Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.1177/27541258231204000
Prince K. Guma
Interdisciplinary engagements encounter a significant challenge in surmounting defensive barriers within conventional urban research. This emphasizes the necessity of creating space for comprehensive dialogs to tackle pivotal issues related to social justice in urban practice and academia. Urban research in the global south mandates a specific perspective that extends beyond the common oversight and veiling of specific viewpoints and encounters. Black geographies offers a language that acknowledges experiential, ingrained, and incarnate realities, contexts, and expressions of urbanization that surpass materiality. By extension, and as Bloch and Meyer argue, it expands the scope of contemplation to contemporary themes such as displacement.
{"title":"Displacement, Out-of-placeness, and urban research in the south: An experiential perspective","authors":"Prince K. Guma","doi":"10.1177/27541258231204000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/27541258231204000","url":null,"abstract":"Interdisciplinary engagements encounter a significant challenge in surmounting defensive barriers within conventional urban research. This emphasizes the necessity of creating space for comprehensive dialogs to tackle pivotal issues related to social justice in urban practice and academia. Urban research in the global south mandates a specific perspective that extends beyond the common oversight and veiling of specific viewpoints and encounters. Black geographies offers a language that acknowledges experiential, ingrained, and incarnate realities, contexts, and expressions of urbanization that surpass materiality. By extension, and as Bloch and Meyer argue, it expands the scope of contemplation to contemporary themes such as displacement.","PeriodicalId":206933,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Urban Research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135648197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.1177/27541258231204005
Linda Lobao
Inequality is a pivotal concern for social scientists, manifest within and across communities globally. Geoffrey DeVerteuil provides a provocative discussion about the contours of inequality in the city and offers a heuristic framework aimed at its understanding. I focus on three aspects of DeVerteuil's arguments: the importance of reconsidering radical political economy theory to understand urban change and bridge disparate traditions; how the lopsidedness of the city is conceptualized; and whether and how his arguments can be extended to other contexts.
{"title":"Urban inequality revisited: Beyond city limits","authors":"Linda Lobao","doi":"10.1177/27541258231204005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/27541258231204005","url":null,"abstract":"Inequality is a pivotal concern for social scientists, manifest within and across communities globally. Geoffrey DeVerteuil provides a provocative discussion about the contours of inequality in the city and offers a heuristic framework aimed at its understanding. I focus on three aspects of DeVerteuil's arguments: the importance of reconsidering radical political economy theory to understand urban change and bridge disparate traditions; how the lopsidedness of the city is conceptualized; and whether and how his arguments can be extended to other contexts.","PeriodicalId":206933,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Urban Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135926178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-24DOI: 10.1177/27541258231204009
John Lennon
Bloch and Meyer's article argues that critical gentrification studies need to stop being beholden to mapping and counting of dislocated bodies, focusing mostly on “measuring the invisible,” and instead should understand displacement as an ongoing phenomenon, one that not only removes bodies from an environment, but is materially felt within spaces through technologies of racial discrimination, exclusion, and delinquency. This commentary relates the authors' ideas to graffiti studies and specifically argues how this subfield is part of gentrification studies. At its best, graffiti studies explore how graffiti and street art flow through the veins of the body of a city where racial capitalism is its beating heart. To understand displacement's affect, one can start by reading the walls of a city. The commentary also makes brief comments about gentrification in the FX series The Bear and the current shocking state of public education in Florida.
{"title":"Aversive racism, gentrification, and graffiti studies","authors":"John Lennon","doi":"10.1177/27541258231204009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/27541258231204009","url":null,"abstract":"Bloch and Meyer's article argues that critical gentrification studies need to stop being beholden to mapping and counting of dislocated bodies, focusing mostly on “measuring the invisible,” and instead should understand displacement as an ongoing phenomenon, one that not only removes bodies from an environment, but is materially felt within spaces through technologies of racial discrimination, exclusion, and delinquency. This commentary relates the authors' ideas to graffiti studies and specifically argues how this subfield is part of gentrification studies. At its best, graffiti studies explore how graffiti and street art flow through the veins of the body of a city where racial capitalism is its beating heart. To understand displacement's affect, one can start by reading the walls of a city. The commentary also makes brief comments about gentrification in the FX series The Bear and the current shocking state of public education in Florida.","PeriodicalId":206933,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Urban Research","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135926302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1177/27541258231204002
Danny Dorling
Not very long ago, the world had a different shape. The cities were shaped differently too. Anglophone geographies brought into life theories about what all this meant. Global Urban Studies was a little prince world. A world in which each prince, each scholar, created their own theory. Theories were plentiful. In Le Petit Prince the Geographer is ‘…too important to go wandering about. He never leaves his Study.’ 1 He believes that geography books are ‘…the finest books of all. They never go out of fashion.’ The geographical scholar (who Antione de Saint-Exupéry had brought to life) distained the ephemeral, that ‘which is threatened by imminent disappearance.’ That particular little prince world is no more. The 1990s theories turned out to be ephemeral. Geoffrey DeVerteuil's essay breathes a little life back into some of them, arguing for not forgetting – not becoming too distracted by the new, especially not by the more obviously ephemeral ideas that often dominate today.
{"title":"When we were young: Inequality revisited, a commentary on Geoffrey Deverteuil's essay","authors":"Danny Dorling","doi":"10.1177/27541258231204002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/27541258231204002","url":null,"abstract":"Not very long ago, the world had a different shape. The cities were shaped differently too. Anglophone geographies brought into life theories about what all this meant. Global Urban Studies was a little prince world. A world in which each prince, each scholar, created their own theory. Theories were plentiful. In Le Petit Prince the Geographer is ‘…too important to go wandering about. He never leaves his Study.’ 1 He believes that geography books are ‘…the finest books of all. They never go out of fashion.’ The geographical scholar (who Antione de Saint-Exupéry had brought to life) distained the ephemeral, that ‘which is threatened by imminent disappearance.’ That particular little prince world is no more. The 1990s theories turned out to be ephemeral. Geoffrey DeVerteuil's essay breathes a little life back into some of them, arguing for not forgetting – not becoming too distracted by the new, especially not by the more obviously ephemeral ideas that often dominate today.","PeriodicalId":206933,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Urban Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136373974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1177/27541258231204003
Katrin B. Anacker
{"title":"Tackling Housing Affordability - Still and Again","authors":"Katrin B. Anacker","doi":"10.1177/27541258231204003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/27541258231204003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":206933,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Urban Research","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136314453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-16DOI: 10.1177/27541258231195599
Prentiss A. Dantzler, Marie-Aminata Peron
In this essay, we suggest an alternative lens to uneven development as an embodied process to frame extant work within critical gentrification studies. In doing so, we resist a theoretical and methodological distinction divorced from the politics of remaking the material and immaterial conditions of the body before, within, and beyond space. In the pursuit of theoretical distinctions and temporal and spatial renderings from the varieties of everyday racial capitalism, we urge scholars to embed an imaginary towards our collective urban future within their theoretical conceptualizations. To do this means to not only suggest what is but what could be. While brief, we hope that this encourages others to engage in scholarly endeavors not only to understand the causes and effects of gentrification and displacement, but to advocate for a politics of spatial imaginaries.
{"title":"Towards a Praxis of Manifesting Spatial Imaginaries","authors":"Prentiss A. Dantzler, Marie-Aminata Peron","doi":"10.1177/27541258231195599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/27541258231195599","url":null,"abstract":"In this essay, we suggest an alternative lens to uneven development as an embodied process to frame extant work within critical gentrification studies. In doing so, we resist a theoretical and methodological distinction divorced from the politics of remaking the material and immaterial conditions of the body before, within, and beyond space. In the pursuit of theoretical distinctions and temporal and spatial renderings from the varieties of everyday racial capitalism, we urge scholars to embed an imaginary towards our collective urban future within their theoretical conceptualizations. To do this means to not only suggest what is but what could be. While brief, we hope that this encourages others to engage in scholarly endeavors not only to understand the causes and effects of gentrification and displacement, but to advocate for a politics of spatial imaginaries.","PeriodicalId":206933,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Urban Research","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133478797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/27541258231187374
David Wilson, Elvin Wyly
Dialogues in Urban Research was established to create critical yet constructive conversations about cities and urbanization at a perilous but fascinating historical-geographical conjuncture. In this vein, we thank our four interlocuters, Emma Colven, Renee Tapp, Delik Hudalah, Dallas Rogers, and Christopher Silver, for their provocative comments on our manuscript. There is much food for thought in their ideas. In response to their comments, we initially expound on three core themes in the article that address their concerns about our conceptual apparatus. Here we offer clarity to dispel any misunderstandings of what our paper is about. The discussion's cornerstone: Dracula urbanism as an important situated theorising; Dracula's complicated features, and the reality of smart city building as the leading edge of Dracula urbanism. Then, we illuminate the contributions of our critics as a collection of nuanced modifications and extensions of our work. We are heartened that these fellow urbanists, in this special journal issue, have critically appraised the Dracula urbanist concept and move it forward in meaningful ways.
{"title":"Dracula urbanism and smart cities in style and substance","authors":"David Wilson, Elvin Wyly","doi":"10.1177/27541258231187374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/27541258231187374","url":null,"abstract":"Dialogues in Urban Research was established to create critical yet constructive conversations about cities and urbanization at a perilous but fascinating historical-geographical conjuncture. In this vein, we thank our four interlocuters, Emma Colven, Renee Tapp, Delik Hudalah, Dallas Rogers, and Christopher Silver, for their provocative comments on our manuscript. There is much food for thought in their ideas. In response to their comments, we initially expound on three core themes in the article that address their concerns about our conceptual apparatus. Here we offer clarity to dispel any misunderstandings of what our paper is about. The discussion's cornerstone: Dracula urbanism as an important situated theorising; Dracula's complicated features, and the reality of smart city building as the leading edge of Dracula urbanism. Then, we illuminate the contributions of our critics as a collection of nuanced modifications and extensions of our work. We are heartened that these fellow urbanists, in this special journal issue, have critically appraised the Dracula urbanist concept and move it forward in meaningful ways.","PeriodicalId":206933,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Urban Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127978352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/27541258231187378
Stuart Hodkinson
people stay because they want to, including clear contractual terms, just-cause evictions and predictable rent development, is not seen as something inherently bad by all types of private investors. Predictability and attractiveness for broader groups of households reduces tenant turnover and management costs and hence increase profit. This is something that could be contemplated and discussed more broadly in many home-owner countries, especially when there is no wish to go as far as vacancy control, but focus is on softer forms of predictability. The ever-present question of who we prioritize in housing policy, must also be answered. Phillips points to the difficulty of balancing interests and that sometimes choices are so difficult that no choice is made. When it comes to subsidy, Philipps states that ‘market-rate and mixed-income construction should serve as many people as it possibly can, preserving public funds to help those with the greatest need.’ Phillips is clear in that those that are not reached by the market need to be prioritized and subsidized. Quite a few German cities seem to take this for granted and prioritize and subsidize housing in the lower, and sometimes also the moderate, income brackets. The efficient way of doing it is however where detail is needed, along with clear standpoints of balancing wanted and unwanted effects of subsidy as it always creates some inefficiencies, for example lock-in effects. In Sweden, with its ‘good housing for all’ ideal, prioritization becomes a very painful exercise which often results in no choices being made. One question mark that remains in me after finishing the book is why the alternative to private profitmaximization needs to be more public sector. What about civil society? In countries like Denmark, Germany and Sweden civil society initiatives have become integral parts of the housing system (partly due to political patronage). Yet today, the future of some of them is far from certain. Looking ahead, it will be interesting to see if more civil society initiativeswill spring out of frustrationwith limited politics. In this text, I have only managed to touch on a few thoughts raised by Philipps’ interesting book. This will be a book to come back to, partly as a sort of affordable housing dictionary, but most of all as a start of interesting and much needed discussions.
{"title":"Desperately seeking public housing","authors":"Stuart Hodkinson","doi":"10.1177/27541258231187378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/27541258231187378","url":null,"abstract":"people stay because they want to, including clear contractual terms, just-cause evictions and predictable rent development, is not seen as something inherently bad by all types of private investors. Predictability and attractiveness for broader groups of households reduces tenant turnover and management costs and hence increase profit. This is something that could be contemplated and discussed more broadly in many home-owner countries, especially when there is no wish to go as far as vacancy control, but focus is on softer forms of predictability. The ever-present question of who we prioritize in housing policy, must also be answered. Phillips points to the difficulty of balancing interests and that sometimes choices are so difficult that no choice is made. When it comes to subsidy, Philipps states that ‘market-rate and mixed-income construction should serve as many people as it possibly can, preserving public funds to help those with the greatest need.’ Phillips is clear in that those that are not reached by the market need to be prioritized and subsidized. Quite a few German cities seem to take this for granted and prioritize and subsidize housing in the lower, and sometimes also the moderate, income brackets. The efficient way of doing it is however where detail is needed, along with clear standpoints of balancing wanted and unwanted effects of subsidy as it always creates some inefficiencies, for example lock-in effects. In Sweden, with its ‘good housing for all’ ideal, prioritization becomes a very painful exercise which often results in no choices being made. One question mark that remains in me after finishing the book is why the alternative to private profitmaximization needs to be more public sector. What about civil society? In countries like Denmark, Germany and Sweden civil society initiatives have become integral parts of the housing system (partly due to political patronage). Yet today, the future of some of them is far from certain. Looking ahead, it will be interesting to see if more civil society initiativeswill spring out of frustrationwith limited politics. In this text, I have only managed to touch on a few thoughts raised by Philipps’ interesting book. This will be a book to come back to, partly as a sort of affordable housing dictionary, but most of all as a start of interesting and much needed discussions.","PeriodicalId":206933,"journal":{"name":"Dialogues in Urban Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130643008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/27541258231183699
Katrin B. Anacker
Housing affordability matters to people because it may impact a household’s budget, including necessary expenditures for food, utilities, health, child care, and possibly transportation to work, apart from savings for emergencies, retirement, attending college, or starting a business (Anacker et al., 2018). The almost century old housing policy landscape in the US was partially triggered by the Great Depression in the 1930s and the Civil Rights movement in the 1960s (Carr and Anacker, 2014, 2015). However, the policy landscape is balkanized (i.e. federal, state, and local programs administered by multiple administrative units and implemented by public, private, or nonprofit institutions, all at different levels (Schwartz, 2021)). Despite the existence of the policy landscape, the national housing affordability crisis has gradually worsened over the past few decades, then rapidly and exponentially intensified over the past few years (Anacker, 2019). The US has been experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic since early to late March 2020, and Congress subsequently passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Securities (CARES) Act, which authorized assistance and eviction protection for some renters, positively impacting housing affordability, in late March 2020 (Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, n.d.). However, most measures ended in 2021 or 2022, exemplifying yet again the brokenness of the housing system and that affordable housing solutions are needed more than ever (Schuetz, 2022). In The Affordable City: Strategies for Putting Housing Within Reach (and Keeping It There), Shane Phillips, who is currently an independent researcher and adjunct instructor at the Sol Price School of Public Policy at the University of Southern California, discusses several dozen solutions to the housing affordability crisis in the US. Phillips is based in California, which has been at the forefront of progressive affordable housing solutions over the past few years (Dougherty, 2018; Shaw, 2018). Expanding his lens from California to the US, he argues that the solutions to the housing crisis are based on three interconnected, equal priorities: supply (i.e., having housing for everyone), stability (i.e., having tenant protections and rental housing preservation), and subsidy (i.e., providing “benefits of abundant housing and stable communities” (p. 20)). The book has an introduction, three parts, a conclusion, and an appendix. Part I discusses principles and general recommendations with action verbs, such as “pursue,” “focus,” “adapt,” “pick,” “track,” and “align,” among others; part II is about policies, divided among supply, stability, and subsidy sections; and part III is labeled “Bringing It All Together.” Interestingly, Part III contains all the policies already discussed in Part II clustered under new sections: intermediate priority, mediumterm priority, and long-term priority. Book review forum
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Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1177/27541258231187173
M. Davidson
Metaphors are indispensable for comprehending complexity (see Landau et al. 2013). But truth and understanding are different things, and the truth content of metaphors is hotly debated. In analytical philosophy, the likes of Donald Davidson (1984) have argued that metaphors may be highly effective in prompting thought, but these thoughts have no necessary connection to truth conditions. In continental philosophy, metaphors have often been assigned a more central role. By dispensing of the objective/subjective dualism, many continental philosophers have extensively used metaphors to describe the human condition. But doubts remain. Derrida and Moore (1974) claimed that every “sign” (i.e. words) is essentially metaphorical since it cannot possibly “signify” the actual thing. For example, I might be typing with my “finger” (sign), but this word does not articulate the whole being of my digit (e.g. its tendons, muscles, scars, etc.). Nietzsche would say even more (see Kofman, 1994), claiming that there is absolutely no correspondence between the stimulus (i.e. thing in the world) and the final utterance (i.e. metaphor). Philosophical debates have therefore placed a “use with caution” label on the metaphor. The continued use of metaphors in the social sciences therefore occurs on contested philosophical grounds. And yet, this usage (and, by extension, abuse) is unavoidable. This is certainly true when it comes to the urban disciplines. The city and urbanization are immensely complex things. They are, strictly speaking, unknowable. No matter how familiar you are with a city, there will always be residents you don’t know, histories yet to be uncovered, livelihoods you’re unaware of, and changes that are yet to be noticed. This does not mean we should not try to understand cities. Rather, we simply need to be aware that the tools we employ, like metaphors, will always be partial, failing, and/ or problematic. This is one reason why I am thrilled to feature Wilson and Wyly’s (2022) forum paper in this issue. Metaphors are essential and yet potentially dangerous analytical tools. They require careful presentation and reflective discussion. I would hope that anyone reading Wilson and Wyly’s “Dracula urbanism” thesis can identify its utility. The metaphorical application of Bram Stoker’s vampire to contemporary urbanism brings a particular set of issues to the fore: parasitic development, demonization of poverty, the disciplinary use of technology, and so on. However, their metaphor also, by definition, sends other processes and things into the background. Our commentaries do a wonderful job of revealing some of these disappearances. Dallas Rogers takes up the question of metaphors and their utility directly, making a distinction between those that reveal and those that fool. Renee Tapp encourages us to look beyond the pessimism of Dracula urbanism and think
隐喻对于理解复杂性是不可或缺的(见Landau et al. 2013)。但真理和理解是不同的东西，隐喻的真理内容争论激烈。在分析哲学中，像唐纳德·戴维森(1984)这样的人认为隐喻在激发思维方面可能非常有效，但这些思维与真理条件没有必要的联系。在欧陆哲学中，隐喻往往被赋予更重要的地位。通过摒弃客观/主观二元论，许多欧陆哲学家广泛使用隐喻来描述人类状况。但疑虑依然存在。德里达和摩尔(1974)声称，每一个“符号”(即文字)本质上是隐喻的，因为它不可能“表示”实际的事物。例如，我可能正在用我的“手指”(符号)打字，但这个词并不能表达我的手指的整个存在(例如，它的肌腱、肌肉、疤痕等)。尼采甚至会说得更多(见科夫曼，1994)，声称刺激物(即世界上的事物)和最终话语(即隐喻)之间绝对没有对应关系。因此，哲学辩论给这个隐喻贴上了“谨慎使用”的标签。因此，隐喻在社会科学中的持续使用出现在有争议的哲学基础上。然而，这种用法(以及进一步说，滥用)是不可避免的。当涉及到城市学科时，这当然是正确的。城市和城市化是非常复杂的事情。严格来说，它们是不可知的。无论你多么熟悉一个城市，总有一些你不认识的居民，你还没有发现的历史，你不知道的生计，你还没有注意到的变化。这并不意味着我们不应该试图理解城市。相反，我们只需要意识到我们使用的工具，比如隐喻，将永远是不完整的、失败的和/或有问题的。这就是为什么我很高兴在这期杂志上刊登威尔逊和威利(2022)论坛论文的原因之一。隐喻是必不可少的分析工具，但也有潜在的危险。它们需要仔细的陈述和深思熟虑的讨论。我希望任何读过威尔逊和威利“德古拉城市主义”论文的人都能看出它的实用性。布拉姆·斯托克(Bram Stoker)的“吸血鬼”隐喻应用于当代城市主义，带来了一系列特别的问题:寄生发展、贫穷的妖魔化、技术的规训使用等等。然而，从定义上讲，它们的隐喻也将其他过程和事物置于背景之下。我们的评论很好地揭示了其中一些失踪事件。达拉斯·罗杰斯(Dallas Rogers)直接探讨了隐喻及其效用的问题，区分了那些具有揭示作用的隐喻和那些具有愚弄作用的隐喻。蕾妮·塔普鼓励我们超越德古拉式都市主义的悲观主义，进行思考
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