K Ichimura, K Chiba, Y Gando, H Ikeda, Y Kishimoto, M Kurasawa, K Nemoto, A Sakaguchi, Y Takaku, Y Sakakieda
We have established a method to measure picograms-per-gram (pg g−1) levels of 238U and 232Th in scintillation films by combining the dry ashing method and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Trace amounts of 238U and 232Th were measured in up to 2 g of the scintillation film with almost 100% collection efficiency. This paper details the experimental procedure, including the pretreatment of the samples and labware, detection limit of the method, collection efficiencies of 238U and 232Th, and measurement of 238U and 232Th in a polyethylene naphthalate film. This method is also applicable to 238U and 232Th measurements in other low-background organic materials for rare event search experiments.
{"title":"Development of a method to measure trace level of uranium and thorium in scintillation films","authors":"K Ichimura, K Chiba, Y Gando, H Ikeda, Y Kishimoto, M Kurasawa, K Nemoto, A Sakaguchi, Y Takaku, Y Sakakieda","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae071","url":null,"abstract":"We have established a method to measure picograms-per-gram (pg g−1) levels of 238U and 232Th in scintillation films by combining the dry ashing method and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Trace amounts of 238U and 232Th were measured in up to 2 g of the scintillation film with almost 100% collection efficiency. This paper details the experimental procedure, including the pretreatment of the samples and labware, detection limit of the method, collection efficiencies of 238U and 232Th, and measurement of 238U and 232Th in a polyethylene naphthalate film. This method is also applicable to 238U and 232Th measurements in other low-background organic materials for rare event search experiments.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140938128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We consider a six dimensional gauge theory compactified on $T^2/mathbb {Z}_2$ with magnetic flux. The configurations of models are classified by winding numbers at the fixed points. Requiring the existence of generation numbers and Yukawa coupling, we see that allowed and forbidden configurations are described by geometry of winding numbers.
{"title":"Toward realistic models in T2/ℤ2 flux compactification","authors":"Hiroki Imai, Nobuhito Maru","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae070","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a six dimensional gauge theory compactified on $T^2/mathbb {Z}_2$ with magnetic flux. The configurations of models are classified by winding numbers at the fixed points. Requiring the existence of generation numbers and Yukawa coupling, we see that allowed and forbidden configurations are described by geometry of winding numbers.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140938352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: Decays of Standard Model–Like Higgs Boson h → γγ, Zγ in a Minimal Left-Right Symmetric Model","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141038632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Majorana fermions are spin-1/2 neutral particles that are their own antiparticles and were initially predicted by Ettore Majorana in particle physics but their observation still remains elusive. The concept of Majorana fermions has been borrowed into condensed matter physics, where, unlike particle physics, Majorana fermions emerge as zero-energy quasiparticles that can be engineered by combining electrons and holes and have therefore been coined Majorana zero modes. In this review, we provide a pedagogical explanation of the basic properties of Majorana zero modes in unconventional superconductors and their consequences in experimental observables, putting a special emphasis on the initial theoretical discoveries. In particular, we first show that Majorana zero modes are self-conjugated and emerge as a special type of zero energy surface Andreev bound states at the boundary of unconventional superconductors. We then explore Majorana zero modes in one-dimensional spin-polarized p-wave superconductors, where we address the formation of topological superconductivity and the physical realization in superconductor-semiconductor hybrids. In this part we highlight that Majorana quasiparticles appear as zero-energy edge states, exhibiting charge neutrality, spin-polarized, and spatial nonlocality as unique properties that can be already seen from their energies and wavefunctions. Next, we discuss analytically obtained Green’s functions of p-wave superconductors and demonstrate that the emergence of Majorana zero modes is always accompanied by the formation of odd-frequency spin-triplet pairing as a unique result of the self-conjugate nature of Majorana zero modes. We finally address the signatures of Majorana zero modes in tunneling spectroscopy, including the anomalous proximity effect, and the phase-biased Josephson effect.
马约拉纳费米子是自旋-1/2 的中性粒子，是自身的反粒子，最初是由埃托雷-马约拉纳（Ettore Majorana）在粒子物理学中预言的，但对它们的观测仍然遥不可及。马约拉纳费米子的概念被借用到凝聚态物理学中，与粒子物理学不同的是，马约拉纳费米子是以零能量准粒子的形式出现的，可以通过结合电子和空穴来实现，因此被称为马约拉纳零模。在这篇综述中，我们将对非常规超导体中马约拉纳零模的基本特性及其在实验观测指标中的后果进行教学解释，并特别强调最初的理论发现。特别是，我们首先证明了马约拉纳零模是自共轭的，是非常规超导体边界上一种特殊的零能面安德烈耶夫束缚态。然后，我们探讨了一维自旋极化 p 波超导体中的马约拉纳零模，并在此基础上讨论了拓扑超导的形成以及在超导体-半导体混合体中的物理实现。在这一部分中，我们强调马约拉纳准粒子作为零能级边缘态出现，表现出电荷中性、自旋极化和空间非局域性等独特性质，这些性质从它们的能量和波函数中已经可以看出。接下来，我们讨论了通过分析获得的 p 波超导体的格林函数，并证明马约拉纳零模的出现总是伴随着奇频自旋-三胞胎配对的形成，这是马约拉纳零模自共轭性质的独特结果。最后，我们讨论了马约拉纳零模在隧道光谱学中的特征，包括反常接近效应和相位偏约瑟夫森效应。
{"title":"Theory of majorana zero modes in unconventional superconductors","authors":"Yukio Tanaka, Shun Tamura, Jorge Cayao","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae065","url":null,"abstract":"Majorana fermions are spin-1/2 neutral particles that are their own antiparticles and were initially predicted by Ettore Majorana in particle physics but their observation still remains elusive. The concept of Majorana fermions has been borrowed into condensed matter physics, where, unlike particle physics, Majorana fermions emerge as zero-energy quasiparticles that can be engineered by combining electrons and holes and have therefore been coined Majorana zero modes. In this review, we provide a pedagogical explanation of the basic properties of Majorana zero modes in unconventional superconductors and their consequences in experimental observables, putting a special emphasis on the initial theoretical discoveries. In particular, we first show that Majorana zero modes are self-conjugated and emerge as a special type of zero energy surface Andreev bound states at the boundary of unconventional superconductors. We then explore Majorana zero modes in one-dimensional spin-polarized p-wave superconductors, where we address the formation of topological superconductivity and the physical realization in superconductor-semiconductor hybrids. In this part we highlight that Majorana quasiparticles appear as zero-energy edge states, exhibiting charge neutrality, spin-polarized, and spatial nonlocality as unique properties that can be already seen from their energies and wavefunctions. Next, we discuss analytically obtained Green’s functions of p-wave superconductors and demonstrate that the emergence of Majorana zero modes is always accompanied by the formation of odd-frequency spin-triplet pairing as a unique result of the self-conjugate nature of Majorana zero modes. We finally address the signatures of Majorana zero modes in tunneling spectroscopy, including the anomalous proximity effect, and the phase-biased Josephson effect.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140835541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study the gauge coupling unification (GCU) and proton decay in a non-supersymmetric SU(5) grand unified theory (GUT) incorporating a 45 representation Higgs field. Our analysis is based on the assumption that Georgi-Jarlskog-type mass matrices for fermions are responsible for explaining the mass ratio of the strange quark and the muon. We examine the conditions of GCU, taking into account the possibility that certain components of the 45 Higgs field have masses much smaller than the GUT scale. We have found that to satisfy the GCU conditions, at least two components of the 45 Higgs field should have such small masses. We search the parameter space to identify regions where the GCU conditions are satisfied, in the scenarios where two or three components of the 45 Higgs boson are hierarchically light. If the colored Higgs component of the 45 Higgs boson has a mass much smaller than the GUT scale, proton decay via colored Higgs boson exchange can occur with an observably large rate. We estimate the mass bounds for the colored Higgs component from the proton decay search at Super-Kamiokande and thereby further restrict the parameter space.
{"title":"Gauge coupling unification and proton decay via 45 Higgs boson in SU(5) GUT","authors":"Naoyuki Haba, Keisuke Nagano, Yasuhiro Shimizu, Toshifumi Yamada","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae066","url":null,"abstract":"We study the gauge coupling unification (GCU) and proton decay in a non-supersymmetric SU(5) grand unified theory (GUT) incorporating a 45 representation Higgs field. Our analysis is based on the assumption that Georgi-Jarlskog-type mass matrices for fermions are responsible for explaining the mass ratio of the strange quark and the muon. We examine the conditions of GCU, taking into account the possibility that certain components of the 45 Higgs field have masses much smaller than the GUT scale. We have found that to satisfy the GCU conditions, at least two components of the 45 Higgs field should have such small masses. We search the parameter space to identify regions where the GCU conditions are satisfied, in the scenarios where two or three components of the 45 Higgs boson are hierarchically light. If the colored Higgs component of the 45 Higgs boson has a mass much smaller than the GUT scale, proton decay via colored Higgs boson exchange can occur with an observably large rate. We estimate the mass bounds for the colored Higgs component from the proton decay search at Super-Kamiokande and thereby further restrict the parameter space.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140812155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The observation of supernova neutrinos from SN1987A by KAMIOKANDE was an epoch-making event both for the neutrino astronomy and for supernova physics. The standard picture of stellar evolution and core-collapse supernovae were verified in basic points and their research entered into new advanced stages. In this article we overview the supernova neutrinos emitted from core-collapse supernova explosions as well as the significance of their observations.
{"title":"Neutrinos from core-collapse supernova explosions","authors":"Hideyuki Suzuki","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae056","url":null,"abstract":"The observation of supernova neutrinos from SN1987A by KAMIOKANDE was an epoch-making event both for the neutrino astronomy and for supernova physics. The standard picture of stellar evolution and core-collapse supernovae were verified in basic points and their research entered into new advanced stages. In this article we overview the supernova neutrinos emitted from core-collapse supernova explosions as well as the significance of their observations.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We propose a new method to solve the relativistic hydrodynamic equations based on implicit Runge-Kutta methods with a locally optimized fixed-point iterative solver. For numerical demonstration, we implement our idea for ideal hydrodynamics using the one-stage Gauss-Legendre method as an implicit method. The accuracy and computational cost of our new method are compared with those of explicit ones for the (1+1)-dimensional Riemann problem, as well as the (2+1)-dimensional Gubser flow and event-by-event initial conditions for heavy-ion collisions generated by TRENTo. We demonstrate that the solver converges with only one iteration in most cases, and as a result, the implicit method requires a smaller computational cost than the explicit one at the same accuracy in these cases, while it may not converge with an unrealistically large Δt. By showing a relationship between the one-stage Gauss-Legendre method with the iterative solver and the two-step Adams-Bashforth method, we argue that our method benefits from both the stability of the former and the efficiency of the latter.
{"title":"Efficient solver of relativistic hydrodynamics with implicit Runge-Kutta method","authors":"Nathan Touroux, Masakiyo Kitazawa, Koichi Murase, Marlene Nahrgang","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae058","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a new method to solve the relativistic hydrodynamic equations based on implicit Runge-Kutta methods with a locally optimized fixed-point iterative solver. For numerical demonstration, we implement our idea for ideal hydrodynamics using the one-stage Gauss-Legendre method as an implicit method. The accuracy and computational cost of our new method are compared with those of explicit ones for the (1+1)-dimensional Riemann problem, as well as the (2+1)-dimensional Gubser flow and event-by-event initial conditions for heavy-ion collisions generated by TRENTo. We demonstrate that the solver converges with only one iteration in most cases, and as a result, the implicit method requires a smaller computational cost than the explicit one at the same accuracy in these cases, while it may not converge with an unrealistically large Δt. By showing a relationship between the one-stage Gauss-Legendre method with the iterative solver and the two-step Adams-Bashforth method, we argue that our method benefits from both the stability of the former and the efficiency of the latter.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A special issue in memory of Masatoshi Koshiba, a pioneer in experimental particle physics and astrophysics: II","authors":"Mitsuaki Nozaki, Masashi Yokoyama","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140661270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We study the phase transitions of the two-dimensional frustrated J1-J2 Ising model on the square lattice with Monte Carlo simulations. Here J1 < 0 and J2 > 0 are the couplings for the nearest and next nearest neighbor Ising spins, respectively. In addition, we consider J1 = −1 and J2/|J1| ≡ g = 0.56, 0.58, 0.60, 0.62, 0.64 and 0.7 in our investigation. Several physical quantities including the Binder ratio U, the specific heat Cv, and the energy density E are obtained. The analyses of these calculated observables indicate that the considered phase transitions for g ≥ 0.58 are likely second order, and the nature of the phase transition associated with g = 0.56 needs further investigation. A comparison between the histograms of E for the phase transitions considered here and the one associated with the 5-state ferromagnetic Potts model on the square lattice is conducted. The outcomes imply that if the studied phase transitions are weakly first order, then they have much larger correlation lengths than that of the 5-state Potts model.
我们通过蒙特卡罗模拟研究了方晶格上二维受挫 J1-J2 伊辛模型的相变。这里，J1 < 0 和 J2 > 0 分别是最近和次近邻伊辛自旋的耦合。此外，我们在研究中还考虑了 J1 = -1 和 J2/|J1| ≡ g = 0.56、0.58、0.60、0.62、0.64 和 0.7。我们得到了一些物理量，包括粘结剂比率 U、比热 Cv 和能量密度 E。对这些计算观测值的分析表明，g ≥ 0.58 时的相变很可能是二阶相变，而与 g = 0.56 相关的相变的性质需要进一步研究。比较了本文所考虑的相变的 E 直方图和方形晶格上 5 态铁磁波特斯模型的 E 直方图。结果表明，如果所研究的相变是弱一阶的，那么它们的相关长度要比 5 态波特斯模型的相关长度大得多。
{"title":"A comprehensive study of the phase transitions of the frustrated J1-J2 Ising model on the square lattice","authors":"Shang-Wei Li, Fu-Jiun Jiang","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae061","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We study the phase transitions of the two-dimensional frustrated J1-J2 Ising model on the square lattice with Monte Carlo simulations. Here J1 < 0 and J2 > 0 are the couplings for the nearest and next nearest neighbor Ising spins, respectively. In addition, we consider J1 = −1 and J2/|J1| ≡ g = 0.56, 0.58, 0.60, 0.62, 0.64 and 0.7 in our investigation. Several physical quantities including the Binder ratio U, the specific heat Cv, and the energy density E are obtained. The analyses of these calculated observables indicate that the considered phase transitions for g ≥ 0.58 are likely second order, and the nature of the phase transition associated with g = 0.56 needs further investigation. A comparison between the histograms of E for the phase transitions considered here and the one associated with the 5-state ferromagnetic Potts model on the square lattice is conducted. The outcomes imply that if the studied phase transitions are weakly first order, then they have much larger correlation lengths than that of the 5-state Potts model.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140675454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We compute the signed distribution of the eigenvalues/vectors of the complex order-three random tensor by computing a partition function of a four-fermi theory, where signs are from a Hessian determinant associated to each eigenvector. The issue of the presence of a continuous degeneracy of the eigenvectors is properly treated by a gauge-fixing. The final expression is compactly represented by a generating function, which has an expansion whose powers are the dimensions of the tensor index spaces. A crosscheck is performed by Monte Carlo simulations. By taking the large-N limit we obtain a critical point where the behavior of the signed distribution qualitatively changes, and also the end of the signed distribution. The expected agreement of the end of the signed distribution with that of the genuine distribution provides a few applications, such as the largest eigenvalue, the geometric measure of entanglement, and the best rank-one approximation in the large-N limit.
我们通过计算四费米理论的分区函数来计算复数三阶随机张量的特征值/向量的符号分布，其中符号来自与每个特征向量相关的黑森行列式。特征向量存在连续变性的问题通过量规固定得到了妥善处理。最终表达式由生成函数紧凑表示，生成函数的幂级数是张量索引空间的维数。我们通过蒙特卡罗模拟进行了交叉检验。通过大 N 极限，我们得到了一个临界点，在该临界点上，有符号分布的行为发生了质的变化，同时也得到了有符号分布的终点。有符号分布末端与真实分布末端的预期一致提供了一些应用，如最大特征值、纠缠的几何度量以及大 N 极限中的最佳秩一近似。
{"title":"Signed eigenvalue/vector distribution of complex order-three random tensor","authors":"Naoki Sasakura","doi":"10.1093/ptep/ptae062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptae062","url":null,"abstract":"We compute the signed distribution of the eigenvalues/vectors of the complex order-three random tensor by computing a partition function of a four-fermi theory, where signs are from a Hessian determinant associated to each eigenvector. The issue of the presence of a continuous degeneracy of the eigenvectors is properly treated by a gauge-fixing. The final expression is compactly represented by a generating function, which has an expansion whose powers are the dimensions of the tensor index spaces. A crosscheck is performed by Monte Carlo simulations. By taking the large-N limit we obtain a critical point where the behavior of the signed distribution qualitatively changes, and also the end of the signed distribution. The expected agreement of the end of the signed distribution with that of the genuine distribution provides a few applications, such as the largest eigenvalue, the geometric measure of entanglement, and the best rank-one approximation in the large-N limit.","PeriodicalId":20710,"journal":{"name":"Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140800326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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