Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.332
K. Park, 박 경섭, D. Kwon, J. Lee, J. Son, 권 대영, 이 준우, 손 정익
Supplemental lighting with artificial light sources is a practical method that enables normal growth and enhances the yield and quality of fruit vegetable in greenhouses. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sulfur plasma lamp (SP) and high-pressure sodium lamp (HPS) as supplemental lighting sources on the growth and yield of paprika. For investigating the effectiveness of SP and HPS lamps on paprika, the effects of primary lighting on plant growth were compared in growth chambers and those of supplemental lighting were also compared in greenhouses. In the growth chamber, plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh weight, and dry weight were measured weekly at SP and HPS from 2 weeks after transplanting. In the greenhouse, no supplemental lighting (only sunlight) was considered as the control. The supplemental lights were turned on when outside radiation became below 100 W·m from 07:00 to 21:00. From 3 weeks after supplemental lighting, the growth was measured weekly, while the number and weight of paprika fruits measured every two weeks. In the growth chamber, the growth of paprika at SP was better than at HPS due to the higher photosynthetic rate. In the greenhouse, the yield was higher under sunlight with either HPS or SP than sunlight only (control). No significant differences were observed in plant height, number of node, leaf length, and fresh and dry weights between SP and HPS. However, at harvest, the number of fruits rather than the weight of fruits were higher at SP due to the enhancement of fruiting numbers and photosynthesis. SP showed a light spectrum similar to sunlight, but higher PAR and photon flux sum of red and far-red wavelengths than HPS, which increased the photosynthesis and yield of paprika. Additional key words : greenhouse, growth chamber, light spectrum, sunlight, supplemental lighting
{"title":"Comparing Photosynthesis, Growth, and Yield of Paprika (Capsicum annuum L. ‘Cupra’) under Supplemental Sulfur Plasma and High-Pressure Sodium Lamps in Growth Chambers and Greenhouses","authors":"K. Park, 박 경섭, D. Kwon, J. Lee, J. Son, 권 대영, 이 준우, 손 정익","doi":"10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.332","url":null,"abstract":"Supplemental lighting with artificial light sources is a practical method that enables normal growth and enhances the yield and quality of fruit vegetable in greenhouses. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sulfur plasma lamp (SP) and high-pressure sodium lamp (HPS) as supplemental lighting sources on the growth and yield of paprika. For investigating the effectiveness of SP and HPS lamps on paprika, the effects of primary lighting on plant growth were compared in growth chambers and those of supplemental lighting were also compared in greenhouses. In the growth chamber, plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh weight, and dry weight were measured weekly at SP and HPS from 2 weeks after transplanting. In the greenhouse, no supplemental lighting (only sunlight) was considered as the control. The supplemental lights were turned on when outside radiation became below 100 W·m from 07:00 to 21:00. From 3 weeks after supplemental lighting, the growth was measured weekly, while the number and weight of paprika fruits measured every two weeks. In the growth chamber, the growth of paprika at SP was better than at HPS due to the higher photosynthetic rate. In the greenhouse, the yield was higher under sunlight with either HPS or SP than sunlight only (control). No significant differences were observed in plant height, number of node, leaf length, and fresh and dry weights between SP and HPS. However, at harvest, the number of fruits rather than the weight of fruits were higher at SP due to the enhancement of fruiting numbers and photosynthesis. SP showed a light spectrum similar to sunlight, but higher PAR and photon flux sum of red and far-red wavelengths than HPS, which increased the photosynthesis and yield of paprika. Additional key words : greenhouse, growth chamber, light spectrum, sunlight, supplemental lighting","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74154680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.294
A. Rasheed, 라 쉬드아드난, J. W. Lee, H. W. Lee, 이 종원, 이 현우
In winter, thermal screens are widely used to reduce heat loss from greenhouse to save energy. Unfortunately, not much data are available to the farmer to compare thermal screens while selecting the one that meets their specific requirements. Thus, there is a need to investigate the thermal performance of thermal screens. To address this issue, the Building Energy Simulation (BES) model of a hot box was used to calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient (U-value) of the thermal screens. To validate the model, computed and experimental U-values of singleand double-layered polyethylene (PE) material were compared. This validated model was used to predict the U-values of the selected thermal screens under defined weather conditions. We quantified the U-values of each selected material and significant changes in their U-values were noted in response to different weather conditions. Notably, the thermal properties of the tested screens were taken from the previous literature to calculate U-values using the BES model. The U-values of the thermal screens can help researchers and farmers evaluate their screens and make pre-design decisions that suit their investment capabilities. Additional key words: heat loss, energy saving, greenhouse heating, night sky radiation, TRNSYS
{"title":"Evaluation of Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient of Different Greenhouse Thermal Screens Using Building Energy Simulation","authors":"A. Rasheed, 라 쉬드아드난, J. W. Lee, H. W. Lee, 이 종원, 이 현우","doi":"10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.294","url":null,"abstract":"In winter, thermal screens are widely used to reduce heat loss from greenhouse to save energy. Unfortunately, not much data are available to the farmer to compare thermal screens while selecting the one that meets their specific requirements. Thus, there is a need to investigate the thermal performance of thermal screens. To address this issue, the Building Energy Simulation (BES) model of a hot box was used to calculate the overall heat transfer coefficient (U-value) of the thermal screens. To validate the model, computed and experimental U-values of singleand double-layered polyethylene (PE) material were compared. This validated model was used to predict the U-values of the selected thermal screens under defined weather conditions. We quantified the U-values of each selected material and significant changes in their U-values were noted in response to different weather conditions. Notably, the thermal properties of the tested screens were taken from the previous literature to calculate U-values using the BES model. The U-values of the thermal screens can help researchers and farmers evaluate their screens and make pre-design decisions that suit their investment capabilities. Additional key words: heat loss, energy saving, greenhouse heating, night sky radiation, TRNSYS","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83158278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.349
K. Joung, 정 경희, Hyo Jin, J. An, H. Yoon, Sang Suk Oh, C. Lim, Y. Um, Heedae Kim, K. Hong, Seong Min Park, 진 효정, 안 재욱, 윤 혜숙, 오 상석, 임 채신, 엄 영철, 김 희대, 홍 광표, 박 성민
This study was aimed at predicting the yield of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) through analyzing the growth characteristics, yield pattern and greenhouse environment. In the greenhouse of the Gyeongnam area (667 m above sea level), the red paprika ‘Cupra’ and the yellow paprika ‘Fiesta’ were grown from July 5, 2016 to July 15, 2017. The planting density was 3.66 plants/m and attracted 2 stems. During the cultivation period, the average external radiation of the glasshouse was 14.36 MJ/m/day and the internal average temperature was controlled as 20.1C. After 42 weeks of planting, the growth rate of ‘Cupra’ was 7.3 cm/week and that of ‘Fiesta’ was 6.9 cm/week. The first fruit setting of ‘Cupra’ appeared at 1.0th node and ‘Fiesta’ at 2.7th node. The first harvest of 'Fiesta' was 11 weeks after planting and 'Fiesta' was 14 weeks. Comparing the yield per 10 a until the end of the cultivation in July, ‘Fiesta’ was 19,307 kg, which was 2.4% higher than that of ‘Cupra’. And the fruit weight ratio of over 200 g of ‘Cupra’ was 27.7% which was 7.7% higher than that of ‘Fiesta’. The average required days to harvest after fruit setting of ‘Cupra’ was 72.6 days and ‘Fiesta’ was 63.8 days. According to the relationship between the average required days to harvest and the cumulative radiation (during from fruit setting to harvest), the more radiation increases the less required days to harvest increases after February. In terms of yield, ‘Cupra’ increased in yield as the cumulative radiation increased, while ‘Fiesta’ showed an irregular pattern. Cumulative radiation from fruit setting to harvest was negatively correlated with required days to harvest after February in both cultivars. But in relation to yield, there were difference between ‘Cupra’ and ‘Fiesta’. Additional key words : Capsicum annuum L., Growth pattern, Ratio of fruit weight, Required days to harvest
{"title":"Analysis of Growth Characteristics and Yield Pattern of ‘Cupra’ and ‘Fiesta’ Paprika for Yield Prediction","authors":"K. Joung, 정 경희, Hyo Jin, J. An, H. Yoon, Sang Suk Oh, C. Lim, Y. Um, Heedae Kim, K. Hong, Seong Min Park, 진 효정, 안 재욱, 윤 혜숙, 오 상석, 임 채신, 엄 영철, 김 희대, 홍 광표, 박 성민","doi":"10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.349","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at predicting the yield of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) through analyzing the growth characteristics, yield pattern and greenhouse environment. In the greenhouse of the Gyeongnam area (667 m above sea level), the red paprika ‘Cupra’ and the yellow paprika ‘Fiesta’ were grown from July 5, 2016 to July 15, 2017. The planting density was 3.66 plants/m and attracted 2 stems. During the cultivation period, the average external radiation of the glasshouse was 14.36 MJ/m/day and the internal average temperature was controlled as 20.1C. After 42 weeks of planting, the growth rate of ‘Cupra’ was 7.3 cm/week and that of ‘Fiesta’ was 6.9 cm/week. The first fruit setting of ‘Cupra’ appeared at 1.0th node and ‘Fiesta’ at 2.7th node. The first harvest of 'Fiesta' was 11 weeks after planting and 'Fiesta' was 14 weeks. Comparing the yield per 10 a until the end of the cultivation in July, ‘Fiesta’ was 19,307 kg, which was 2.4% higher than that of ‘Cupra’. And the fruit weight ratio of over 200 g of ‘Cupra’ was 27.7% which was 7.7% higher than that of ‘Fiesta’. The average required days to harvest after fruit setting of ‘Cupra’ was 72.6 days and ‘Fiesta’ was 63.8 days. According to the relationship between the average required days to harvest and the cumulative radiation (during from fruit setting to harvest), the more radiation increases the less required days to harvest increases after February. In terms of yield, ‘Cupra’ increased in yield as the cumulative radiation increased, while ‘Fiesta’ showed an irregular pattern. Cumulative radiation from fruit setting to harvest was negatively correlated with required days to harvest after February in both cultivars. But in relation to yield, there were difference between ‘Cupra’ and ‘Fiesta’. Additional key words : Capsicum annuum L., Growth pattern, Ratio of fruit weight, Required days to harvest","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91172347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.391
M. Choi, 최 만권, Hee-ryong Ryu, M. Cho, I. Yu, 류 희룡, 조 명환, 유 인호
In this paper, experimental study performed on steel-pipe connections for structural members of a greenhouse is presented. By those experiments performed, bending moment, deformation and stress distribution of specimens were investigated under four point bending test. The bending performance according to connection method using pin and the stretching is also investigated. The results of bending performance of the no connection specimen were compared to those of other connection specimens. The pin and stretching connection specimens showed lower banding performance than the no connection specimen. The stretching connection method was relatively higher bending performance than the pin connection specimens. According to the results, we proposed the connection method with good bending performance that can be applied to steel-pipe connection in greenhouse. Additional key words : 4 point bending test, bending moment, joint, vinyl-house
{"title":"Evaluation of Steel-Pipe Connections in Plastic Greenhouse Using Bending Test","authors":"M. Choi, 최 만권, Hee-ryong Ryu, M. Cho, I. Yu, 류 희룡, 조 명환, 유 인호","doi":"10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.391","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, experimental study performed on steel-pipe connections for structural members of a greenhouse is presented. By those experiments performed, bending moment, deformation and stress distribution of specimens were investigated under four point bending test. The bending performance according to connection method using pin and the stretching is also investigated. The results of bending performance of the no connection specimen were compared to those of other connection specimens. The pin and stretching connection specimens showed lower banding performance than the no connection specimen. The stretching connection method was relatively higher bending performance than the pin connection specimens. According to the results, we proposed the connection method with good bending performance that can be applied to steel-pipe connection in greenhouse. Additional key words : 4 point bending test, bending moment, joint, vinyl-house","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75172413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.381
D. Jang, 장 동철, Young-woo Kwon, K. Choi, Ii-Seop Kim, 권 용우, 최 기영, 김 일섭
This study was conducted to examine the growth characteristics of seedlings of several major fruit vegetables and compare them between plants grown with the conventional plug seedling system (Plug) and those grown with the cylindrical paper pot system (CPP). There were no significant differences in shoot growth characteristics, such as plant height, leaf area, dry weight, and fresh weight, between tomato, cucumber, and watermelon plants grown with the CPP and Plug systems. The total root lengths of tomato and cucumber plants grown with Plug were longer than those grown with CPP at the beginning of seedling growth, and the total root lengths of watermelon grown with Plug were longer than those grown with CPP throughout the whole seedling period. The length of root that separated five steps according to the diameter of the root of tomato did not differ between CPP and Plug, but those of cucumber and watermelon were 20-251% longer with Plug than with CPP for all kinds of roots. The fresh weight of Plug-grown tomato roots was about 30% heavier than that of CPP-grown tomato during the seedling period, but the difference decreased as growth progressed. Finally, there was no difference between plants before and after transplanting. The fresh weights of the Plug-grown plants were about 20-30% heavier than those of CPP-grown ones in terms of the whole seedling. After transplanting to the Wagner pot, the shoot growth of Plug-grown watermelon plants in terms of dry weight was low until 7 days had passed. However, this tendency was reversed from 8 days after transplantation onward. In conclusion, there were no significance differences in the growth of shoots between plants grown with the CPP and Plug systems. However, root development was better with Plug than with CPP. Additional key words : Tomato, Cucumber, Watermelon, Seedling quality, Compactness, Root development
{"title":"Comparison of Growth Characteristics Fruit Vegetable Seedlings Grown on Cylindrical Paper Pot Trays of Plug Trays","authors":"D. Jang, 장 동철, Young-woo Kwon, K. Choi, Ii-Seop Kim, 권 용우, 최 기영, 김 일섭","doi":"10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.381","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to examine the growth characteristics of seedlings of several major fruit vegetables and compare them between plants grown with the conventional plug seedling system (Plug) and those grown with the cylindrical paper pot system (CPP). There were no significant differences in shoot growth characteristics, such as plant height, leaf area, dry weight, and fresh weight, between tomato, cucumber, and watermelon plants grown with the CPP and Plug systems. The total root lengths of tomato and cucumber plants grown with Plug were longer than those grown with CPP at the beginning of seedling growth, and the total root lengths of watermelon grown with Plug were longer than those grown with CPP throughout the whole seedling period. The length of root that separated five steps according to the diameter of the root of tomato did not differ between CPP and Plug, but those of cucumber and watermelon were 20-251% longer with Plug than with CPP for all kinds of roots. The fresh weight of Plug-grown tomato roots was about 30% heavier than that of CPP-grown tomato during the seedling period, but the difference decreased as growth progressed. Finally, there was no difference between plants before and after transplanting. The fresh weights of the Plug-grown plants were about 20-30% heavier than those of CPP-grown ones in terms of the whole seedling. After transplanting to the Wagner pot, the shoot growth of Plug-grown watermelon plants in terms of dry weight was low until 7 days had passed. However, this tendency was reversed from 8 days after transplantation onward. In conclusion, there were no significance differences in the growth of shoots between plants grown with the CPP and Plug systems. However, root development was better with Plug than with CPP. Additional key words : Tomato, Cucumber, Watermelon, Seedling quality, Compactness, Root development","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84588170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.12791/ksbec.2018.27.4.302
T. Seo, 서 태철, S. An, H. Jang, C. Nam, H. Chun, Young chul Kim, Taegu Kang, Sang Hee Lee, 안 세웅, 장 현우, 남 춘우, 김 영철, 강 태경, 이 상희
Using cylindrical paper pot nursery method, three kinds of commercial tomatoes ‘Dafnis’, ‘DOTAERANG DIA’ and ‘Maescala’ were grafted onto a commercial rootstock ‘B blocking’. From 10 to 40 days after graft-take, growth traits of seedlings were investigated by 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0S treatments of standard nutrient solution(S) for seedling growth, and top to root ratio(TRR), compactness(CP) and Dickson Quality Index(DQI) were calculated. Two weeks after transplanting of the seedlings under three different night temperature targeting to 10, 15, and 25C, which were not precisely controlled, the relative growth rate (RGR) was investigated. The quantitative growth traits of grafted seedlings increased with increasing fertilizer concentration, and various range of seedling size could be produced. Compactness and DQI were significantly regressed (Adj R = 0.9480). Short-term RGR after transplanting was higher at 1.0S treatment of standard nutrient solution at the seedling age of 30 days and 40 days after grafttake(DAGT). DQI and RGR were significantly regressed linearly at respective fertigation strength. Specially the diminishing slope of RGR was lower at 1.0S fertigation strength with the increase of DQI than others. The results indicate that DQI could be applied as a quality index of grafted tomato seedlings and the relation analysis between DQI and short-term RGR also could be used to determine the good quality seedlings of grafted tomato grown in cylindrical paper pot. Additional key words : raising seedling, determination, criteria, performance, absolute growth rate
采用圆柱形纸盆育苗方法，将“Dafnis”、“DOTAERANG DIA”和“Maescala”三种商业番茄嫁接到“B block”商业砧木上。在嫁接后10 ~ 40 d，分别用0.5、1.0和2.0S的标准营养液(S)处理幼苗生长，研究幼苗的生长性状，并计算顶根比(TRR)、密实度(CP)和Dickson质量指数(DQI)。苗木移栽2周后，在10、15、25℃3种夜间温度条件下进行相对生长率(RGR)测定。嫁接苗的数量生长性状随施肥浓度的增加而增加，可产生不同大小的苗。密实度和DQI显著回归(Adj R = 0.9480)。苗龄30 d和嫁接后40 d (DAGT)标准营养液处理1.0S时，移栽后短期RGR较高。DQI和RGR在不同施肥强度下呈显著线性回归。特别是在1.0S施肥强度下，随着DQI的增加，RGR的递减斜率较低。结果表明，DQI可作为番茄嫁接苗的质量指标，DQI与短期RGR的关系分析也可用于判断纸筒盆栽番茄嫁接苗的质量。附加关键词:育苗、测定、标准、性能、绝对生长率
{"title":"An Approach to Determine the Good Seedling Quality of Grafted Tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum) Grown in Cylindrical Paper Pot Through the Relation Analysis between DQI and Short-Term Relative Growth Rate","authors":"T. Seo, 서 태철, S. An, H. Jang, C. Nam, H. Chun, Young chul Kim, Taegu Kang, Sang Hee Lee, 안 세웅, 장 현우, 남 춘우, 김 영철, 강 태경, 이 상희","doi":"10.12791/ksbec.2018.27.4.302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/ksbec.2018.27.4.302","url":null,"abstract":"Using cylindrical paper pot nursery method, three kinds of commercial tomatoes ‘Dafnis’, ‘DOTAERANG DIA’ and ‘Maescala’ were grafted onto a commercial rootstock ‘B blocking’. From 10 to 40 days after graft-take, growth traits of seedlings were investigated by 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0S treatments of standard nutrient solution(S) for seedling growth, and top to root ratio(TRR), compactness(CP) and Dickson Quality Index(DQI) were calculated. Two weeks after transplanting of the seedlings under three different night temperature targeting to 10, 15, and 25C, which were not precisely controlled, the relative growth rate (RGR) was investigated. The quantitative growth traits of grafted seedlings increased with increasing fertilizer concentration, and various range of seedling size could be produced. Compactness and DQI were significantly regressed (Adj R = 0.9480). Short-term RGR after transplanting was higher at 1.0S treatment of standard nutrient solution at the seedling age of 30 days and 40 days after grafttake(DAGT). DQI and RGR were significantly regressed linearly at respective fertigation strength. Specially the diminishing slope of RGR was lower at 1.0S fertigation strength with the increase of DQI than others. The results indicate that DQI could be applied as a quality index of grafted tomato seedlings and the relation analysis between DQI and short-term RGR also could be used to determine the good quality seedlings of grafted tomato grown in cylindrical paper pot. Additional key words : raising seedling, determination, criteria, performance, absolute growth rate","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89667460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.415
J. Jo
The aim of this study was to evaluate the individual glucosinolate (GSL), total phenol, total flavonoid, and vitamin C content, and antioxidant activity under various light quality condition, mainly focusing on red (R) to farred (FR) light ratios in three Brassica sprouts (radish, Chinese cabbage, and broccoli). Three R/FR ratio of 0.6, 1.3, and 2.0 were exposed to 5-day old sprouts for 48 h in a controlled environment, and the targeted phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities were compared with three separate control plot of dark, fluorescent, and red:blue 8:2 conditions. Total GSL content was highest in broccoli among the cultivars throughout the respective treatments, and increased with the increasing of R/FR ratio in the broccoli sprouts, while the content showed non-significant results in the Chinese cabbage sprouts. The progoitrin, a major GSL in Chinese Cabbage and broccoli, content decreased by upto 38% and 69%, respectively, with decreasing the R/FR ratio compared to the control plots (fluorescent, red:blue 8:2, and dark condition). The contents of phenol, flavonoid, and vitamin C were lowest in dark condition in all the three Brassica sprouts. The total phenol content and antioxidant activities increased with decreasing the R/FR ratio in all the Brassica sprouts, while total flavonoid and vitamin C content showed different patterns depending upon the Brassica sprouts. These results suggest that additional use of FR is expected to improve the functional quality of Brassica sprouts in different ways. Additional key words : Flavonoid, Phenolic compound, Progoitrin, Vitamin C
{"title":"Evaluation of Individual Glucosinolates, Phytochemical Contents, and Antioxidant Activities under Various Red to Far-Red Light Ratios in Three Brassica Sprouts","authors":"J. Jo","doi":"10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.415","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the individual glucosinolate (GSL), total phenol, total flavonoid, and vitamin C content, and antioxidant activity under various light quality condition, mainly focusing on red (R) to farred (FR) light ratios in three Brassica sprouts (radish, Chinese cabbage, and broccoli). Three R/FR ratio of 0.6, 1.3, and 2.0 were exposed to 5-day old sprouts for 48 h in a controlled environment, and the targeted phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities were compared with three separate control plot of dark, fluorescent, and red:blue 8:2 conditions. Total GSL content was highest in broccoli among the cultivars throughout the respective treatments, and increased with the increasing of R/FR ratio in the broccoli sprouts, while the content showed non-significant results in the Chinese cabbage sprouts. The progoitrin, a major GSL in Chinese Cabbage and broccoli, content decreased by upto 38% and 69%, respectively, with decreasing the R/FR ratio compared to the control plots (fluorescent, red:blue 8:2, and dark condition). The contents of phenol, flavonoid, and vitamin C were lowest in dark condition in all the three Brassica sprouts. The total phenol content and antioxidant activities increased with decreasing the R/FR ratio in all the Brassica sprouts, while total flavonoid and vitamin C content showed different patterns depending upon the Brassica sprouts. These results suggest that additional use of FR is expected to improve the functional quality of Brassica sprouts in different ways. Additional key words : Flavonoid, Phenolic compound, Progoitrin, Vitamin C","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86274711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.326
Jirapa Austin, 오 스틴지라파, Y. Cho, 조 영열
Crop growth models are useful tools for understanding and integrating knowledge about crop growth. Models for predicting plant height, net photosynthesis rate, and plant growth of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) as a leafy vegetable in a closed-type plant factory system were developed using empirical model equations such as linear, quadratic, non-rectangular hyperbola, and expolinear equations. Plant growth and yield were measured at 5day intervals after transplanting. Photosynthesis and growth curve models were calculated. Linear and curve relationships were obtained between plant heights and days after transplanting (DAT), however, accuracy of the equation to estimate plant height was linear equation. A non-rectangular hyperbola model was chosen as the response function of net photosynthesis. The light compensation point, light saturation point, and respiration rate were 29, 813 and 3.4 μmol·ms, respectively. The shoot fresh weight showed a linear relationship with the shoot dry weight. The regression coefficient of the shoot dry weight was 0.75 (R=0.921***). A non-linear regression was carried out to describe the increase in shoot dry weight of quinoa as a function of time using an expolinear equation. The crop growth rate and relative growth rate were 22.9 g·m·d and 0.28 g·g·d, respectively. These models can accurately estimate plant height, net photosynthesis rate, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight of quinoa. Additional key words : crop growth rate, expolinear equation, photosynthesis rate, plant height
{"title":"Development of Models for Estimating Growth of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in a Closed-Type Plant Factory System","authors":"Jirapa Austin, 오 스틴지라파, Y. Cho, 조 영열","doi":"10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.326","url":null,"abstract":"Crop growth models are useful tools for understanding and integrating knowledge about crop growth. Models for predicting plant height, net photosynthesis rate, and plant growth of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) as a leafy vegetable in a closed-type plant factory system were developed using empirical model equations such as linear, quadratic, non-rectangular hyperbola, and expolinear equations. Plant growth and yield were measured at 5day intervals after transplanting. Photosynthesis and growth curve models were calculated. Linear and curve relationships were obtained between plant heights and days after transplanting (DAT), however, accuracy of the equation to estimate plant height was linear equation. A non-rectangular hyperbola model was chosen as the response function of net photosynthesis. The light compensation point, light saturation point, and respiration rate were 29, 813 and 3.4 μmol·ms, respectively. The shoot fresh weight showed a linear relationship with the shoot dry weight. The regression coefficient of the shoot dry weight was 0.75 (R=0.921***). A non-linear regression was carried out to describe the increase in shoot dry weight of quinoa as a function of time using an expolinear equation. The crop growth rate and relative growth rate were 22.9 g·m·d and 0.28 g·g·d, respectively. These models can accurately estimate plant height, net photosynthesis rate, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight of quinoa. Additional key words : crop growth rate, expolinear equation, photosynthesis rate, plant height","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85204370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.371
J. Choi, 최 재윤, Sung Jin Kim, Kwon Jeong Bok, K. Lee, J. Park, 김 성진, 복 권정, 이 광야, 박 종석
Aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different nutrient solutions and various light qualities generated by LED on the growth and glucosinolates contents of watercress (Nasturtium officinale) grown under hydroponics for 3 weeks. The seeds of watercress were sown on crushed rockwool media and raised them for two weeks. They were transplanted in a semi-DFT (deep flow technique) hydroponics system. A controlled-environment room was maintained at 20±1C and 16±1C temperatures and 65±10% and 75±10% relative humidity (day and night, respectively), with a provided photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 180±10 μmol·m·s and a photoperiod of 16/8h. To find out the best kinds of nutrient solutions for growing watercress, Otsuka House 1A (OTS), Horticultural Experiment Station in Korea (HES), and Netherland’s Proefstaion voor Bloemisterij en Gasgroente (PBG) were adapted with initial EC of 1.0-1.3 dS·m and pH of 6.2, irradiating PPFD with fluorescent lamps (Ex-1). Either monochromatic (W10 and R10) or mixed LEDs (R5B1, R3B1, R2B1G1, and W2B1G1) were irradiated with a differing ratio of each LED’s PPFD to understanding light quality on the growth and glucosinolates contents of watercress (Ex-2). Although significant difference in the shoot growth of watercress was not found among three nutrient solutions treatments, but the root fresh weight increased by 13.7% and 55.1% in PBG and OTS compared to HES, respectively. OTS increased the gluconasturtiin content by 96% and 65% compared to PBG and HES. Compared with the white light (W10), the red light (R10) showed a 101.3% increase in the shoot length of watercress. Increasing blue light portion positively affected plant growth. The content of total glucosinolates in watercress was increased by 144.5% and 70% per unit dry weight in R3B1 treatment compared with R2B1G1 and W10 treatments, respectively. The growth and total glucosinolates contents of the watercress were highest under R3B1 among six light qualities. Additional key words: functional materials, LED, Nasturtium officinale, secondary metabolite
本试验旨在研究不同营养液和不同LED光质对水培3周水培水田芥(旱金莲)生长和硫代葡萄糖苷含量的影响。将豆瓣菜的种子撒在碎岩棉培养基上，并将其培养两周。移栽于半深流技术水培系统中。室温为20±1C和16±1C，相对湿度分别为65±10%和75±10%(昼夜)，光照周期为16/8h，光合光子通量密度(PPFD)为180±10 μmol·m·s。为寻找豆菜生长的最佳营养液，采用初始EC为1.0 ~ 1.3 dS·m、pH为6.2的大冢1A (Otsuka House 1A, OTS)、韩国园艺实验站(HES)和荷兰voor Bloemisterij en Gasgroente专业站(PBG)，用日光灯照射PPFD (Ex-1)。用不同比例的PPFD照射单色(W10和R10)或混合LED (R5B1, R3B1, R2B1G1和W2B1G1)，以了解豆瓣菜生长和硫代葡萄糖苷含量的光质量(表2)。虽然3种营养液处理对豆瓣菜的根系生长无显著影响，但与HES相比，PBG和OTS处理的根系鲜重分别提高了13.7%和55.1%。与PBG和HES相比，OTS的糖凝血素含量分别提高了96%和65%。与白光处理(W10)相比，红光处理(R10)使豆瓣菜的茎长增加了101.3%。增加蓝光部分对植物生长有积极影响。与R2B1G1和W10处理相比，R3B1处理豆瓣菜单位干重总硫代葡萄糖苷含量分别提高了144.5%和70%。6个轻品质中，R3B1处理下豆瓣菜的生长和总硫代葡萄糖苷含量最高。关键词:功能材料，LED，旱金莲，次生代谢物
{"title":"Effect of Different Nutrient Solution and Light Quality on Growth and Glucosinolate Contents of Watercress in Hydroponics","authors":"J. Choi, 최 재윤, Sung Jin Kim, Kwon Jeong Bok, K. Lee, J. Park, 김 성진, 복 권정, 이 광야, 박 종석","doi":"10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/KSBEC.2018.27.4.371","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different nutrient solutions and various light qualities generated by LED on the growth and glucosinolates contents of watercress (Nasturtium officinale) grown under hydroponics for 3 weeks. The seeds of watercress were sown on crushed rockwool media and raised them for two weeks. They were transplanted in a semi-DFT (deep flow technique) hydroponics system. A controlled-environment room was maintained at 20±1C and 16±1C temperatures and 65±10% and 75±10% relative humidity (day and night, respectively), with a provided photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 180±10 μmol·m·s and a photoperiod of 16/8h. To find out the best kinds of nutrient solutions for growing watercress, Otsuka House 1A (OTS), Horticultural Experiment Station in Korea (HES), and Netherland’s Proefstaion voor Bloemisterij en Gasgroente (PBG) were adapted with initial EC of 1.0-1.3 dS·m and pH of 6.2, irradiating PPFD with fluorescent lamps (Ex-1). Either monochromatic (W10 and R10) or mixed LEDs (R5B1, R3B1, R2B1G1, and W2B1G1) were irradiated with a differing ratio of each LED’s PPFD to understanding light quality on the growth and glucosinolates contents of watercress (Ex-2). Although significant difference in the shoot growth of watercress was not found among three nutrient solutions treatments, but the root fresh weight increased by 13.7% and 55.1% in PBG and OTS compared to HES, respectively. OTS increased the gluconasturtiin content by 96% and 65% compared to PBG and HES. Compared with the white light (W10), the red light (R10) showed a 101.3% increase in the shoot length of watercress. Increasing blue light portion positively affected plant growth. The content of total glucosinolates in watercress was increased by 144.5% and 70% per unit dry weight in R3B1 treatment compared with R2B1G1 and W10 treatments, respectively. The growth and total glucosinolates contents of the watercress were highest under R3B1 among six light qualities. Additional key words: functional materials, LED, Nasturtium officinale, secondary metabolite","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79854971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-01DOI: 10.12791/ksbec.2018.27.4.312
U. Lee, Jin-ho Choi, Jin-wook Lee, Joonyup Kim, Ui-Dong Kim, J. Chun
We investigated the effect of postharvest treatments of calcium chloride, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine (LPE) or 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on fruit quality during simulated marketing in Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai). ‘Whangkeumbae’ pear fruits were immersed in 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0% CaCl2 solution with or without ultrasound (40kHz) at 25C for 3min followed by storage at 1C for 30 days simulated as abroad exportation. After simulated marketing at 25C and 80% relative humidity (RH) up for 10 days, quality parameters were evaluated. Results indicated that the ultrasound and CaCl2 treatment had a synergic effect on keeping the green skin color which showed lower a* value. The combination treatment of ultrasound and 0.5% and 1.0% CaCl2 significantly reduced internal browning disorders, although severe skin blemish disorder (20-23%) occurred in 1.0% CaCl2 treatment. ‘Wonhwang’ pears were immersed in 1,000ppm LPE for 3 minutes or were fumigated in 1,000 ppb 1-MCP for 12 hours, respectively. The results of the fruit quality survey during the 21 days of distribution period are as follows. The 1MCP treatment was maintained at a constant flesh firmness of 33N or higher during the distribution period. The LPE treated fruits had a lower physiological disorder index than the untreated group, but showed a relatively higher value than the 1-MCP treated group. In the case of 1-MCP treatment, the fruit respiration rate was significantly lower than of untreated control (6.0 mL·kg·hr) during the simulaed marketing period. Consequently, it was expected that the postharvest treatments of 0.5% calcium chloride in pararell with ultrasound and 1-MCP fumigation can help to maintain Asian pear quality during distribution period. Additional key words : firmness, physiological disorder, respiration, soluble solids
{"title":"Effects of Postharvest Treatments of Calcium, Lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine (LPE), and 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the Fruit Quality during Simulated Marketing in Asian Pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai)","authors":"U. Lee, Jin-ho Choi, Jin-wook Lee, Joonyup Kim, Ui-Dong Kim, J. Chun","doi":"10.12791/ksbec.2018.27.4.312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12791/ksbec.2018.27.4.312","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the effect of postharvest treatments of calcium chloride, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine (LPE) or 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on fruit quality during simulated marketing in Asian pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai). ‘Whangkeumbae’ pear fruits were immersed in 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0% CaCl2 solution with or without ultrasound (40kHz) at 25C for 3min followed by storage at 1C for 30 days simulated as abroad exportation. After simulated marketing at 25C and 80% relative humidity (RH) up for 10 days, quality parameters were evaluated. Results indicated that the ultrasound and CaCl2 treatment had a synergic effect on keeping the green skin color which showed lower a* value. The combination treatment of ultrasound and 0.5% and 1.0% CaCl2 significantly reduced internal browning disorders, although severe skin blemish disorder (20-23%) occurred in 1.0% CaCl2 treatment. ‘Wonhwang’ pears were immersed in 1,000ppm LPE for 3 minutes or were fumigated in 1,000 ppb 1-MCP for 12 hours, respectively. The results of the fruit quality survey during the 21 days of distribution period are as follows. The 1MCP treatment was maintained at a constant flesh firmness of 33N or higher during the distribution period. The LPE treated fruits had a lower physiological disorder index than the untreated group, but showed a relatively higher value than the 1-MCP treated group. In the case of 1-MCP treatment, the fruit respiration rate was significantly lower than of untreated control (6.0 mL·kg·hr) during the simulaed marketing period. Consequently, it was expected that the postharvest treatments of 0.5% calcium chloride in pararell with ultrasound and 1-MCP fumigation can help to maintain Asian pear quality during distribution period. Additional key words : firmness, physiological disorder, respiration, soluble solids","PeriodicalId":20654,"journal":{"name":"Protected horticulture and Plant Factory","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77656566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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