In order to measure integrated luminosity with a required precision of 10−4 at the Z0 pole, proposed CEPC e+e− collider requires a luminometer, a specially designed calorimeter placed in the very forward region to identify Bhabha scattering at low polar angles. Usually, such a device is placed at the outgoing beams, to keep the spatial symmetries of the head-on collisions at accelerators with a non-zero crossing angle. At CEPC it is currently proposed to place the luminometer on the z-axis. We review a feasibility of a measurement of the integrated luminosity at the Z0 pole with the required precision, concerning the luminometer centered around the z-axis and the post-CDR beam properties.
{"title":"Uncertainties from metrology in the integrated luminosity measurement with the updated design of a detector at CEPC","authors":"Ivan Smiljanić, Ivanka Božović, Goran Kačarević","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae141","url":null,"abstract":"In order to measure integrated luminosity with a required precision of 10−4 at the Z0 pole, proposed CEPC e+e− collider requires a luminometer, a specially designed calorimeter placed in the very forward region to identify Bhabha scattering at low polar angles. Usually, such a device is placed at the outgoing beams, to keep the spatial symmetries of the head-on collisions at accelerators with a non-zero crossing angle. At CEPC it is currently proposed to place the luminometer on the z-axis. We review a feasibility of a measurement of the integrated luminosity at the Z0 pole with the required precision, concerning the luminometer centered around the z-axis and the post-CDR beam properties.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the previous work, we discussed the cross section and the detection of 4.4-MeV γ rays produced in the neutrino neutral-current (NC) reaction 16O(ν, ν′)16O(12.97 MeV and 12.53 MeV, 2−) in a water Cherenkov detector at the low energy below 100 MeV. In this report, we further investigated both the charged-current (CC) reaction 16O($bar{nu }_e, e^+)^{16}$N(0 MeV, 2−) and the NC reaction16O(ν, ν′)16O(12.97 MeV and 12.53 MeV, 2−), producing high-energy γ rays, in which the more solid identification of the reactions can be applied via the coincidence method.
{"title":"Study of the neutrino-oxygen cross sections of the charged-current reaction 16O(ν̅e, e+) 16N(0 MeV, 2−) and the neutral-current reaction 16O(ν, ν′)16O(12.97/12.53 MeV, 2−), producing high-energy γ rays","authors":"Makoto Sakuda, Toshio Suzuki, Ken’ichiro Nakazato, Hideyuki Suzuki","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae140","url":null,"abstract":"In the previous work, we discussed the cross section and the detection of 4.4-MeV γ rays produced in the neutrino neutral-current (NC) reaction 16O(ν, ν′)16O(12.97 MeV and 12.53 MeV, 2−) in a water Cherenkov detector at the low energy below 100 MeV. In this report, we further investigated both the charged-current (CC) reaction 16O($bar{nu }_e, e^+)^{16}$N(0 MeV, 2−) and the NC reaction16O(ν, ν′)16O(12.97 MeV and 12.53 MeV, 2−), producing high-energy γ rays, in which the more solid identification of the reactions can be applied via the coincidence method.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We show that the effective potentials for the Polyakov loops in finite temperature SU(N) gauge theories obey a certain scaling relation with respect to temperature in the large-N limit. This scaling relation strongly constrains the possible terms in the Polyakov loop effective potentials. Moreover, by using the effective potentials in the presence of imaginary chemical potentials or imaginary angular velocities in several models, we find that phase transitions to Zm-type deconfinement phases (Zm phase) occur, where the eigenvalues of the Polyakov loop are distributed Zm symmetrically. Physical quantities in the Zm phase obey the scaling properties of the effective potential. The models include Yang-Mills (YM) theories, the bosonic BFSS matrix model and ${mathcal {N}}=4$ supersymmetric YM theory on S3. Thus, the phase diagrams of large-N gauge theories with imaginary chemical potentials are very rich and the stable Zm phase would be ubiquitous. Monte-Carlo calculations also support this. As a related topic, we discuss the phase diagrams of large-N YM theories with real angular velocities in finite volume spaces.
{"title":"A Scaling Relation, Zm-type Deconfinement Phases and Imaginary Chemical Potentials in Finite Temperature Large-N Gauge Theories","authors":"Takehiro Azuma, Takeshi Morita","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae130","url":null,"abstract":"We show that the effective potentials for the Polyakov loops in finite temperature SU(N) gauge theories obey a certain scaling relation with respect to temperature in the large-N limit. This scaling relation strongly constrains the possible terms in the Polyakov loop effective potentials. Moreover, by using the effective potentials in the presence of imaginary chemical potentials or imaginary angular velocities in several models, we find that phase transitions to Zm-type deconfinement phases (Zm phase) occur, where the eigenvalues of the Polyakov loop are distributed Zm symmetrically. Physical quantities in the Zm phase obey the scaling properties of the effective potential. The models include Yang-Mills (YM) theories, the bosonic BFSS matrix model and ${mathcal {N}}=4$ supersymmetric YM theory on S3. Thus, the phase diagrams of large-N gauge theories with imaginary chemical potentials are very rich and the stable Zm phase would be ubiquitous. Monte-Carlo calculations also support this. As a related topic, we discuss the phase diagrams of large-N YM theories with real angular velocities in finite volume spaces.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nuclear transmutation emerges as a promising approach for reprocessing high-level waste, specifically treating long-lived nuclides like 93Zr from spent fuel. It is essential to accumulate reaction data for these nuclei to advance this prominent treatment and to build a comprehensive understanding of reaction mechanisms. In this study, the residual production cross sections resulting from proton-induced reactions on 93Zr were measured at 27 MeV/nucleon in inverse kinematics. At the RI Beam Factory (RIBF) the OEDO beamline was used to deduce production cross sections for isotopes, 91 − 93Nb, 91, 92Zr, and 88, 89Y. Comparing the results from this study and prior research with calculated excitation functions, a moderate agreement is found with theoretical predictions derived from TALYS and CCONE. The measured cross sections offer valuable insights for future considerations in nuclear-waste treatment facilities. This is particularly relevant for facilities exploring innovative methods, such as accelerator-driven systems.
{"title":"Production Cross Sections of Residual Nuclides from 93Zr + p at 27 MeV/Nucleon","authors":"Jongwon Hwang, Thomas Chillery, Masanori Dozono, Nobuaki Imai, Shin’ichiro Michimasa, Toshiyuki Sumikama, Nobuyuki Chiga, Shinsuke Ota, Shinsuke Nakayama, Deuk Soon Ahn, Olga Beliuskina, Kazuya Chikaato, Naoki Fukuda, Seiya Hayakawa, Eiji Ideguchi, Kotaro Iribe, Chihiro Iwamoto, Shoichiro Kawase, Keita Kawata, Noritaka Kitamura, Kensuke Kusaka, Shoichiro Masuoka, Hareru Miki, Hiroari Miyatake, Daisuke Nagae, Ryo Nakajima, Keita Nakano, Masao Ohtake, Shunichiro Omika, Hooi Jin Ong, Hideaki Otsu, Hiroyoshi Sakurai, Philipp Schrock, Hideki Shimizu, Yohei Shimizu, Xiaohui Sun, Daisuke Suzuki, Hiroshi Suzuki, Motonobu Takaki, Maya Takechi, Hiroyuki Takeda, Satoshi Takeuchi, Takashi Teranishi, Rieko Tsunoda, He Wang, Yukinobu Watanabe, Yutaka X Watanabe, Kathrin Wimmer, Kentaro Yako, Hiroki Yamada, Kazunari Yamada, Hidetoshi Yamaguchi, Lei Yang, Rikuto Yanagihara, Yoshiyuki Yanagisawa, Hiroya Yoshida, Koichi Yoshida, Susumu Shimoura","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae139","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear transmutation emerges as a promising approach for reprocessing high-level waste, specifically treating long-lived nuclides like 93Zr from spent fuel. It is essential to accumulate reaction data for these nuclei to advance this prominent treatment and to build a comprehensive understanding of reaction mechanisms. In this study, the residual production cross sections resulting from proton-induced reactions on 93Zr were measured at 27 MeV/nucleon in inverse kinematics. At the RI Beam Factory (RIBF) the OEDO beamline was used to deduce production cross sections for isotopes, 91 − 93Nb, 91, 92Zr, and 88, 89Y. Comparing the results from this study and prior research with calculated excitation functions, a moderate agreement is found with theoretical predictions derived from TALYS and CCONE. The measured cross sections offer valuable insights for future considerations in nuclear-waste treatment facilities. This is particularly relevant for facilities exploring innovative methods, such as accelerator-driven systems.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Random tensor models have applications in a variety of fields, such as quantum gravity, quantum information theory, mathematics of modern technologies, etc., and studying their statistical properties, e.g., tensor eigenvalue/vector distributions, are interesting and useful. Recently some tensor eigenvalue/vector distributions have been computed by expressing them as partition functions of zero-dimensional quantum field theories. In this paper, using the method, we compute three cases of complex eigenvalue/vector distributions of symmetric order-three random tensors, where the three cases can be characterized by the Lie-group invariances, $O(N,mathbb {R})$, $O(N,mathbb {C})$, and $U(N,mathbb {C})$, respectively. Exact closed-form expressions of the distributions are obtained by computing partition functions of four-fermi theories, where the last case is of the “signed” distribution which counts the distribution with a sign factor coming from a Hessian matrix. As an application, we compute the injective norm of the complex symmetric order-three random tensor in the large-N limit by computing the edge of the last signed distribution, obtaining agreement with a former numerical result in the literature.
随机张量模型在量子引力、量子信息论、现代技术数学等多个领域都有应用，研究它们的统计特性，如张量特征值/矢量分布，既有趣又有用。最近，一些张量特征值/矢量分布被计算成零维量子场论的分割函数。本文利用该方法计算了对称三阶随机张量的复特征值/矢量分布的三种情况，这三种情况可以用李群不变量来表征，分别是$O(N,mathbb {R})$、$O(N,mathbb {C})$和$U(N,mathbb {C})$。通过计算四铁米理论的分区函数，我们可以得到这些分布的精确闭式表达，其中最后一种情况是 "符号 "分布，即用来自赫森矩阵的符号因子来计算分布。作为应用，我们通过计算最后一种有符号分布的边缘，计算了复对称三阶随机张量在大 N 极限的注入规范，并与文献中的一个前数值结果达成了一致。
{"title":"Three Cases of Complex Eigenvalue/Vector Distributions of Symmetric Order-Three Random Tensors","authors":"Swastik Majumder, Naoki Sasakura","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae136","url":null,"abstract":"Random tensor models have applications in a variety of fields, such as quantum gravity, quantum information theory, mathematics of modern technologies, etc., and studying their statistical properties, e.g., tensor eigenvalue/vector distributions, are interesting and useful. Recently some tensor eigenvalue/vector distributions have been computed by expressing them as partition functions of zero-dimensional quantum field theories. In this paper, using the method, we compute three cases of complex eigenvalue/vector distributions of symmetric order-three random tensors, where the three cases can be characterized by the Lie-group invariances, $O(N,mathbb {R})$, $O(N,mathbb {C})$, and $U(N,mathbb {C})$, respectively. Exact closed-form expressions of the distributions are obtained by computing partition functions of four-fermi theories, where the last case is of the “signed” distribution which counts the distribution with a sign factor coming from a Hessian matrix. As an application, we compute the injective norm of the complex symmetric order-three random tensor in the large-N limit by computing the edge of the last signed distribution, obtaining agreement with a former numerical result in the literature.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We analyze boundary spin correlation functions of the hyperbolic-lattice Ising model from the holographic point of view. Using the corner-transfer-matrix renormalization group (CTMRG) method, we demonstrate that the boundary correlation function exhibits power-law decay with quasi-periodic oscillation, while the bulk correlation function always decays exponentially. On the basis of the geometric relation between the bulk correlation path and distance along the outer edge boundary, we find that scaling dimensions for the boundary correlation function can be well explained by the combination of the bulk correlation length and background curvatures inherent to the hyperbolic lattice. We also investigate the cutoff effect of the bond dimension in CTMRG, revealing that the long-distance behavior of the boundary spin correlation is accurately described even with a small bond dimension. In contrast, the sort-distance behavior rapidly loses its accuracy.
{"title":"Holographic analysis of boundary correlation functions for the hyperbolic-lattice Ising model","authors":"Kouichi Okunishi, Tomotoshi Nishino","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae137","url":null,"abstract":"We analyze boundary spin correlation functions of the hyperbolic-lattice Ising model from the holographic point of view. Using the corner-transfer-matrix renormalization group (CTMRG) method, we demonstrate that the boundary correlation function exhibits power-law decay with quasi-periodic oscillation, while the bulk correlation function always decays exponentially. On the basis of the geometric relation between the bulk correlation path and distance along the outer edge boundary, we find that scaling dimensions for the boundary correlation function can be well explained by the combination of the bulk correlation length and background curvatures inherent to the hyperbolic lattice. We also investigate the cutoff effect of the bond dimension in CTMRG, revealing that the long-distance behavior of the boundary spin correlation is accurately described even with a small bond dimension. In contrast, the sort-distance behavior rapidly loses its accuracy.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiromi Saida, Sena A Matsui, Tsutomu T Takeuchi, Shogo Nishiyama, Rio Saitou, Yohsuke Takamori, Masaaki Takahashi
We have performed a parametrized post-Newtonian (PPN) test of a black hole spacetime using observational data of the star S0-2/S2 orbiting the massive black hole at our galactic center Sgr A* . After introducing our PPN model of black hole spacetime, we report the result of χ2 fitting of the PPN model with the observational data. A new finding through our PPN model is a detectability of the gravitational lens effect on the null geodesics connecting S0-2 and observer under the present observational uncertainties, if a PPN parameter is about one order larger than the value for general relativity case. On the other hand, the effect of black hole spin on the S0-2’s motion is not detectable. Thus our present PPN test is performed with spherically symmetric vacuum black hole spacetime. The resultant value of the PPN parameter, which corresponds to the minimum χ2, implies that the gravitational field of Sgr A* is not of Schwarzschild metric or that the existence of sufficient amount of dark matters around Sgr A* . However, the difference between the minimum χ2 and the χ2 of Schwarzschild case is not large enough to ensure a statistical significance of non-Schwarzschild result. A more precise statistical analysis than χ2 statistics is necessary to extract a statistically significant information of the gravitational field of Sgr A* from present observational data. We will report a result by a Bayesian analysis in next paper.
{"title":"Parametrized-Post-Newtonian Test of Black Hole Spacetime for Galactic Center Massive Black Hole Sgr A* : Formulation and χ2 Fitting","authors":"Hiromi Saida, Sena A Matsui, Tsutomu T Takeuchi, Shogo Nishiyama, Rio Saitou, Yohsuke Takamori, Masaaki Takahashi","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae132","url":null,"abstract":"We have performed a parametrized post-Newtonian (PPN) test of a black hole spacetime using observational data of the star S0-2/S2 orbiting the massive black hole at our galactic center Sgr A* . After introducing our PPN model of black hole spacetime, we report the result of χ2 fitting of the PPN model with the observational data. A new finding through our PPN model is a detectability of the gravitational lens effect on the null geodesics connecting S0-2 and observer under the present observational uncertainties, if a PPN parameter is about one order larger than the value for general relativity case. On the other hand, the effect of black hole spin on the S0-2’s motion is not detectable. Thus our present PPN test is performed with spherically symmetric vacuum black hole spacetime. The resultant value of the PPN parameter, which corresponds to the minimum χ2, implies that the gravitational field of Sgr A* is not of Schwarzschild metric or that the existence of sufficient amount of dark matters around Sgr A* . However, the difference between the minimum χ2 and the χ2 of Schwarzschild case is not large enough to ensure a statistical significance of non-Schwarzschild result. A more precise statistical analysis than χ2 statistics is necessary to extract a statistically significant information of the gravitational field of Sgr A* from present observational data. We will report a result by a Bayesian analysis in next paper.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We performed a measurement of the inclusive missing-mass spectrum of the 12C(K−, K+) reaction at an incident beam momentum of 1.8 GeV/c. This measurement was carried out by using the Superconducting Kaon Spectrometer (SKS) and the K1.8 beamline spectrometer at the Hadron Experimental Facility in J-PARC. From the missing-mass of the 12C(K−, K+) reaction, the binding energy of a Ξ− hyperon in a core 11B nucleus, $B_{Xi ^-}$, can be calculated. Our experimental setup yielded a good energy resolution of 8.2 MeV (FWHM), which allowed us to observe significant enhancements in the proximity of the $^{12}_{Xi }$Be production threshold region. In order to extract information from the missing-mass spectrum, we employed several fitting parameters assumptions. A good agreement with the spectrum shape was obtained by adding two Gaussian functions, with the constant experimental resolution for the Ξ-hypernuclear states, to the background distribution. The peak positions were obtained to be $B_{Xi ^-} = 8.9 pm 1.4$ (stat.) $^{+3.8}_{-3.1}$ (syst.) MeV and $B_{Xi ^-} = -2.4 pm 1.3$ (stat.) $^{+2.8}_{-1.2}$ (syst.) MeV. Another model assumption, one Breit-Wigner function with $B_{Xi ^-} = -2.7 pm 2.2$ (stat.) $^{+0.5}_{-0.7}$ (syst.) MeV and Γ = 4.1 ± 2.1 (stat.) $^{+1.2}_{-0.7}$ (syst.) MeV, also yielded a similar χ2 value.
{"title":"Missing-mass measurement of the 12C(K−, K+) reaction at 1.8 GeV/c with the SKS spectrometer","authors":"Yudai Ichikawa, Jung Keun Ahn, Yuya Akazawa, Kanae Aoki, Elena Botta, Hiroyuki Ekawa, Petr Evtoukhovitch, Alessandro Feliciello, Manami Fujita, Toshiyuki Gogami, Shoichi Hasegawa, Tomoyuki Hasegawa, Shuhei Hayakawa, Tomonori Hayakawa, Ryotaro Honda, Kenji Hosomi, Ken’ichi Imai, Wooseung Jung, Shunsuke Kanatsuki, Shin Hyung Kim, Shinji Kinbara, Kazuya Kobayashi, Jaeyong Lee, Simonetta Marcello, Koji Miwa, Taejin Moon, Tomofumi Nagae, Yoshiyuki Nakada, Manami Nakagawa, Takuya Nanamura, Megumi Naruki, Atsushi Sakaguchi, Hiroyuki Sako, Susumu Sato, Yuki Sasaki, Kotaro Shirotori, Hitoshi Sugimura, Toshiyuki Takahashi, Hirokazu Tamura, Kiyoshi Tanida, Zviadi Tsamalaidze, Mifuyu Ukai, Takeshi O Yamamoto","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae133","url":null,"abstract":"We performed a measurement of the inclusive missing-mass spectrum of the 12C(K−, K+) reaction at an incident beam momentum of 1.8 GeV/c. This measurement was carried out by using the Superconducting Kaon Spectrometer (SKS) and the K1.8 beamline spectrometer at the Hadron Experimental Facility in J-PARC. From the missing-mass of the 12C(K−, K+) reaction, the binding energy of a Ξ− hyperon in a core 11B nucleus, $B_{Xi ^-}$, can be calculated. Our experimental setup yielded a good energy resolution of 8.2 MeV (FWHM), which allowed us to observe significant enhancements in the proximity of the $^{12}_{Xi }$Be production threshold region. In order to extract information from the missing-mass spectrum, we employed several fitting parameters assumptions. A good agreement with the spectrum shape was obtained by adding two Gaussian functions, with the constant experimental resolution for the Ξ-hypernuclear states, to the background distribution. The peak positions were obtained to be $B_{Xi ^-} = 8.9 pm 1.4$ (stat.) $^{+3.8}_{-3.1}$ (syst.) MeV and $B_{Xi ^-} = -2.4 pm 1.3$ (stat.) $^{+2.8}_{-1.2}$ (syst.) MeV. Another model assumption, one Breit-Wigner function with $B_{Xi ^-} = -2.7 pm 2.2$ (stat.) $^{+0.5}_{-0.7}$ (syst.) MeV and Γ = 4.1 ± 2.1 (stat.) $^{+1.2}_{-0.7}$ (syst.) MeV, also yielded a similar χ2 value.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electron as well as proton elastic scattering is not able to determine the point proton and point neutron densities, ρτ(r), (τ = p, n), separately. If both scatterings are analyzed consistently, those densities would be determined uniquely, since the two densities are observed by different combinations from each other. The previous experiments did not provide ρτ(r) uniquely, but the values of the mean square radii of ρp(r), 〈 r2 〉p, and of ρn(r), 〈 r2 〉n, are shown to be determined consistently through the fourth moment of the observed charge density, 〈 r4 〉c, in 208Pb. The previous analyses of (γ, π0) and $bar{p}$-nucleus obtained a similar value of 〈 r2 〉n, but they do not yield the experimental value of 〈 r4 〉c observed in electron scattering.
{"title":"The Neutron Skin-Thickness of 208Pb Determined by Electron and Proton Scattering","authors":"Toshio Suzuki, Rika Danjo, Toshimi Suda","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae131","url":null,"abstract":"Electron as well as proton elastic scattering is not able to determine the point proton and point neutron densities, ρτ(r), (τ = p, n), separately. If both scatterings are analyzed consistently, those densities would be determined uniquely, since the two densities are observed by different combinations from each other. The previous experiments did not provide ρτ(r) uniquely, but the values of the mean square radii of ρp(r), 〈 r2 〉p, and of ρn(r), 〈 r2 〉n, are shown to be determined consistently through the fourth moment of the observed charge density, 〈 r4 〉c, in 208Pb. The previous analyses of (γ, π0) and $bar{p}$-nucleus obtained a similar value of 〈 r2 〉n, but they do not yield the experimental value of 〈 r4 〉c observed in electron scattering.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M Mori, K Abe, Y Hayato, K Hiraide, K Hosokawa, K Ieki, M Ikeda, J Kameda, Y Kanemura, R Kaneshima, Y Kashiwagi, Y Kataoka, S Miki, S Mine, M Miura, S Moriyama, Y Nakano, M Nakahata, S Nakayama, Y Noguchi, K Okamoto, K Sato, H Sekiya, H Shiba, K Shimizu, M Shiozawa, Y Sonoda, Y Suzuki, A Takeda, Y Takemoto, A Takenaka, H Tanaka, S Watanabe, T Yano, S Han, T Kajita, K Okumura, T Tashiro, T Tomiya, X Wang, S Yoshida, G D Megias, P Fernandez, L Labarga, N Ospina, B Zaldivar, B W Pointon, E Kearns, J L Raaf, L Wan, T Wester, J Bian, N J Griskevich, S Locke, M B Smy, H W Sobel, V Takhistov, A Yankelevich, J Hill, M C Jang, S H Lee, D H Moon, R G Park, B Bodur, K Scholberg, C W Walter, A Beauchêne, O Drapier, A Giampaolo, Th A Mueller, A D Santos, P Paganini, B Quilain, R Rogly, T Ishizuka, T Nakamura, J S Jang, J G Learned, K Choi, N Iovine, S Cao, L H V Anthony, D Martin, M Scott, A A Sztuc, Y Uchida, V Berardi, M G Catanesi, E Radicioni, N F Calabria, A Langella, L N Machado, G De Rosa, G Collazuol, F Iacob, M Lamoureux, M Mattiazzi, L Ludovici, M Gonin, L Perisse, G Pronost, C Fujisawa, Y Maekawa, Y Nishimura, R Okazaki, R Akutsu, M Friend, T Hasegawa, T Ishida, T Kobayashi, M Jakkapu, T Matsubara, T Nakadaira, K Nakamura, Y Oyama, K Sakashita, T Sekiguchi, T Tsukamoto, N Bhuiyan, G T Burton, R Edwards, F Di Lodovico, J Gao, A Goldsack, T Katori, J Migenda, R M Ramsden, Z Xie, S Zsoldos, Y Kotsar, H Ozaki, A T Suzuki, Y Takagi, Y Takeuchi, H Zhong, C Bronner, J Feng, J R Hu, Z Hu, M Kawaune, T Kikawa, F LiCheng, T Nakaya, R A Wendell, K Yasutome, S J Jenkins, N McCauley, P Mehta, A Tarant, Y Fukuda, Y Itow, H Menjo, K Ninomiya, Y Yoshioka, J Lagoda, S M Lakshmi, M Mandal, P Mijakowski, Y S Prabhu, J Zalipska, M Jia, J Jiang, C K Jung, W Shi, M J Wilking, C Yanagisawa, M Harada, Y Hino, H Ishino, H Kitagawa, Y Koshio, F Nakanishi, S Sakai, T Tada, T Tano, G Barr, D Barrow, L Cook, S Samani, D Wark, A Holin, F Nova, S Jung, B S Yang, J Y Yang, J Yoo, J E P Fannon, L Kneale, M Malek, J M McElwee, M D Thiesse, L F Thompson, S Wilson, H Okazawa, S B Kim, E Kwon, J W Seo, I Yu, A K Ichikawa, K D Nakamura, S Tairafune, K Nishijima, A Eguchi, K Nakagiri, Y Nakajima, S Shima, N Taniuchi, E Watanabe, M Yokoyama, P de Perio, S Fujita, K Martens, K M Tsui, M R Vagins, C J Valls, J Xia, M Kuze, S Izumiyama, M Ishitsuka, H Ito, T Kinoshita, R Matsumoto, Y Ommura, N Shigeta, M Shinoki, T Suganuma, K Yamauchi, T Yoshida, J F Martin, H A Tanaka, T Towstego, R Gaur, V Gousy-Leblanc, M Hartz, A Konaka, X Li, N W Prouse, S Chen, B D Xu, B Zhang, M Posiadala-Zezula, S B Boyd, D Hadley, M Nicholson, M O’Flaherty, B Richards, A Ali, B Jamieson, S Amanai, Ll Marti, A Minamino, G Pintaudi, S Sano, S Suzuki, K Wada
Neutrinos from very nearby supernovae, such as Betelgeuse, are expected to generate more than ten million events over 10 s in Super-Kamokande (SK). At such large event rates, the buffers of the SK analog-to-digital conversion board (QBEE) will overflow, causing random loss of data that is critical for understanding the dynamics of the supernova explosion mechanism. In order to solve this problem, two new DAQ modules were developed to aid in the observation of very nearby supernovae. The first of these, the SN module, is designed to save only the number of hit PMTs during a supernova burst and the second, the Veto module, prescales the high rate neutrino events to prevent the QBEE from overflowing based on information from the SN module. In the event of a very nearby supernova, these modules allow SK to reconstruct the time evolution of the neutrino event rate from beginning to end using both QBEE and SN module data. This paper presents the development and testing of these modules together with an analysis of supernova-like data generated with a flashing laser diode. We demonstrate that the Veto module successfully prevents DAQ overflows for Betelgeuse-like supernovae as well as the long-term stability of the new modules. During normal running the Veto module is found to issue DAQ vetos a few times per month resulting in a total dead time less than 1 ms, and does not influence ordinary operations. Additionally, using simulation data we find that supernovae closer than 800 pc will trigger Veto module resulting in a prescaling of the observed neutrino data.
来自非常近的超新星（如参宿四）的中微子预计会在超级卡莫坎德（SK）的 10 秒钟内产生超过 1 千万个事件。在如此大的事件发生率下，SK 模数转换板（QBEE）的缓冲器将溢出，导致数据随机丢失，而这些数据对于了解超新星爆炸机制的动态至关重要。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了两个新的 DAQ 模块，以帮助观测非常邻近的超新星。其中第一个模块，即 SN 模块，旨在仅保存超新星爆发期间被击中的 PMT 的数量；第二个模块，即 Veto 模块，根据 SN 模块提供的信息，对高频率中微子事件进行预缩放，以防止 QBEE 溢出。在发生非常邻近的超新星时，这些模块允许 SK 利用 QBEE 和 SN 模块数据重建中微子事件率从开始到结束的时间演变。本文介绍了这些模块的开发和测试情况，以及对使用闪烁激光二极管生成的类似超新星数据的分析。我们证明了Veto模块成功地防止了类贝特宙超新星的DAQ溢出以及新模块的长期稳定性。在正常运行过程中，我们发现 "Veto "模块每月会发出几次 DAQ vetos，总死机时间小于 1 毫秒，不会影响正常运行。此外，利用模拟数据，我们发现距离 800 pc 以上的超新星会触发 Veto 模块，导致观测到的中微子数据预缩放。
{"title":"Development of a Data Overflow Protection System for Super-Kamiokande to Maximize Data from Nearby Supernovae","authors":"M Mori, K Abe, Y Hayato, K Hiraide, K Hosokawa, K Ieki, M Ikeda, J Kameda, Y Kanemura, R Kaneshima, Y Kashiwagi, Y Kataoka, S Miki, S Mine, M Miura, S Moriyama, Y Nakano, M Nakahata, S Nakayama, Y Noguchi, K Okamoto, K Sato, H Sekiya, H Shiba, K Shimizu, M Shiozawa, Y Sonoda, Y Suzuki, A Takeda, Y Takemoto, A Takenaka, H Tanaka, S Watanabe, T Yano, S Han, T Kajita, K Okumura, T Tashiro, T Tomiya, X Wang, S Yoshida, G D Megias, P Fernandez, L Labarga, N Ospina, B Zaldivar, B W Pointon, E Kearns, J L Raaf, L Wan, T Wester, J Bian, N J Griskevich, S Locke, M B Smy, H W Sobel, V Takhistov, A Yankelevich, J Hill, M C Jang, S H Lee, D H Moon, R G Park, B Bodur, K Scholberg, C W Walter, A Beauchêne, O Drapier, A Giampaolo, Th A Mueller, A D Santos, P Paganini, B Quilain, R Rogly, T Ishizuka, T Nakamura, J S Jang, J G Learned, K Choi, N Iovine, S Cao, L H V Anthony, D Martin, M Scott, A A Sztuc, Y Uchida, V Berardi, M G Catanesi, E Radicioni, N F Calabria, A Langella, L N Machado, G De Rosa, G Collazuol, F Iacob, M Lamoureux, M Mattiazzi, L Ludovici, M Gonin, L Perisse, G Pronost, C Fujisawa, Y Maekawa, Y Nishimura, R Okazaki, R Akutsu, M Friend, T Hasegawa, T Ishida, T Kobayashi, M Jakkapu, T Matsubara, T Nakadaira, K Nakamura, Y Oyama, K Sakashita, T Sekiguchi, T Tsukamoto, N Bhuiyan, G T Burton, R Edwards, F Di Lodovico, J Gao, A Goldsack, T Katori, J Migenda, R M Ramsden, Z Xie, S Zsoldos, Y Kotsar, H Ozaki, A T Suzuki, Y Takagi, Y Takeuchi, H Zhong, C Bronner, J Feng, J R Hu, Z Hu, M Kawaune, T Kikawa, F LiCheng, T Nakaya, R A Wendell, K Yasutome, S J Jenkins, N McCauley, P Mehta, A Tarant, Y Fukuda, Y Itow, H Menjo, K Ninomiya, Y Yoshioka, J Lagoda, S M Lakshmi, M Mandal, P Mijakowski, Y S Prabhu, J Zalipska, M Jia, J Jiang, C K Jung, W Shi, M J Wilking, C Yanagisawa, M Harada, Y Hino, H Ishino, H Kitagawa, Y Koshio, F Nakanishi, S Sakai, T Tada, T Tano, G Barr, D Barrow, L Cook, S Samani, D Wark, A Holin, F Nova, S Jung, B S Yang, J Y Yang, J Yoo, J E P Fannon, L Kneale, M Malek, J M McElwee, M D Thiesse, L F Thompson, S Wilson, H Okazawa, S B Kim, E Kwon, J W Seo, I Yu, A K Ichikawa, K D Nakamura, S Tairafune, K Nishijima, A Eguchi, K Nakagiri, Y Nakajima, S Shima, N Taniuchi, E Watanabe, M Yokoyama, P de Perio, S Fujita, K Martens, K M Tsui, M R Vagins, C J Valls, J Xia, M Kuze, S Izumiyama, M Ishitsuka, H Ito, T Kinoshita, R Matsumoto, Y Ommura, N Shigeta, M Shinoki, T Suganuma, K Yamauchi, T Yoshida, J F Martin, H A Tanaka, T Towstego, R Gaur, V Gousy-Leblanc, M Hartz, A Konaka, X Li, N W Prouse, S Chen, B D Xu, B Zhang, M Posiadala-Zezula, S B Boyd, D Hadley, M Nicholson, M O’Flaherty, B Richards, A Ali, B Jamieson, S Amanai, Ll Marti, A Minamino, G Pintaudi, S Sano, S Suzuki, K Wada","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae128","url":null,"abstract":"Neutrinos from very nearby supernovae, such as Betelgeuse, are expected to generate more than ten million events over 10 s in Super-Kamokande (SK). At such large event rates, the buffers of the SK analog-to-digital conversion board (QBEE) will overflow, causing random loss of data that is critical for understanding the dynamics of the supernova explosion mechanism. In order to solve this problem, two new DAQ modules were developed to aid in the observation of very nearby supernovae. The first of these, the SN module, is designed to save only the number of hit PMTs during a supernova burst and the second, the Veto module, prescales the high rate neutrino events to prevent the QBEE from overflowing based on information from the SN module. In the event of a very nearby supernova, these modules allow SK to reconstruct the time evolution of the neutrino event rate from beginning to end using both QBEE and SN module data. This paper presents the development and testing of these modules together with an analysis of supernova-like data generated with a flashing laser diode. We demonstrate that the Veto module successfully prevents DAQ overflows for Betelgeuse-like supernovae as well as the long-term stability of the new modules. During normal running the Veto module is found to issue DAQ vetos a few times per month resulting in a total dead time less than 1 ms, and does not influence ordinary operations. Additionally, using simulation data we find that supernovae closer than 800 pc will trigger Veto module resulting in a prescaling of the observed neutrino data.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142213306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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