹理特征集成为增强特征。降维过程受EFM约束以增强泛化,在PCA的谱能量需求(以充分表示)和FLD判别要求(类内散点矩阵的特征值在降维过程后不应包含出现在分母中的小尾值)之间保持适当的平衡。
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引用次数: 17
Bias field estimation and adaptive segmentation of MRI data using a modified fuzzy C-means algorithm 基于改进模糊c均值算法的MRI数据偏置场估计与自适应分割
M. N. Ahmed, S. Yamany, A. Farag, T. Moriarty
In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for adaptive fuzzy segmentation of MRI data and estimation of intensity inhomogeneities using fuzzy logic. MRI intensity inhomogeneities can be attributed to imperfections in the RF coils or some problems associated with the acquisition sequences. The result is a slowly-varying shading artifact over the image that can produce errors with conventional intensity-based classification. Our algorithm is formulated by modifying the objective function of the standard fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm to compensate for such inhomogeneities and to allow the labeling of a pixel (voxel) to be influenced by the labels in its immediate neighborhood. The neighborhood effect acts as a regularizer and biases the solution towards piecewise-homogeneous labelings. Such a regularization is useful in segmenting scans corrupted by salt and pepper noise. Experimental results on both synthetic images and MR data are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
本文提出了一种利用模糊逻辑对MRI数据进行自适应模糊分割和强度不均匀性估计的新算法。MRI强度不均匀可归因于射频线圈的缺陷或与采集序列相关的一些问题。结果是图像上缓慢变化的阴影伪影,这可能会产生传统的基于强度的分类错误。我们的算法是通过修改标准模糊c均值(FCM)算法的目标函数来制定的,以补偿这种不均匀性,并允许像素(体素)的标记受到其邻近区域标签的影响。邻域效应作为正则化器,使解决方案偏向于分段同质标记。这种正则化在分割被椒盐噪声破坏的扫描时很有用。在合成图像和MR数据上的实验结果证明了该算法的有效性和高效性。
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引用次数: 73
Separating reflections and lighting using independent components analysis 使用独立组件分析分离反射和照明
H. Farid, E. Adelson
The image of an object can vary dramatically depending on lighting, specularities/reflections and shadows. It is often advantageous to separate these incidental variations from the intrinsic aspects of an image. This paper describes how the statistical tool of independent components analysis can be used to separate some of these incidental components. We describe the details of this method and show its efficacy with examples of separating reflections off glass, and separating the relative contributions of individual light sources.
物体的图像可以根据光照、镜面/反射和阴影而发生巨大变化。将这些偶然的变化与图像的内在方面分开通常是有利的。本文描述了如何使用独立成分分析的统计工具来分离这些附带成分。我们描述了这种方法的细节,并以分离玻璃反射和分离单个光源的相对贡献的例子说明了它的有效性。
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引用次数: 153
Shape from video 来自视频的形状
T. Brodský, C. Fermüller, Y. Aloimonos
This paper presents a novel technique for recovering the shape of a static scene from a video sequence due to a rigidly moving camera. The solution procedure consists of two stages. In the first stage, the rigid motion of the camera at each instant in time is recovered. This provides the transformation between successive viewing positions. The solution is achieved through new constraints which relate 3D motion and shape directly to the image derivatives. These constraints allow to combine the processes of 3D motion estimation and segmentation by exploiting the geometry and statistics inherent in the data. In the second stage the scene surfaces are reconstructed through an optimization procedure which utilizes data from all the frames of the video sequence. A number of experimental results demonstrate the potential of the approach.
本文提出了一种从视频序列中恢复静态场景形状的新技术。解决过程包括两个阶段。在第一阶段,恢复相机在每个时刻的刚体运动。这提供了连续观看位置之间的转换。该解决方案是通过将3D运动和形状直接与图像导数相关的新约束来实现的。这些约束允许通过利用数据中固有的几何和统计来结合3D运动估计和分割过程。在第二阶段,通过利用视频序列所有帧的数据的优化程序重构场景表面。大量的实验结果证明了该方法的潜力。
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引用次数: 16
Color edge detection with the compass operator 颜色边缘检测与罗盘操作符
Mark A. Ruzon, Carlo Tomasi
The compass operator detects step edges without assuming that the regions on either side have constant color. Using distributions of pixel colors rather than the mean, the operator finds the orientation of a diameter that maximizes the difference between two halves of a circular window. Junctions can also be detected by exploiting their lack of bilateral symmetry. This approach is superior to a multi-dimensional gradient method in situations that often result in false negatives, and it localizes edges better as scale increases.
罗盘操作符检测步长边缘,而不假设两边的区域具有恒定的颜色。使用像素颜色的分布而不是平均值,该算子找到一个直径的方向,使圆窗口的两半之间的差异最大化。连接也可以通过利用其缺乏双边对称性来检测。在经常导致假阴性的情况下,这种方法优于多维梯度方法,并且随着规模的增加,它可以更好地定位边缘。
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引用次数: 197
期刊
Proceedings. 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (Cat. No PR00149)
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