Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.424
Sung Kyeom Kim, 김 성겸, Jin Hyoung Lee, H. Lee, Sanggyu Lee, B. Mun, S. An, H. Lee, 이 진형, 이 희주, 이 상규, 문 보흠, 안 세웅, 이 희수
This study was carried out to estimate growth characteristics of hot pepper and to develop predicted models for the production yield based on the growth parameters and climatic elements. Sigmoid regressions for the prediction of growth parameters in terms of fresh and dry weight, plant height, and leaf area were designed with growing degree days (GDD). The biomass and leaf expansion of hot pepper plants were rapidly increased when 1,000 and 941 GDD. The relative growth rate (RGR) of hot pepper based on dry weight was formulated by Gaussian’s equation RGR (dry weight) = 0.0562 + 0.0004 × DAT − 0.00000557 × DAT and the yields of fresh and dry hot pepper at the 112 days after transplanting were estimated 1,387 and 291 kg/10a, respectively. Results indicated that the growth and yield of hot pepper were predicted by potential growth model under plastic tunnel cultivation. Thus, those models need to calibration and validation to estimate the efficacy of prediction yield in hot pepper using supplement a predicting model, which was based on the parameters and climatic elements. Additional key words : Capsicum annuum L., growing degree days, growth, prediction yield, relative growth rate
{"title":"Development of Prediction Growth and Yield Models by Growing Degree Days in Hot Pepper","authors":"Sung Kyeom Kim, 김 성겸, Jin Hyoung Lee, H. Lee, Sanggyu Lee, B. Mun, S. An, H. Lee, 이 진형, 이 희주, 이 상규, 문 보흠, 안 세웅, 이 희수","doi":"10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.424","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to estimate growth characteristics of hot pepper and to develop predicted models for the production yield based on the growth parameters and climatic elements. Sigmoid regressions for the prediction of growth parameters in terms of fresh and dry weight, plant height, and leaf area were designed with growing degree days (GDD). The biomass and leaf expansion of hot pepper plants were rapidly increased when 1,000 and 941 GDD. The relative growth rate (RGR) of hot pepper based on dry weight was formulated by Gaussian’s equation RGR (dry weight) = 0.0562 + 0.0004 × DAT − 0.00000557 × DAT and the yields of fresh and dry hot pepper at the 112 days after transplanting were estimated 1,387 and 291 kg/10a, respectively. Results indicated that the growth and yield of hot pepper were predicted by potential growth model under plastic tunnel cultivation. Thus, those models need to calibration and validation to estimate the efficacy of prediction yield in hot pepper using supplement a predicting model, which was based on the parameters and climatic elements. Additional key words : Capsicum annuum L., growing degree days, growth, prediction yield, relative growth rate","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87038444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.363
S. Kim, 김 성민, Jiseon Kim, Wook Oh, 김 지선
The succulent plants of Echeveria genus are in increasing demand worldwide, but it is difficult to supply good quality young plants throughout the year because propagation efficiencies are depend on cultivar and environmental factors. This study was carried out to investigate the propagation efficiencies of leaf cutting in Echeveria cultivars at different LED light qualities in a closed-type plant factory system. Leaf cuttings cut from stock plants of six difficult-to-propagated cultivars ‘Afterglow (AG)’, ‘Berkeley Light (BL)’, ‘Mason (MS)’, ‘Subsessilis Light (SL)’, ‘Cream Tea (CT)’, and ‘Ben Badis (BB)’ were put into cutting media in the plant factory system maintained at a temperature of 24±2C and relative humidity of 60±10%, and watered with over-head irrigation twice a week. Cuttings were irradiated with sole or mixed red (R, 660 nm), blue (B, 450 nm), green (G, 530 nm), and far-red (FR, 730 nm) LEDs as follows: R10, R8+B2, R5+B5, R7+B2+FR1, and R7+B2+G1. PPFD just above the cuttings was 200 μmol·m·s and photoperiod was 16/8 (light/dark) hours. As a result, propagation efficiencies were dependent on cultivar. Rooting and shooting were relatively easy in ‘SL’ but shoot formation in ‘AG’ was very difficult. Light qualities from LEDs also affected plant regeneration. Light conditions with a higher ratio of B, R5+B5, R7+B2+FR1, and R7+B2+G1, promoted shoot formation and growth but inhibited rooting and root growth. R10 and R8+B2 with a higher ratio of R promoted rooting and root growth and inhibited shoot formation and growth of cuttings. In addition, the treatment with FR increased leaf size and biomass of the all plants. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the optimum compositions of LED light quality for the improvement of leaf cutting efficiency in difficultto-propagated Echeveria cultivars. Additional key words : adventitious root formation, rooting rate, shoot induction, shooting rate, succulent plant
{"title":"Propagation Efficiencies at Different LED Light Qualities for Leaf Cutting of Six Echeveria Cultivars in a Plant Factory System","authors":"S. Kim, 김 성민, Jiseon Kim, Wook Oh, 김 지선","doi":"10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.363","url":null,"abstract":"The succulent plants of Echeveria genus are in increasing demand worldwide, but it is difficult to supply good quality young plants throughout the year because propagation efficiencies are depend on cultivar and environmental factors. This study was carried out to investigate the propagation efficiencies of leaf cutting in Echeveria cultivars at different LED light qualities in a closed-type plant factory system. Leaf cuttings cut from stock plants of six difficult-to-propagated cultivars ‘Afterglow (AG)’, ‘Berkeley Light (BL)’, ‘Mason (MS)’, ‘Subsessilis Light (SL)’, ‘Cream Tea (CT)’, and ‘Ben Badis (BB)’ were put into cutting media in the plant factory system maintained at a temperature of 24±2C and relative humidity of 60±10%, and watered with over-head irrigation twice a week. Cuttings were irradiated with sole or mixed red (R, 660 nm), blue (B, 450 nm), green (G, 530 nm), and far-red (FR, 730 nm) LEDs as follows: R10, R8+B2, R5+B5, R7+B2+FR1, and R7+B2+G1. PPFD just above the cuttings was 200 μmol·m·s and photoperiod was 16/8 (light/dark) hours. As a result, propagation efficiencies were dependent on cultivar. Rooting and shooting were relatively easy in ‘SL’ but shoot formation in ‘AG’ was very difficult. Light qualities from LEDs also affected plant regeneration. Light conditions with a higher ratio of B, R5+B5, R7+B2+FR1, and R7+B2+G1, promoted shoot formation and growth but inhibited rooting and root growth. R10 and R8+B2 with a higher ratio of R promoted rooting and root growth and inhibited shoot formation and growth of cuttings. In addition, the treatment with FR increased leaf size and biomass of the all plants. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the optimum compositions of LED light quality for the improvement of leaf cutting efficiency in difficultto-propagated Echeveria cultivars. Additional key words : adventitious root formation, rooting rate, shoot induction, shooting rate, succulent plant","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80672353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.12791/ksbec.2018.27.4.400
J. Kwon, 권 준국, I. Yu, K. Park, Jae-Han Lee, Jin-Hyun Kim, Jung-Sup Lee, Dong Soo Lee, 유 인호, 박 경섭, 이 재한, 김 진현, 이 중섭, 이 동수
In this experiment the effect of supplemental lighting on the growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. ‘Fresh’) plants during low radiation period of winter season were investigated in glasshouses using common high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps and newly developed plasma lighting system (PLS) lamps. Plants grown without supplemental lighting were considered as a control. Supplemental lighting was provided from November 20th, 2015 to March 15th, 2016 to ensure 14-hour photoperiod (natural+supplemental light), also lamps were operated automatically when the outside sun radiation levels were less than 100 W·m. Spectral analysis showed that HPS lamp had a discrete spectrum, lacked of the radiation in the 400-550 nm wave band (blue-green light), but had a high output in the orange-red region (550-650 nm). A higher red light output resulted in an increased red to far-red (R/FR) ratio in HPS lamp. PLS had a continuous spectrum and had a peak radiation in green region (490-550 nm). HPS has 12.6% lower output in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) but 12.6% higher output in near infra-red (NIR) spectral regions compared to PLS. Both HPS and PLS lamps emitted very low levels of ultra-violet radiation (300-400 nm). Supplemental lighting both from HPS and PLS lamps increased plant height, leaf number, internode number and dry weight of cucumber plants compared to control. Photosynthetic activity of cucumber plants grown under two supplemental lighting systems was comparable. Number of fruits per cucumber plant (fruit weight per plant) in control, PLS, and HPS plots were 21.2 (2.9 kg), 38.7 (5.5 kg), and 40.4 (5.6 kg), respectively, thereby increasing yield by 1.8-1.9 times in comparison with control. An analysis of the economic feasibility of supplemental lighting in cucumber cultivation showed that considering lamp installation and electricity costs the income from supplemental lighting increased by 37% and 62% for PLS and HPS lamps, respectively. Additional key words : artificial lighting, greenhouse, PAR, photosynthesis
{"title":"Supplemental Lighting by HPS and PLS Lamps Affects Growth and Yield of Cucumber during Low Radiation Period","authors":"J. Kwon, 권 준국, I. Yu, K. Park, Jae-Han Lee, Jin-Hyun Kim, Jung-Sup Lee, Dong Soo Lee, 유 인호, 박 경섭, 이 재한, 김 진현, 이 중섭, 이 동수","doi":"10.12791/ksbec.2018.27.4.400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/ksbec.2018.27.4.400","url":null,"abstract":"In this experiment the effect of supplemental lighting on the growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. ‘Fresh’) plants during low radiation period of winter season were investigated in glasshouses using common high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps and newly developed plasma lighting system (PLS) lamps. Plants grown without supplemental lighting were considered as a control. Supplemental lighting was provided from November 20th, 2015 to March 15th, 2016 to ensure 14-hour photoperiod (natural+supplemental light), also lamps were operated automatically when the outside sun radiation levels were less than 100 W·m. Spectral analysis showed that HPS lamp had a discrete spectrum, lacked of the radiation in the 400-550 nm wave band (blue-green light), but had a high output in the orange-red region (550-650 nm). A higher red light output resulted in an increased red to far-red (R/FR) ratio in HPS lamp. PLS had a continuous spectrum and had a peak radiation in green region (490-550 nm). HPS has 12.6% lower output in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) but 12.6% higher output in near infra-red (NIR) spectral regions compared to PLS. Both HPS and PLS lamps emitted very low levels of ultra-violet radiation (300-400 nm). Supplemental lighting both from HPS and PLS lamps increased plant height, leaf number, internode number and dry weight of cucumber plants compared to control. Photosynthetic activity of cucumber plants grown under two supplemental lighting systems was comparable. Number of fruits per cucumber plant (fruit weight per plant) in control, PLS, and HPS plots were 21.2 (2.9 kg), 38.7 (5.5 kg), and 40.4 (5.6 kg), respectively, thereby increasing yield by 1.8-1.9 times in comparison with control. An analysis of the economic feasibility of supplemental lighting in cucumber cultivation showed that considering lamp installation and electricity costs the income from supplemental lighting increased by 37% and 62% for PLS and HPS lamps, respectively. Additional key words : artificial lighting, greenhouse, PAR, photosynthesis","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77134009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.407
J. Kang, Hye Min Kim, Hye Min Kim, H. Jeong, H. Lee, H. Hwang, Byoung Ryong Jeong, N. Kang, S. Hwang
This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of application method and concentration of gibberellin A3 (GA3) on the growth, runner production, and seedling quality of strawberry plants (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Maehyang) during nursery period. The mother plants of strawberry were transplanted in pot (64 × 27 × 18 cm) filled with commercial growing medium on March 20, 2018. GA3 concentration was applied as 0, 50, 100 or 200 mg·L -1 with spray or drench to 45 mL per plant at 4 weeks after transplanting, respectively. Nutrient solution was supplied with the EC 1.5 dS·m after the transplanting and supplied 350 mL per pot twice a day (15 min per one time) after rooting. The growth characteristics of mother plants of strawberry were measured at 7 weeks after treatment, and growth characteristics of daughter plants of strawberry were measured at 10 weeks after treatment. Runner length and diameter of mother plant was the longest or thickest in the spray with 200 mg·L than the other treatments, respectively. Soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) value of mother plant was the lowest in spray with 200 mg·L. However, leaf length, leaf width, and crown diameter showed no significant differences in all treatment among application method and concentration of GA3. As the concentration of GA3 increased, physiological disorder like stretchiness of crown occurred more. The physiological disorder was the most occurred in spray treatment with 200 mg·L, but drench treatment occurred less than spray treatment. The number of runners and daughter plants increased with increasing concentration of GA3 regardless of application methods. In the growth characteristics of the daughter plants, leaf length and leaf width of first daughter plant, plant height, crown diameter, leaf area and SPAD value of second daughter plant, and plant height of third daughter plant were the significantly greatest in drench with 100 mg·L treatment. This results indicate that growth and runner production of mother plants and growth of daughter plants of strawberry were the best achieved by drench application in the 100 mg·L GA3. Additional key words : drench, Fragaria × ananassa, GA3, number of runners, spray
{"title":"Gibberellin Application Method and Concentration Affect to Growth, Runner, and Daughter Plant Production in ‘Maehyang’ Strawberry during Nursery Period","authors":"J. Kang, Hye Min Kim, Hye Min Kim, H. Jeong, H. Lee, H. Hwang, Byoung Ryong Jeong, N. Kang, S. Hwang","doi":"10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.407","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of application method and concentration of gibberellin A3 (GA3) on the growth, runner production, and seedling quality of strawberry plants (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Maehyang) during nursery period. The mother plants of strawberry were transplanted in pot (64 × 27 × 18 cm) filled with commercial growing medium on March 20, 2018. GA3 concentration was applied as 0, 50, 100 or 200 mg·L -1 with spray or drench to 45 mL per plant at 4 weeks after transplanting, respectively. Nutrient solution was supplied with the EC 1.5 dS·m after the transplanting and supplied 350 mL per pot twice a day (15 min per one time) after rooting. The growth characteristics of mother plants of strawberry were measured at 7 weeks after treatment, and growth characteristics of daughter plants of strawberry were measured at 10 weeks after treatment. Runner length and diameter of mother plant was the longest or thickest in the spray with 200 mg·L than the other treatments, respectively. Soil-plant analysis development (SPAD) value of mother plant was the lowest in spray with 200 mg·L. However, leaf length, leaf width, and crown diameter showed no significant differences in all treatment among application method and concentration of GA3. As the concentration of GA3 increased, physiological disorder like stretchiness of crown occurred more. The physiological disorder was the most occurred in spray treatment with 200 mg·L, but drench treatment occurred less than spray treatment. The number of runners and daughter plants increased with increasing concentration of GA3 regardless of application methods. In the growth characteristics of the daughter plants, leaf length and leaf width of first daughter plant, plant height, crown diameter, leaf area and SPAD value of second daughter plant, and plant height of third daughter plant were the significantly greatest in drench with 100 mg·L treatment. This results indicate that growth and runner production of mother plants and growth of daughter plants of strawberry were the best achieved by drench application in the 100 mg·L GA3. Additional key words : drench, Fragaria × ananassa, GA3, number of runners, spray","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85841674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.285
Hye Min Kim, 김 현민, H. Lee, H. Jeong, Hye Min Kim, S. Hwang, 이 혜리, 정 현우, 김 혜민, 황 승재
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of height suppression of cucumber and tomato plug seedlings as affected by mechanical stimulus using brushing as environment-friendly method. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. ‘Joeunbaekdadagi’) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Mini Chal’) seeds were sown in 40-cell plug trays (54 × 27.5 × 5 cm) filled with growing medium on Oct. 9, 2017. The cultivation environment in a venlo-type glasshouse was maintained as cultivation temperature range of 15 25C and the relative humidity of 50 ± 10%. Nontreatment and diniconazole (7.5 mg·L) application at 15 days after sowing were used as the control. In addition, brushing treatments in cucumber and tomato were applied interval of 2, 4 or 6 hrs for 15 and 20 days, respectively. Plant height, hypocotyl length, and internode length were inhibited for cucumber and tomato in the diniconazole treatment than in the control. The leaf size was reduced, both cucumber and tomato, while the SPAD increased under the diniconazole treatment. However, stem diameter of cucumber was the thickest in the 2 hrs brushing interval treatment. Fresh weights of shoot and root were the significantly lowest in the diniconazole treatment. Application of brushing improved seedlings quality by promoting dry weights of shoot and root, and compactness of tomato seedlings. The chlorophyll fluorescence of tomato seedlings drastically decreased with 2 hrs treatment, indicating that mechanical stress by brushing treatment. The relative growth rate of tomato seedlings was significantly lower in the diniconazole treatment, but cucumber seedlings were not significantly different in all treatments. As a results, height suppression of cucumber and tomato seedlings was best achievement in the diniconazole treatment by the chemical as growth regulator. In an environment-friendly point of view, however, it is considered that 2 hrs brushing interval treatment can be the applicability for replacing the chemical methods in plug seedling growth of cucumber and tomato. Additional key words : compactness, Cucumis sativus, mechanical stimulus, relative growth rate, Solanum lycopersicum
本研究旨在评价机械刺激对黄瓜和番茄花塞苗的抑高效果。2017年10月9日，将黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L. ' Joeunbaekdadagi ')和番茄(Solanum lycopersicum L. ' Mini Chal ')种子播种在充满培养基的40细胞塞盘(54 × 27.5 × 5cm)中。室内栽培环境保持栽培温度15 ~ 25℃，相对湿度50±10%。以不处理和播种后15 d施用双康唑(7.5 mg·L)为对照。此外，黄瓜和番茄的刷刷处理分别间隔2、4和6 h，连续施用15和20 d。二唑唑对黄瓜和番茄的株高、下胚轴长和节间长均有抑制作用。二唑唑处理使黄瓜和番茄叶片尺寸减小，SPAD增加。而刷膜间隔2 h处理的黄瓜茎粗最大。芽鲜重和根鲜重在二康唑处理下均显著最低。涂刷通过提高番茄苗的干重和根系干重，提高幼苗的密实度，改善了幼苗质量。处理2 h后，番茄幼苗叶绿素荧光急剧下降，表明刷刷处理造成了机械胁迫。二唑唑处理显著降低了番茄幼苗的相对生长率，而黄瓜幼苗在各处理间差异不显著。结果表明，以二唑唑作为生长调节剂处理黄瓜和番茄幼苗的抑高效果最好。但从环境友好的角度考虑，2 h的刷刷间隔处理可替代化学方法，适用于黄瓜和番茄的塞苗生长。附加关键词:密实度，黄瓜，机械刺激，相对生长速率，番茄
{"title":"Height Suppression of Cucumber and Tomato Plug Seedlings Using of Brushing Stimulus","authors":"Hye Min Kim, 김 현민, H. Lee, H. Jeong, Hye Min Kim, S. Hwang, 이 혜리, 정 현우, 김 혜민, 황 승재","doi":"10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.285","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effect of height suppression of cucumber and tomato plug seedlings as affected by mechanical stimulus using brushing as environment-friendly method. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. ‘Joeunbaekdadagi’) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. ‘Mini Chal’) seeds were sown in 40-cell plug trays (54 × 27.5 × 5 cm) filled with growing medium on Oct. 9, 2017. The cultivation environment in a venlo-type glasshouse was maintained as cultivation temperature range of 15 25C and the relative humidity of 50 ± 10%. Nontreatment and diniconazole (7.5 mg·L) application at 15 days after sowing were used as the control. In addition, brushing treatments in cucumber and tomato were applied interval of 2, 4 or 6 hrs for 15 and 20 days, respectively. Plant height, hypocotyl length, and internode length were inhibited for cucumber and tomato in the diniconazole treatment than in the control. The leaf size was reduced, both cucumber and tomato, while the SPAD increased under the diniconazole treatment. However, stem diameter of cucumber was the thickest in the 2 hrs brushing interval treatment. Fresh weights of shoot and root were the significantly lowest in the diniconazole treatment. Application of brushing improved seedlings quality by promoting dry weights of shoot and root, and compactness of tomato seedlings. The chlorophyll fluorescence of tomato seedlings drastically decreased with 2 hrs treatment, indicating that mechanical stress by brushing treatment. The relative growth rate of tomato seedlings was significantly lower in the diniconazole treatment, but cucumber seedlings were not significantly different in all treatments. As a results, height suppression of cucumber and tomato seedlings was best achievement in the diniconazole treatment by the chemical as growth regulator. In an environment-friendly point of view, however, it is considered that 2 hrs brushing interval treatment can be the applicability for replacing the chemical methods in plug seedling growth of cucumber and tomato. Additional key words : compactness, Cucumis sativus, mechanical stimulus, relative growth rate, Solanum lycopersicum","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84052067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.341
Eun-Hee So, 소 은희, J. An, J. K. Kim, Y. Yoon, So Jeong Park, J. Na, Kiyoung Choi, 안 진희, 김 재경, 윤 여중, 박 수정, 나 종국, 최 기영
To investigate the effect of light sources on the growth and photosynthesis of the dwarf apple rootstock M.9 for the production of standard seedlings, the plants were cultivated in a controlled environment for 6 weeks. The sources of light are six treatments [Red (R), Blue (B), White (W), RBUV (R7B3 containing UV-A), RBW (R3B1W1), SMF (high pressure sodium + metal halide + fluorescent lamp) under 154μmol·m·s. Growth characteristics of apple seedlings varied depending on artificial light source at 3 weeks and 6 weeks. The plant height of apple seedling was high in the R, RBUV, RBW, and SMF light sources at 3 weeks, and in the R light at 6 weeks. There was no significant difference on stem diameter among the treatments at 3 weeks, but showed high in RBUV and RBW light at 6 weeks. Leaf number was the highest in RBUV light at 3 and 6 weeks. The chlorophyll content (SPAD value) was high in the B and RBUV light at 3 weeks, but it was not significant at 6 weeks. The growth rate to height of the R light (1.12mm/day) was the highest among the treatments, followed by RBUV, RBW, SMF, W and then B. Leaf area was the highest in RBUV and RBW lowest in B. Specific leaf area was high in W and fresh and dry weight were high in RBUV. The photosynthetic rate at 6 weeks was highest in the B and lowest in the R. Stomatal conductivity and transpiration rate were higher in the B and W compared to the other light sources. Therefore, we are considered that light sources for growth of dwarf apple rootstock M.9 seedlings are suitable the R, RBUV, and RBW light sources with a high mixing ratio of Red and Red +Blue. Additional key words : growth rate to height, leaf area, leaf number, photosynthetic rate, stem diameter
{"title":"Effect of Artificial Light Sources on the Growth of Apple Rootstock M.9 Seedling","authors":"Eun-Hee So, 소 은희, J. An, J. K. Kim, Y. Yoon, So Jeong Park, J. Na, Kiyoung Choi, 안 진희, 김 재경, 윤 여중, 박 수정, 나 종국, 최 기영","doi":"10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.341","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the effect of light sources on the growth and photosynthesis of the dwarf apple rootstock M.9 for the production of standard seedlings, the plants were cultivated in a controlled environment for 6 weeks. The sources of light are six treatments [Red (R), Blue (B), White (W), RBUV (R7B3 containing UV-A), RBW (R3B1W1), SMF (high pressure sodium + metal halide + fluorescent lamp) under 154μmol·m·s. Growth characteristics of apple seedlings varied depending on artificial light source at 3 weeks and 6 weeks. The plant height of apple seedling was high in the R, RBUV, RBW, and SMF light sources at 3 weeks, and in the R light at 6 weeks. There was no significant difference on stem diameter among the treatments at 3 weeks, but showed high in RBUV and RBW light at 6 weeks. Leaf number was the highest in RBUV light at 3 and 6 weeks. The chlorophyll content (SPAD value) was high in the B and RBUV light at 3 weeks, but it was not significant at 6 weeks. The growth rate to height of the R light (1.12mm/day) was the highest among the treatments, followed by RBUV, RBW, SMF, W and then B. Leaf area was the highest in RBUV and RBW lowest in B. Specific leaf area was high in W and fresh and dry weight were high in RBUV. The photosynthetic rate at 6 weeks was highest in the B and lowest in the R. Stomatal conductivity and transpiration rate were higher in the B and W compared to the other light sources. Therefore, we are considered that light sources for growth of dwarf apple rootstock M.9 seedlings are suitable the R, RBUV, and RBW light sources with a high mixing ratio of Red and Red +Blue. Additional key words : growth rate to height, leaf area, leaf number, photosynthetic rate, stem diameter","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77886348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.319
M. Cheon, 천 미건, Yeongbong Kim, K. Hong, H. Kumar, Jin Gook Kim, 김 영봉, 홍 광표, 헤 라쓰무디얀셀라지, 김 진국
The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of different fertilizer combinations on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of ‘Duke’ blueberry cultivar and the water quality of growth medium. The experiment was carried out with three year old ‘Duke’ blueberry bushes which were cultivated in containers (60×80×40 cm) filled with 130 L peat moss and 40 L pearlite (v/v). Sawdust was used as the mulch in growth containers. Three different fertilizer combinations (FC) i.e., FC-1 consisted with standard solution, FC-2 consisted with nitrogen reduced by 10% from FC-1, and FC-3 consisted with nitrogen reduced by 20% from FC-1 were tested while, the ground water used as the control. The effects of different fertilizer combinations on shoot diameter, shoot length, number of shoots, leaf length, SPAD value (the relative content of chlorophyll), berry weight, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and yield per bush in ‘Duke’ blueberry were examined. Also, the effects of different fertilizer combinations on pH, EC, NH4 and NO3 in ‘Duke’ blueberry growth medium were monitored. The highest pH and lowest EC, NH4 and NO3 in growth medium was recorded with control treatment during the experiment period. The maximum shoot diameter (3.7 mm) and shoot length (35.7 cm) was recorded for the FC-1. Highest number of shoots (47%) were recorded from ‘Duke’ blueberry bushes supplemented with FC-1 compared to other treatments. The fertilizer combinations supplemented with nitrogen showed significant influence on leaf length and SPAD value compared to control ‘Duke’ blueberry bushes. However, the fruit quality attributes, i.e., berry weight, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity were not significant different among fertilizer treatments. The significantly highest yields per bush were recorded for FC-1, FC-2, and FC-3, as 2.2, 2.9, and 2.7 kg, respectively compared to control (0.2 kg). Although, the FC-1 was supplemented with highest nitrogen content it resulted low yield per bush while having high number of shoots and vigorous growth. Additional key words : fertilizer combination, hydroponics, vine growth, yield
{"title":"Bush Growth and Fruit Quality of ‘Duke’ Blueberry Influenced by Nutritional Composition in Unheated Plastic House","authors":"M. Cheon, 천 미건, Yeongbong Kim, K. Hong, H. Kumar, Jin Gook Kim, 김 영봉, 홍 광표, 헤 라쓰무디얀셀라지, 김 진국","doi":"10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.319","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of different fertilizer combinations on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of ‘Duke’ blueberry cultivar and the water quality of growth medium. The experiment was carried out with three year old ‘Duke’ blueberry bushes which were cultivated in containers (60×80×40 cm) filled with 130 L peat moss and 40 L pearlite (v/v). Sawdust was used as the mulch in growth containers. Three different fertilizer combinations (FC) i.e., FC-1 consisted with standard solution, FC-2 consisted with nitrogen reduced by 10% from FC-1, and FC-3 consisted with nitrogen reduced by 20% from FC-1 were tested while, the ground water used as the control. The effects of different fertilizer combinations on shoot diameter, shoot length, number of shoots, leaf length, SPAD value (the relative content of chlorophyll), berry weight, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and yield per bush in ‘Duke’ blueberry were examined. Also, the effects of different fertilizer combinations on pH, EC, NH4 and NO3 in ‘Duke’ blueberry growth medium were monitored. The highest pH and lowest EC, NH4 and NO3 in growth medium was recorded with control treatment during the experiment period. The maximum shoot diameter (3.7 mm) and shoot length (35.7 cm) was recorded for the FC-1. Highest number of shoots (47%) were recorded from ‘Duke’ blueberry bushes supplemented with FC-1 compared to other treatments. The fertilizer combinations supplemented with nitrogen showed significant influence on leaf length and SPAD value compared to control ‘Duke’ blueberry bushes. However, the fruit quality attributes, i.e., berry weight, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity were not significant different among fertilizer treatments. The significantly highest yields per bush were recorded for FC-1, FC-2, and FC-3, as 2.2, 2.9, and 2.7 kg, respectively compared to control (0.2 kg). Although, the FC-1 was supplemented with highest nitrogen content it resulted low yield per bush while having high number of shoots and vigorous growth. Additional key words : fertilizer combination, hydroponics, vine growth, yield","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74875413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.277
S. Nam, 남 상운, Hyun-Ho Shin, 신 현호
For the main variables to be selected by the designer for the heating and cooling load calculation in greenhouses, in order to evaluate the effect of these design values on the heating and cooling load, the simulations were carried out by varying the respective design values. Based on these results, we proposed the design values which should pay special attention to selection. The design values which have the greatest effect on the heating load were the overall heat transfer coefficient of the covering material and the design outdoor temperature was next. The effect of the design values according to the number of spans showed little difference. In the case of the single-span greenhouse, the effect of the design values related to the underground heat transfer can not be ignored. However, in the case of the multi-span greenhouse, the effect of the design values related to the underground heat transfer and the infiltration rate were insignificant. The design values which have the greatest effect on the cooling load were the solar radiation into the greenhouse and the evapotranspiration coefficient, followed by the indoor and outdoor temperature difference and the ventilation rate. The effect of the design values showed a great difference between the single-span greenhouse and the multi-span greenhouse, but there was almost no difference according to the number of spans. The effect of the overall heat transfer coefficient of the covering material was negligible in both the singlespan greenhouse and the multi-span greenhouse. However, the effect of the indoor and outdoor temperature difference and the ventilation rate on the cooling load was not negligible. Especially, it is considered that the effect is larger in multi-span greenhouse. Additional key words : evapotranspiration coefficient, greenhouse design, outdoor design condition, overall heat transfer coefficient, ventilation rate
{"title":"Effect of Design Value Selection on Heating and Cooling Load Calculation in Greenhouses","authors":"S. Nam, 남 상운, Hyun-Ho Shin, 신 현호","doi":"10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.277","url":null,"abstract":"For the main variables to be selected by the designer for the heating and cooling load calculation in greenhouses, in order to evaluate the effect of these design values on the heating and cooling load, the simulations were carried out by varying the respective design values. Based on these results, we proposed the design values which should pay special attention to selection. The design values which have the greatest effect on the heating load were the overall heat transfer coefficient of the covering material and the design outdoor temperature was next. The effect of the design values according to the number of spans showed little difference. In the case of the single-span greenhouse, the effect of the design values related to the underground heat transfer can not be ignored. However, in the case of the multi-span greenhouse, the effect of the design values related to the underground heat transfer and the infiltration rate were insignificant. The design values which have the greatest effect on the cooling load were the solar radiation into the greenhouse and the evapotranspiration coefficient, followed by the indoor and outdoor temperature difference and the ventilation rate. The effect of the design values showed a great difference between the single-span greenhouse and the multi-span greenhouse, but there was almost no difference according to the number of spans. The effect of the overall heat transfer coefficient of the covering material was negligible in both the singlespan greenhouse and the multi-span greenhouse. However, the effect of the indoor and outdoor temperature difference and the ventilation rate on the cooling load was not negligible. Especially, it is considered that the effect is larger in multi-span greenhouse. Additional key words : evapotranspiration coefficient, greenhouse design, outdoor design condition, overall heat transfer coefficient, ventilation rate","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83896632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.356
M. H. Jo, 조 명희, J. Shin, 신 종화
Hot pepper is a kind of seasoning vegetables, which is a major item in the Korean vegetable market. Since the use of hot pepper is processed into pepper powder, which is a powder form of dried hot pepper, improvement of quality and productivity of dried hot pepper is important. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to suggest proper drying method by comparing the changes of hot pepper powder ingredients considering production cost according to the drying method. As a drying method, we used sun drying and heat drying which are widely used in practice. We also compared the productivity and quality of dried hot pepper by applying a dehumidifying drying method using a dehumidifier. Drying rate of hot pepper was highest of 85.1% at heat drying. Accordingly moisture content of hot pepper powder was lowest of 13.5% at heat drying. The American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) color value, which influenced the coloring of red pepper, showed higher in heat drying and dehumidified drying treatment than the sun drying treatment. The content of capsaicinoids was higher at sun drying treatment than that of at both heat drying and dehumidified drying treatments. The content of sugar was higher at heat drying and dehumidified drying treatment where drying time was relatively short than that of sun drying treatment. Also, there was no significant difference in sugar content between the two treatments. The production cost of dried hot pepper with dehumidified drying was 9.9% more efficient than heat drying. Through this study, it was found that heat and dehumidified drying method were effective in increasing sugar content and coloring of hot pepper powder. In order to improve the capsaicinoid content of red pepper, it is considered that appropriate drying temperature and drying time should be added in the process of heat drying and dehumidified drying. Additional key words : dried pepper, dehumidification drying, heat drying, pepper drying, sun drying
{"title":"Comparison of Dried Hot Pepper Quality and Production Efficiency by Drying Methods","authors":"M. H. Jo, 조 명희, J. Shin, 신 종화","doi":"10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.356","url":null,"abstract":"Hot pepper is a kind of seasoning vegetables, which is a major item in the Korean vegetable market. Since the use of hot pepper is processed into pepper powder, which is a powder form of dried hot pepper, improvement of quality and productivity of dried hot pepper is important. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to suggest proper drying method by comparing the changes of hot pepper powder ingredients considering production cost according to the drying method. As a drying method, we used sun drying and heat drying which are widely used in practice. We also compared the productivity and quality of dried hot pepper by applying a dehumidifying drying method using a dehumidifier. Drying rate of hot pepper was highest of 85.1% at heat drying. Accordingly moisture content of hot pepper powder was lowest of 13.5% at heat drying. The American Spice Trade Association (ASTA) color value, which influenced the coloring of red pepper, showed higher in heat drying and dehumidified drying treatment than the sun drying treatment. The content of capsaicinoids was higher at sun drying treatment than that of at both heat drying and dehumidified drying treatments. The content of sugar was higher at heat drying and dehumidified drying treatment where drying time was relatively short than that of sun drying treatment. Also, there was no significant difference in sugar content between the two treatments. The production cost of dried hot pepper with dehumidified drying was 9.9% more efficient than heat drying. Through this study, it was found that heat and dehumidified drying method were effective in increasing sugar content and coloring of hot pepper powder. In order to improve the capsaicinoid content of red pepper, it is considered that appropriate drying temperature and drying time should be added in the process of heat drying and dehumidified drying. Additional key words : dried pepper, dehumidification drying, heat drying, pepper drying, sun drying","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81521517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.3.206
Hyun-Yong Lee, E. Park, Donghui Shin, J. Choe, Tae Wook Kim
{"title":"Development of Raising Device for Greenhouse Column Using a Pneumatic Cylinder","authors":"Hyun-Yong Lee, E. Park, Donghui Shin, J. Choe, Tae Wook Kim","doi":"10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.3.206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.3.206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82304677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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