A new type of continuous harvester is designed to address the problems of high labor cost and low efficiency in the process of harvesting lettuce in greenhouse hydroponics. The designed harvester is mainly composed of three parts, namely, reciprocating cutter, driving mechanism, and belt conveyor. The response surface method is used to establish the mathematical model between the force acting on the lettuce roots and the reciprocating speed of the cutter, the inclination angle of the cutter, and the conveying speed of lettuce. The reliability of the mathematical model is verified, and the optimal parameter combination of the force on the lettuce root is obtained. Considering the actual harvesting method, the destruction rate, damage rate, and success rate of lettuce are used as the design indexes in the experiment. Results showed that the force on the lettuce stem is the smallest under the optimal parameter combination of the reciprocating motion speed of the cutting blade (100 mm/s), the inclination angle of the cutting blade (2.31°), and the conveying speed of the lettuce (64.49 mm/s). When the minimum force is 1.91 N, the destruction rate of lettuce harvest is 1.85%, the damage rate of lettuce is 3.71%, and the success rate of lettuce harvest is 94.44%. This study offers a potential solution for the automatic harvesting of hydroponic lettuce in a greenhouse.
为解决温室水培生菜收获过程中人工成本高、效率低的问题，设计了一种新型连续收获机。所设计的收割机主要由三部分组成，即往复式切割器、驱动机构和皮带输送机。采用响应面法建立了作用在生菜根部的力与切刀往复速度、切刀倾斜角度和生菜输送速度之间的数学模型。验证了数学模型的可靠性，并得出了莴苣根部受力的最佳参数组合。考虑到实际的收割方式，将莴苣的破坏率、损坏率和成功率作为实验的设计指标。结果表明，在切割刀片往复运动速度（100 mm/s）、切割刀片倾斜角度（2.31°）和生菜输送速度（64.49 mm/s）的最佳参数组合下，生菜茎部受力最小。当最小力为 1.91 N 时，生菜收获的破坏率为 1.85%，生菜的损坏率为 3.71%，生菜收获的成功率为 94.44%。这项研究为温室中水培生菜的自动收割提供了一个潜在的解决方案。
{"title":"Optimal design of the response surface for the root cutting of a hydroponic lettuce harvesting tool","authors":"Guohua Gao, Zhi Li, Zihua Zhang, Xiaofei Lu, Shaoyu Zhai, Zhenjiang Zhu","doi":"10.1177/09544054231222046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054231222046","url":null,"abstract":"A new type of continuous harvester is designed to address the problems of high labor cost and low efficiency in the process of harvesting lettuce in greenhouse hydroponics. The designed harvester is mainly composed of three parts, namely, reciprocating cutter, driving mechanism, and belt conveyor. The response surface method is used to establish the mathematical model between the force acting on the lettuce roots and the reciprocating speed of the cutter, the inclination angle of the cutter, and the conveying speed of lettuce. The reliability of the mathematical model is verified, and the optimal parameter combination of the force on the lettuce root is obtained. Considering the actual harvesting method, the destruction rate, damage rate, and success rate of lettuce are used as the design indexes in the experiment. Results showed that the force on the lettuce stem is the smallest under the optimal parameter combination of the reciprocating motion speed of the cutting blade (100 mm/s), the inclination angle of the cutting blade (2.31°), and the conveying speed of the lettuce (64.49 mm/s). When the minimum force is 1.91 N, the destruction rate of lettuce harvest is 1.85%, the damage rate of lettuce is 3.71%, and the success rate of lettuce harvest is 94.44%. This study offers a potential solution for the automatic harvesting of hydroponic lettuce in a greenhouse.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139444234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, continuous fiber reinforced plastic composite fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing and conventional material removal processing methods were combined to investigate the effects of hole-making methods (printing, drilling and helical milling) and fiber filling patterns (solid pattern and rhombic grid pattern) on the quality and mechanical properties of joining holes in printed parts. This study evaluated the cutting forces during hole machining and assessed hole quality based on defect analysis, diameter accuracy, roundness error, and wall morphology, complemented by cost comparisons. It was observed that holes manufactured by conventional material removal methods were of better quality, but were also more costly. Tensile tests were conducted on the bolted joint structures to evaluate the mechanical properties of the joining holes, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations were performed on the cross-sections of bolted joints to analyze the tensile damage patterns. It was found that helical milled holes exhibit unique damage patterns and greater ultimate tensile displacements due to the existence of fibers directly involved in load bearing at the hole walls. This leads to a significant increase in energy absorption performance. The tensile properties of the structures consisting of specimens with a fiber filling angle of 0°/90° were superior to those with a fiber filling angle of 45°/135°. Additionally, the mechanical properties were found to be slightly better using the rhombic grid pattern than the solid pattern for the same fiber filling density and fiber filling angle. These findings provide valuable insights into the choice of preparation methods for joining holes in 3D printed parts to achieve optimal performance in a variety of engineering applications.
{"title":"Comparison of joining hole making methods for fiber reinforced FDM 3D printing parts","authors":"Wei Lv, Xuda Qin, Zhengwei Bao, Wenchao Guo, Xianming Meng, Hao Li","doi":"10.1177/09544054231223265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054231223265","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, continuous fiber reinforced plastic composite fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing and conventional material removal processing methods were combined to investigate the effects of hole-making methods (printing, drilling and helical milling) and fiber filling patterns (solid pattern and rhombic grid pattern) on the quality and mechanical properties of joining holes in printed parts. This study evaluated the cutting forces during hole machining and assessed hole quality based on defect analysis, diameter accuracy, roundness error, and wall morphology, complemented by cost comparisons. It was observed that holes manufactured by conventional material removal methods were of better quality, but were also more costly. Tensile tests were conducted on the bolted joint structures to evaluate the mechanical properties of the joining holes, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations were performed on the cross-sections of bolted joints to analyze the tensile damage patterns. It was found that helical milled holes exhibit unique damage patterns and greater ultimate tensile displacements due to the existence of fibers directly involved in load bearing at the hole walls. This leads to a significant increase in energy absorption performance. The tensile properties of the structures consisting of specimens with a fiber filling angle of 0°/90° were superior to those with a fiber filling angle of 45°/135°. Additionally, the mechanical properties were found to be slightly better using the rhombic grid pattern than the solid pattern for the same fiber filling density and fiber filling angle. These findings provide valuable insights into the choice of preparation methods for joining holes in 3D printed parts to achieve optimal performance in a variety of engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":"60 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139445215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.1177/09544054231223783
Ao Liu, Yifan Zhang, Yuan Yao
Gesture control is one of the effective and flexible communication method between humans and robots. However, it always depends on complex hardware and configurations in human-robot collaboration systems. Simplifying the design of gesture-interaction systems and avoiding miscommunication are challenging problems. In this paper, we proposed a method that utilizes an RGB sensor to realize spatial human-robot collaboration. A random forest based depth estimator is presented to supplement the additional spatial information for hand gesture recognition. Additionally, we demonstrate the construction of secure human-robot collaboration scenarios in Unity and validate our approach in real-world settings, based on which a digital twin system oriented to human-machine collaboration is constructed to realize rapid human-machine task simulation, safety specification testing, and real-scene applications development.
{"title":"Digital twins for hand gesture-guided human-robot collaboration systems","authors":"Ao Liu, Yifan Zhang, Yuan Yao","doi":"10.1177/09544054231223783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054231223783","url":null,"abstract":"Gesture control is one of the effective and flexible communication method between humans and robots. However, it always depends on complex hardware and configurations in human-robot collaboration systems. Simplifying the design of gesture-interaction systems and avoiding miscommunication are challenging problems. In this paper, we proposed a method that utilizes an RGB sensor to realize spatial human-robot collaboration. A random forest based depth estimator is presented to supplement the additional spatial information for hand gesture recognition. Additionally, we demonstrate the construction of secure human-robot collaboration scenarios in Unity and validate our approach in real-world settings, based on which a digital twin system oriented to human-machine collaboration is constructed to realize rapid human-machine task simulation, safety specification testing, and real-scene applications development.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":"53 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-05DOI: 10.1177/09544054231210963
Yan Li, Jiabo Fan, Yuan Zheng, Feng Gao, Wenqiang Li, Chenfei Hei
Thermal deformation resulted from the heat generated by the motor and the frictional behavior between the moving pairs significantly reduces the positioning accuracy of feed systems and thus influences the machining quality of parts. The internal cooling ball screw takes advantage of the cooling liquid to strengthen the convection heat transfer actively and suppress the temperature rise. Owing to the intermittent starting and stopping operation modes of the cooling machine, the heat flux arising from various heat sources cannot be completely removed by the coolant; consequently, thermal errors still exist. In this study, K-means++ clustering and correlation analyses were used to select thermal key points. A difference equation model of the thermal error was established to describe the transient change relationship between the temperatures of the thermal key points and the ball-screw shaft elongation, which was separated from the thermal characteristic experimental data according to the linear superposition principle of geometric and thermal errors to constitute the positioning error. The model parameters were identified using the least-squares method, and a thermal error compensation strategy based on the origin offset method was implemented. Experiments comparing the thermal error compensation of the three models under different working conditions were conducted to confirm that the thermal error difference equation model can be applied to reduce the thermal error of the feed system effectively and maintain excellent robustness.
{"title":"Thermal error compensation for a fluid-cooling ball-screw feed system","authors":"Yan Li, Jiabo Fan, Yuan Zheng, Feng Gao, Wenqiang Li, Chenfei Hei","doi":"10.1177/09544054231210963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054231210963","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal deformation resulted from the heat generated by the motor and the frictional behavior between the moving pairs significantly reduces the positioning accuracy of feed systems and thus influences the machining quality of parts. The internal cooling ball screw takes advantage of the cooling liquid to strengthen the convection heat transfer actively and suppress the temperature rise. Owing to the intermittent starting and stopping operation modes of the cooling machine, the heat flux arising from various heat sources cannot be completely removed by the coolant; consequently, thermal errors still exist. In this study, K-means++ clustering and correlation analyses were used to select thermal key points. A difference equation model of the thermal error was established to describe the transient change relationship between the temperatures of the thermal key points and the ball-screw shaft elongation, which was separated from the thermal characteristic experimental data according to the linear superposition principle of geometric and thermal errors to constitute the positioning error. The model parameters were identified using the least-squares method, and a thermal error compensation strategy based on the origin offset method was implemented. Experiments comparing the thermal error compensation of the three models under different working conditions were conducted to confirm that the thermal error difference equation model can be applied to reduce the thermal error of the feed system effectively and maintain excellent robustness.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139381870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.1177/09544054231214009
Yuling Jiao, Lujiao Huang, Binjie Xu, Yang Wang, Xinyue Su
Aiming at the improvement of the efficiency of the assembly line in the intelligent manufacturing field, a parallel U-shaped assembly line balancing problem (PUALBP) appears. In this paper, a mathematical model of the PUALBP-I is established, and an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is innovatively designed based on the allocation strategy. Combined with 56 classic examples, the IGA is used to solve the mathematical models of SUAL and PUAL respectively, and the balance results and the balance effect evaluation indicators are obtained. The comparison with Parallel U-line Heuristic (PUH) shows that the results of PUAL are better than SUAL, and verifies that the IGA is effective. The results demonstrate that the IGA in calculating large-scale problems is superior to the small-scale problems, which provides a useful reference for solving PUALBP.
在智能制造领域，为了提高装配线的效率，出现了平行 U 型装配线平衡问题（PUALBP）。本文建立了 PUALBP-I 的数学模型，并基于分配策略创新性地设计了改进遗传算法（IGA）。结合 56 个经典实例，利用 IGA 分别求解 SUAL 和 PUAL 的数学模型，得到平衡结果和平衡效果评价指标。通过与平行 U 线启发式（PUH）的比较，发现 PUAL 的结果优于 SUAL，验证了 IGA 的有效性。结果表明，IGA 在计算大型问题时优于小型问题，为 PUALBP 的求解提供了有益的参考。
{"title":"Modeling and balancing of parallel U-shaped assembly line based on improved genetic algorithms","authors":"Yuling Jiao, Lujiao Huang, Binjie Xu, Yang Wang, Xinyue Su","doi":"10.1177/09544054231214009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054231214009","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at the improvement of the efficiency of the assembly line in the intelligent manufacturing field, a parallel U-shaped assembly line balancing problem (PUALBP) appears. In this paper, a mathematical model of the PUALBP-I is established, and an improved genetic algorithm (IGA) is innovatively designed based on the allocation strategy. Combined with 56 classic examples, the IGA is used to solve the mathematical models of SUAL and PUAL respectively, and the balance results and the balance effect evaluation indicators are obtained. The comparison with Parallel U-line Heuristic (PUH) shows that the results of PUAL are better than SUAL, and verifies that the IGA is effective. The results demonstrate that the IGA in calculating large-scale problems is superior to the small-scale problems, which provides a useful reference for solving PUALBP.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.1177/09544054231222047
Hailin Nie, Hang Liu, Chao Wang, Yuru Wu, Shimin Zhu, Jun Luo
At present, components produced by Direct energy deposition (DED) still have many shortcomings, such as rough surfaces, many internal pores, and the formation of long columnar grains that will lead to anisotropy due to large temperature gradients. Laser remelting (LR) is an effective method to improve the top surface quality and densification of samples. In the present work, in the process of manufacturing 316L stainless steel samples with DED, an additional LR process without powder conveying is added after each deposition layer of the samples is deposited. The smoothness of the sample surface has been greatly improved, and the density of the samples has been increased to nearly fully dense. The number and size of pores inside the samples are significantly decreased. By changing laser power and spot size, the effect of the LR process with different energy densities on microstructure and mechanical properties was studied. After the LR process, the coarse and long columnar grains in samples are transformed into fine equiaxed grains and fine columnar grains. Experimental results show that the LR process with appropriate energy density can reduce the residual stress of the samples made by DED and significantly improve the tensile strength and elongation of the samples. LR with the same processing parameters as the deposition has the most obvious effect on refining the microstructure and improving tensile properties. However, the LR process with low energy density will increase the residual stress of the sample, resulting in poor mechanical properties.
目前，通过直接能量沉积（DED）技术生产的元件仍存在许多缺陷，如表面粗糙、内部气孔多、形成长柱状晶粒，这些缺陷会因温度梯度过大而导致各向异性。激光重熔（LR）是改善样品表面质量和致密化的有效方法。在本研究中，在使用 DED 制造 316L 不锈钢样品的过程中，在样品的每个沉积层沉积完成后都增加了一个不带粉末输送的 LR 过程。样品表面的光滑度大大提高，密度也提高到接近完全致密。样品内部气孔的数量和大小明显减少。通过改变激光功率和光斑尺寸，研究了不同能量密度的 LR 工艺对微观结构和机械性能的影响。经过 LR 处理后，样品中的粗长柱状晶粒转变为细等轴晶粒和细柱状晶粒。实验结果表明，采用适当能量密度的 LR 工艺可以降低 DED 制成的样品的残余应力，并显著提高样品的抗拉强度和伸长率。与沉积相同加工参数的 LR 对细化微观结构和改善拉伸性能的效果最为明显。但是，低能量密度的 LR 工艺会增加样品的残余应力，导致机械性能不佳。
{"title":"A new laser remelting strategy for direct energy deposition of 316L stainless steel","authors":"Hailin Nie, Hang Liu, Chao Wang, Yuru Wu, Shimin Zhu, Jun Luo","doi":"10.1177/09544054231222047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054231222047","url":null,"abstract":"At present, components produced by Direct energy deposition (DED) still have many shortcomings, such as rough surfaces, many internal pores, and the formation of long columnar grains that will lead to anisotropy due to large temperature gradients. Laser remelting (LR) is an effective method to improve the top surface quality and densification of samples. In the present work, in the process of manufacturing 316L stainless steel samples with DED, an additional LR process without powder conveying is added after each deposition layer of the samples is deposited. The smoothness of the sample surface has been greatly improved, and the density of the samples has been increased to nearly fully dense. The number and size of pores inside the samples are significantly decreased. By changing laser power and spot size, the effect of the LR process with different energy densities on microstructure and mechanical properties was studied. After the LR process, the coarse and long columnar grains in samples are transformed into fine equiaxed grains and fine columnar grains. Experimental results show that the LR process with appropriate energy density can reduce the residual stress of the samples made by DED and significantly improve the tensile strength and elongation of the samples. LR with the same processing parameters as the deposition has the most obvious effect on refining the microstructure and improving tensile properties. However, the LR process with low energy density will increase the residual stress of the sample, resulting in poor mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":"55 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The digital twin workshop is the basic unit for realizing smart manufacturing. Its model is the prerequisite for applying digital twins in workshops. Geometric model assembly is the primary concern in workshop-level digital twin modeling. However, current research lacks sufficient focus on the efficiency and application modes of equipment mesh model assembly features in geometric model assembly, hindering the construction of the workshop-level digital twin model. The equipment-level digital twin model typically only contains assembly information between individual parts and is generally represented by polygonal meshes; the lack of assembly information between equipment models impedes the assembly of the workshop-level digital twin model. To improve the efficiency of workshop-level digital twin modeling and the reusability of the original 3D assembly information, this paper proposes an assembly feature construction method of equipment mesh model for digital twin workshops. A 3D assembly information model is constructed to describe the information related to the equipment geometric model and the assembly features. Then, the assembly features of the equipment mesh model are gradually positioned preliminarily and precisely, achieving precise mapping of the assembly features in the 3D information model to the equipment mesh model and efficient construction of equipment mesh model assembly features. Finally, with the construction and application of equipment mesh model assembly features in an arc welding workshop and storage workshop as an example, the feasibility of the method in improving the modeling efficiency is verified through relevant comparative experiments.
{"title":"Assembly feature construction method of equipment mesh model for digital twin workshops","authors":"Ruiping Luo, Buyun Sheng, Kun Song, Yuchao Jian, Gaocai Fu, Feiyu Zhao","doi":"10.1177/09544054231214018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054231214018","url":null,"abstract":"The digital twin workshop is the basic unit for realizing smart manufacturing. Its model is the prerequisite for applying digital twins in workshops. Geometric model assembly is the primary concern in workshop-level digital twin modeling. However, current research lacks sufficient focus on the efficiency and application modes of equipment mesh model assembly features in geometric model assembly, hindering the construction of the workshop-level digital twin model. The equipment-level digital twin model typically only contains assembly information between individual parts and is generally represented by polygonal meshes; the lack of assembly information between equipment models impedes the assembly of the workshop-level digital twin model. To improve the efficiency of workshop-level digital twin modeling and the reusability of the original 3D assembly information, this paper proposes an assembly feature construction method of equipment mesh model for digital twin workshops. A 3D assembly information model is constructed to describe the information related to the equipment geometric model and the assembly features. Then, the assembly features of the equipment mesh model are gradually positioned preliminarily and precisely, achieving precise mapping of the assembly features in the 3D information model to the equipment mesh model and efficient construction of equipment mesh model assembly features. Finally, with the construction and application of equipment mesh model assembly features in an arc welding workshop and storage workshop as an example, the feasibility of the method in improving the modeling efficiency is verified through relevant comparative experiments.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":"52 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.1177/09544054231214011
J. Lu, Ji Weixi, Chen Chen, Xuan Su
The digital twins process of equipment operation and maintenance involves massive data and complex business logic. Through data awareness of equipment and workshop environment. According to the characteristics of equipment operation and maintenance, the data characteristics and requirements are analysed, an equipment operation and maintenance management system based on the micro-service framework is proposed, a set of equipment operation and maintenance digital twins are designed and a general reference software architecture is designed and by checking the underlying in-heap pattern reduces high-impact portions of memory to provide accurate follow-up complex digital twins modelling provides the architectural foundation.
{"title":"Maintenance architecture design of equipment operation and maintenance system based on digital twins","authors":"J. Lu, Ji Weixi, Chen Chen, Xuan Su","doi":"10.1177/09544054231214011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054231214011","url":null,"abstract":"The digital twins process of equipment operation and maintenance involves massive data and complex business logic. Through data awareness of equipment and workshop environment. According to the characteristics of equipment operation and maintenance, the data characteristics and requirements are analysed, an equipment operation and maintenance management system based on the micro-service framework is proposed, a set of equipment operation and maintenance digital twins are designed and a general reference software architecture is designed and by checking the underlying in-heap pattern reduces high-impact portions of memory to provide accurate follow-up complex digital twins modelling provides the architectural foundation.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":"97 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139385923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.1177/09544054231215107
Mehmet Akif Oymak, Erkan Bahçe, İbrahim Gezer
CoCrW can be produced using Additive Manufacturing (AM), while casting methods are commonly used for applications such as dental prostheses. However, rapid heating and cooling during AM production can lead to internal defects, micro-cracks, and shrinkage. Micro-milling can help enhance the material’s structure and impart micro-scale properties. This study aimed to investigate the micro-milling properties of CoCrW products manufactured using AM and compare them with materials produced by casting. Numerical models and experimental studies were conducted to examine the differences. Results showed that CoCr alloys produced with AM exhibited 25%–30% lower burr formations, while CoCrW produced by casting had 2%–5% lower surface roughness. Micro-milling experiments demonstrated that a feed rate of 2.5 μm/tooth resulted in 35%–40% more burr formation and surface roughness compared to a feed rate of 5 µm/tooth in both SLM and casting methods, attributed to the cutting edge radius. The cutting temperature and top burr height were analyzed using finite element simulations and experimental methods. It was observed that the maximum temperature in CoCrW produced by casting was 6%–15% higher than that in the SLM method. The finite element analyses and experiments revealed a difference of 4%–7% in maximum temperatures and top burr height.
{"title":"Experimental and numerical study on micro-milling of CoCrW alloy produced by selective laser melting and casting","authors":"Mehmet Akif Oymak, Erkan Bahçe, İbrahim Gezer","doi":"10.1177/09544054231215107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054231215107","url":null,"abstract":"CoCrW can be produced using Additive Manufacturing (AM), while casting methods are commonly used for applications such as dental prostheses. However, rapid heating and cooling during AM production can lead to internal defects, micro-cracks, and shrinkage. Micro-milling can help enhance the material’s structure and impart micro-scale properties. This study aimed to investigate the micro-milling properties of CoCrW products manufactured using AM and compare them with materials produced by casting. Numerical models and experimental studies were conducted to examine the differences. Results showed that CoCr alloys produced with AM exhibited 25%–30% lower burr formations, while CoCrW produced by casting had 2%–5% lower surface roughness. Micro-milling experiments demonstrated that a feed rate of 2.5 μm/tooth resulted in 35%–40% more burr formation and surface roughness compared to a feed rate of 5 µm/tooth in both SLM and casting methods, attributed to the cutting edge radius. The cutting temperature and top burr height were analyzed using finite element simulations and experimental methods. It was observed that the maximum temperature in CoCrW produced by casting was 6%–15% higher than that in the SLM method. The finite element analyses and experiments revealed a difference of 4%–7% in maximum temperatures and top burr height.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139387432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing method used in aerospace and biomedical industries due to its ability to fabricate complex geometries with excellent mechanical properties. However, achieving the desired surface quality can be challenging. Vibratory surface finishing (VSF) is a widely used post-processing technique in engineering industries to improve surface quality. In this study, SLM-produced stainless steel 316L samples with different geometries, including samples with flat surfaces (SFS), samples with bulged surfaces (SBS), and samples with concave surfaces (SCS), were processed using triangular, spherical, and cylindrical media shapes for different processing times. The research aimed to analyze the surface integrity and dimensional deviation of each sample type after VSF. Our study employed a full factorial design of experiments (DoE) to assess the influences on the surface integrity, dimensional deviations, surface morphology, and surface hardness of 316L stainless steel parts produced via SLM. After VSF, the average Ra value was reduced by 75% after 9 h of operation, achieving the lowest Ra value (1.68 μm) using spherical media. Spherical media also reduced Ra values on concave surfaces by approximately 71%, with a reduction from 14.55 to 4.15 μm. The study found that VSF helps improve surface roughness while affecting the components’ average dimensional deviation and subsurface microhardness. The microhardness measurement showed a value of 220 HV, which was approximately 6.4% higher than the bulk hardness.
{"title":"The effect of the vibratory surface finishing process on surface integrity and dimensional deviation of selective laser melted parts","authors":"Masoud Nezarati, Bita Porrang, Ardeshir Hemasian Etefagh, Daniyal Sayadi, M. Khajehzadeh","doi":"10.1177/09544054231214016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544054231214016","url":null,"abstract":"Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing method used in aerospace and biomedical industries due to its ability to fabricate complex geometries with excellent mechanical properties. However, achieving the desired surface quality can be challenging. Vibratory surface finishing (VSF) is a widely used post-processing technique in engineering industries to improve surface quality. In this study, SLM-produced stainless steel 316L samples with different geometries, including samples with flat surfaces (SFS), samples with bulged surfaces (SBS), and samples with concave surfaces (SCS), were processed using triangular, spherical, and cylindrical media shapes for different processing times. The research aimed to analyze the surface integrity and dimensional deviation of each sample type after VSF. Our study employed a full factorial design of experiments (DoE) to assess the influences on the surface integrity, dimensional deviations, surface morphology, and surface hardness of 316L stainless steel parts produced via SLM. After VSF, the average Ra value was reduced by 75% after 9 h of operation, achieving the lowest Ra value (1.68 μm) using spherical media. Spherical media also reduced Ra values on concave surfaces by approximately 71%, with a reduction from 14.55 to 4.15 μm. The study found that VSF helps improve surface roughness while affecting the components’ average dimensional deviation and subsurface microhardness. The microhardness measurement showed a value of 220 HV, which was approximately 6.4% higher than the bulk hardness.","PeriodicalId":20663,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture","volume":"24 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138947004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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