Copper tin sulphide (CTS) thin films have been prepared at room temperature on soda lime glass substrate by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. In this work, cationic solution bath contains copper chloride, tin chloride, triethanolamine and anionic bath contains thioacetamide as precursors. Two sets of samples were prepared with 40 and 60 deposition cycles, keeping dipping and rinsing time constant at 10 and 2 seconds respectively. The as- prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), Energy Dispersive analysis (EDS) and atomic force microscopy(AFM) analysis. The XRD showed that the film has a triclinic structure. The average crystallite size slightly increases from 21nm to 22.6 nm with increase in deposition cycles. The EDS analysis confirms the presence of Cu, Sn and S.AFM and SEM analysis reveals that the film has a compact structure without any visible cracks or pores. Both the samples have high absorbance in the visible region. The as-deposited CTS samples can be used as absorber layer for solar cell.Copper tin sulphide (CTS) thin films have been prepared at room temperature on soda lime glass substrate by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. In this work, cationic solution bath contains copper chloride, tin chloride, triethanolamine and anionic bath contains thioacetamide as precursors. Two sets of samples were prepared with 40 and 60 deposition cycles, keeping dipping and rinsing time constant at 10 and 2 seconds respectively. The as- prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), Energy Dispersive analysis (EDS) and atomic force microscopy(AFM) analysis. The XRD showed that the film has a triclinic structure. The average crystallite size slightly increases from 21nm to 22.6 nm with increase in deposition cycles. The EDS analysis confirms the presence of Cu, Sn and S.AFM and SEM analysis reveals that the film has a compact structure without any visible cracks or pores. Both the samples have high abso...
{"title":"Structural and optical characterization of SILAR deposited CTS thin films for optoelectronic applications","authors":"P. Sapna, K. Preetha","doi":"10.1063/1.5130378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5130378","url":null,"abstract":"Copper tin sulphide (CTS) thin films have been prepared at room temperature on soda lime glass substrate by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. In this work, cationic solution bath contains copper chloride, tin chloride, triethanolamine and anionic bath contains thioacetamide as precursors. Two sets of samples were prepared with 40 and 60 deposition cycles, keeping dipping and rinsing time constant at 10 and 2 seconds respectively. The as- prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), Energy Dispersive analysis (EDS) and atomic force microscopy(AFM) analysis. The XRD showed that the film has a triclinic structure. The average crystallite size slightly increases from 21nm to 22.6 nm with increase in deposition cycles. The EDS analysis confirms the presence of Cu, Sn and S.AFM and SEM analysis reveals that the film has a compact structure without any visible cracks or pores. Both the samples have high absorbance in the visible region. The as-deposited CTS samples can be used as absorber layer for solar cell.Copper tin sulphide (CTS) thin films have been prepared at room temperature on soda lime glass substrate by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. In this work, cationic solution bath contains copper chloride, tin chloride, triethanolamine and anionic bath contains thioacetamide as precursors. Two sets of samples were prepared with 40 and 60 deposition cycles, keeping dipping and rinsing time constant at 10 and 2 seconds respectively. The as- prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), Energy Dispersive analysis (EDS) and atomic force microscopy(AFM) analysis. The XRD showed that the film has a triclinic structure. The average crystallite size slightly increases from 21nm to 22.6 nm with increase in deposition cycles. The EDS analysis confirms the presence of Cu, Sn and S.AFM and SEM analysis reveals that the film has a compact structure without any visible cracks or pores. Both the samples have high abso...","PeriodicalId":20725,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS: ICAM 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74640265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a widely used transparent conducting oxide which has found many applications in solar cell devices. In the present study we have synthesized 0.75 sulphur doped TiO2 (S-TiO2) by ball milling technique and investigated their structural, topological, optical and thermal properties. The crystallization, strain and particle size have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction and reveals the formation of single phase structure corresponding to anatase phase of TiO2. AFM investigations reveal a homogeneous surface morphology. FTIR spectroscopy confirms the presence of sulphur bonding in the TiO2 crystal structure. Band gap was calculated from the absorption spectrum of S-TiO2 obtained using UV-visible spectrophotometer. The value of 3.07 eV obtained as band gap for S-TiO2 is less than that of of anatase TiO2 (3.2 eV) thus shows shifting towards the longer wavelength on sulphur doping. DTA-TGA measurements also corroborate that S-TiO2 crystallizes in the anatase phase.Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a widely used transparent conducting oxide which has found many applications in solar cell devices. In the present study we have synthesized 0.75 sulphur doped TiO2 (S-TiO2) by ball milling technique and investigated their structural, topological, optical and thermal properties. The crystallization, strain and particle size have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction and reveals the formation of single phase structure corresponding to anatase phase of TiO2. AFM investigations reveal a homogeneous surface morphology. FTIR spectroscopy confirms the presence of sulphur bonding in the TiO2 crystal structure. Band gap was calculated from the absorption spectrum of S-TiO2 obtained using UV-visible spectrophotometer. The value of 3.07 eV obtained as band gap for S-TiO2 is less than that of of anatase TiO2 (3.2 eV) thus shows shifting towards the longer wavelength on sulphur doping. DTA-TGA measurements also corroborate that S-TiO2 crystallizes in the anatase phase.
{"title":"Study of sulphur doped TiO2: Structural, morphological, optical and thermal properties","authors":"K. Soni, A. Sheikh, N. Lakshmi","doi":"10.1063/1.5130318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5130318","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a widely used transparent conducting oxide which has found many applications in solar cell devices. In the present study we have synthesized 0.75 sulphur doped TiO2 (S-TiO2) by ball milling technique and investigated their structural, topological, optical and thermal properties. The crystallization, strain and particle size have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction and reveals the formation of single phase structure corresponding to anatase phase of TiO2. AFM investigations reveal a homogeneous surface morphology. FTIR spectroscopy confirms the presence of sulphur bonding in the TiO2 crystal structure. Band gap was calculated from the absorption spectrum of S-TiO2 obtained using UV-visible spectrophotometer. The value of 3.07 eV obtained as band gap for S-TiO2 is less than that of of anatase TiO2 (3.2 eV) thus shows shifting towards the longer wavelength on sulphur doping. DTA-TGA measurements also corroborate that S-TiO2 crystallizes in the anatase phase.Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a widely used transparent conducting oxide which has found many applications in solar cell devices. In the present study we have synthesized 0.75 sulphur doped TiO2 (S-TiO2) by ball milling technique and investigated their structural, topological, optical and thermal properties. The crystallization, strain and particle size have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction and reveals the formation of single phase structure corresponding to anatase phase of TiO2. AFM investigations reveal a homogeneous surface morphology. FTIR spectroscopy confirms the presence of sulphur bonding in the TiO2 crystal structure. Band gap was calculated from the absorption spectrum of S-TiO2 obtained using UV-visible spectrophotometer. The value of 3.07 eV obtained as band gap for S-TiO2 is less than that of of anatase TiO2 (3.2 eV) thus shows shifting towards the longer wavelength on sulphur doping. DTA-TGA measurements also corroborate that S-TiO2 crystallizes in the anatase phase.","PeriodicalId":20725,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS: ICAM 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77540705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. R. Sahu, S. Majid, K. Gautam, R. Choudhary, V. Sathe, D. Shukla
Here we report on X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature dependent resistivity and Raman measurements of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) grown thin films on Si substrate. XRD confirms coexistence of two, the VO2 M1 and the VO2 B, monoclinic phases at room temperature. Resistivity measurement exhibits a transition from low temperature insulating phase to high temperature metallic phase, indicating major contribution of the VO2 M1 phase. Insulator to metal transition (IMT) is found to occur at ∼328 K which is ∼12 K lower compared to bulk VO2. Raman measurements confirm the first order structural phase transition, from low temperature monoclinic to high temperature rutile, concomitant with the IMT. Lowering of the transition temperature in our thin film compared to bulk VO2 is due to strain in the thin film.Here we report on X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature dependent resistivity and Raman measurements of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) grown thin films on Si substrate. XRD confirms coexistence of two, the VO2 M1 and the VO2 B, monoclinic phases at room temperature. Resistivity measurement exhibits a transition from low temperature insulating phase to high temperature metallic phase, indicating major contribution of the VO2 M1 phase. Insulator to metal transition (IMT) is found to occur at ∼328 K which is ∼12 K lower compared to bulk VO2. Raman measurements confirm the first order structural phase transition, from low temperature monoclinic to high temperature rutile, concomitant with the IMT. Lowering of the transition temperature in our thin film compared to bulk VO2 is due to strain in the thin film.
{"title":"Insulator to metal transition in VO2 M1+B phase on silicon substrate","authors":"S. R. Sahu, S. Majid, K. Gautam, R. Choudhary, V. Sathe, D. Shukla","doi":"10.1063/1.5130313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5130313","url":null,"abstract":"Here we report on X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature dependent resistivity and Raman measurements of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) grown thin films on Si substrate. XRD confirms coexistence of two, the VO2 M1 and the VO2 B, monoclinic phases at room temperature. Resistivity measurement exhibits a transition from low temperature insulating phase to high temperature metallic phase, indicating major contribution of the VO2 M1 phase. Insulator to metal transition (IMT) is found to occur at ∼328 K which is ∼12 K lower compared to bulk VO2. Raman measurements confirm the first order structural phase transition, from low temperature monoclinic to high temperature rutile, concomitant with the IMT. Lowering of the transition temperature in our thin film compared to bulk VO2 is due to strain in the thin film.Here we report on X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature dependent resistivity and Raman measurements of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) grown thin films on Si substrate. XRD confirms coexistence of two, the VO2 M1 and the VO2 B, monoclinic phases at room temperature. Resistivity measurement exhibits a transition from low temperature insulating phase to high temperature metallic phase, indicating major contribution of the VO2 M1 phase. Insulator to metal transition (IMT) is found to occur at ∼328 K which is ∼12 K lower compared to bulk VO2. Raman measurements confirm the first order structural phase transition, from low temperature monoclinic to high temperature rutile, concomitant with the IMT. Lowering of the transition temperature in our thin film compared to bulk VO2 is due to strain in the thin film.","PeriodicalId":20725,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS: ICAM 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79264182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of X-ray irradiated pure and doped with four different rare earth ions (viz., Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+ and Eu3+) Li2O-Cao-B2O3 glasses have been studied in the temperature range 303-573K; the pure glass has exhibited single TL peak at 424K. When this glass is doped with different rare earth ions no additional peaks are observed but the glow peak temperature of the existing glow peak shifted gradually towards higher temperatures with gain in intensity of TL light output. The area under the glow curve is found to be maximum for Eu3+ doped glasses. The trap depth parameters associated with the observed TL peaks have been evaluated using Chen’s formulae. The possible use of these glasses in radiation dosimetry has been described. The result clearly showed that europium doped calcium borate glass has a potential to be considered as the thermoluminescence dosimeter.Thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of X-ray irradiated pure and doped with four different rare earth ions (viz., Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+ and Eu3+) Li2O-Cao-B2O3 glasses have been studied in the temperature range 303-573K; the pure glass has exhibited single TL peak at 424K. When this glass is doped with different rare earth ions no additional peaks are observed but the glow peak temperature of the existing glow peak shifted gradually towards higher temperatures with gain in intensity of TL light output. The area under the glow curve is found to be maximum for Eu3+ doped glasses. The trap depth parameters associated with the observed TL peaks have been evaluated using Chen’s formulae. The possible use of these glasses in radiation dosimetry has been described. The result clearly showed that europium doped calcium borate glass has a potential to be considered as the thermoluminescence dosimeter.
研究了掺杂4种稀土离子(Pr3+、Nd3+、Sm3+和Eu3+)的纯li20 - cao - b2o3玻璃在303 ~ 573k范围内的热释光特性;纯玻璃在424K时呈现出单TL峰。当掺杂不同的稀土离子时，玻璃没有出现额外的发光峰，但随着TL光输出强度的增加，现有发光峰的发光峰温度逐渐向更高的温度移动。发现Eu3+掺杂玻璃的发光曲线下面积最大。与观测到的TL峰相关的陷阱深度参数已使用Chen公式进行了评估。这些玻璃在辐射剂量测定中的可能用途已被描述。结果表明，掺铕硼酸钙玻璃具有作为热释光剂量计的潜力。研究了掺杂4种稀土离子(Pr3+、Nd3+、Sm3+和Eu3+)的纯li20 - cao - b2o3玻璃在303 ~ 573k范围内的热释光特性;纯玻璃在424K时呈现出单TL峰。当掺杂不同的稀土离子时，玻璃没有出现额外的发光峰，但随着TL光输出强度的增加，现有发光峰的发光峰温度逐渐向更高的温度移动。发现Eu3+掺杂玻璃的发光曲线下面积最大。与观测到的TL峰相关的陷阱深度参数已使用Chen公式进行了评估。这些玻璃在辐射剂量测定中的可能用途已被描述。结果表明，掺铕硼酸钙玻璃具有作为热释光剂量计的潜力。
{"title":"Thermoluminescence characteristics and dosimetric aspects of Li2O-Cao-B2O3 glasses doped with rare earth ions","authors":"J. Anjaiah, G. Rani, J. Shankar, P. Raju","doi":"10.1063/1.5130253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5130253","url":null,"abstract":"Thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of X-ray irradiated pure and doped with four different rare earth ions (viz., Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+ and Eu3+) Li2O-Cao-B2O3 glasses have been studied in the temperature range 303-573K; the pure glass has exhibited single TL peak at 424K. When this glass is doped with different rare earth ions no additional peaks are observed but the glow peak temperature of the existing glow peak shifted gradually towards higher temperatures with gain in intensity of TL light output. The area under the glow curve is found to be maximum for Eu3+ doped glasses. The trap depth parameters associated with the observed TL peaks have been evaluated using Chen’s formulae. The possible use of these glasses in radiation dosimetry has been described. The result clearly showed that europium doped calcium borate glass has a potential to be considered as the thermoluminescence dosimeter.Thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of X-ray irradiated pure and doped with four different rare earth ions (viz., Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+ and Eu3+) Li2O-Cao-B2O3 glasses have been studied in the temperature range 303-573K; the pure glass has exhibited single TL peak at 424K. When this glass is doped with different rare earth ions no additional peaks are observed but the glow peak temperature of the existing glow peak shifted gradually towards higher temperatures with gain in intensity of TL light output. The area under the glow curve is found to be maximum for Eu3+ doped glasses. The trap depth parameters associated with the observed TL peaks have been evaluated using Chen’s formulae. The possible use of these glasses in radiation dosimetry has been described. The result clearly showed that europium doped calcium borate glass has a potential to be considered as the thermoluminescence dosimeter.","PeriodicalId":20725,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS: ICAM 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79295844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The reuse of waste metallic waste as reinforcement in the aluminium metal matrix composites (MMC) reduces the landfill pollution and the depletion of the natural resources. The catalyst used in the refining of crude oil in the petroleum industries becomes exhausted metallic wastes. It requires a huge land space to fill the tonnes of unused metallic waste. Metals like molybdenum, silicon, nickel, vanadium were recovered from the metallic waste. Aluminium composites were employed in the automotive industries for manufacturing parts like crankshaft and connecting rod that were prone to increased wear. The elements present in the metallic waste have high wear resistance which can be used in manufacturing a composite. In this investigation, pure aluminium matrix was reinforced with metallic waste by varying the weight percentage 5%,10%,15%. The composites were synthesized by using stir casting technique. The sliding wear test for the samples were conducted on pin-on-disc apparatus. The wear rate decreased for all the composites compared to pure aluminium. It was observed that 90%Al + 10% metallic waste composite had wear loss (1.146%) and co-efficient of friction (0.31). The wear behaviour was studied by microstructural examination of the composites under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The corrosion behaviour of the samples was observed by using a salt spray bath for 72 hours. The rate of corrosion decreased with an addition of metallic waste. The addition of metallic waste was found to enhance the wear resistance and decrease the cost of production.The reuse of waste metallic waste as reinforcement in the aluminium metal matrix composites (MMC) reduces the landfill pollution and the depletion of the natural resources. The catalyst used in the refining of crude oil in the petroleum industries becomes exhausted metallic wastes. It requires a huge land space to fill the tonnes of unused metallic waste. Metals like molybdenum, silicon, nickel, vanadium were recovered from the metallic waste. Aluminium composites were employed in the automotive industries for manufacturing parts like crankshaft and connecting rod that were prone to increased wear. The elements present in the metallic waste have high wear resistance which can be used in manufacturing a composite. In this investigation, pure aluminium matrix was reinforced with metallic waste by varying the weight percentage 5%,10%,15%. The composites were synthesized by using stir casting technique. The sliding wear test for the samples were conducted on pin-on-disc apparatus. The wear rate decreased for ...
{"title":"Synthesis of novel aluminium metal matrix composite using industrial metallic waste: Impact on wear and corrosion behaviour","authors":"J. Gayathri, R. Elansezhian","doi":"10.1063/1.5130236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5130236","url":null,"abstract":"The reuse of waste metallic waste as reinforcement in the aluminium metal matrix composites (MMC) reduces the landfill pollution and the depletion of the natural resources. The catalyst used in the refining of crude oil in the petroleum industries becomes exhausted metallic wastes. It requires a huge land space to fill the tonnes of unused metallic waste. Metals like molybdenum, silicon, nickel, vanadium were recovered from the metallic waste. Aluminium composites were employed in the automotive industries for manufacturing parts like crankshaft and connecting rod that were prone to increased wear. The elements present in the metallic waste have high wear resistance which can be used in manufacturing a composite. In this investigation, pure aluminium matrix was reinforced with metallic waste by varying the weight percentage 5%,10%,15%. The composites were synthesized by using stir casting technique. The sliding wear test for the samples were conducted on pin-on-disc apparatus. The wear rate decreased for all the composites compared to pure aluminium. It was observed that 90%Al + 10% metallic waste composite had wear loss (1.146%) and co-efficient of friction (0.31). The wear behaviour was studied by microstructural examination of the composites under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The corrosion behaviour of the samples was observed by using a salt spray bath for 72 hours. The rate of corrosion decreased with an addition of metallic waste. The addition of metallic waste was found to enhance the wear resistance and decrease the cost of production.The reuse of waste metallic waste as reinforcement in the aluminium metal matrix composites (MMC) reduces the landfill pollution and the depletion of the natural resources. The catalyst used in the refining of crude oil in the petroleum industries becomes exhausted metallic wastes. It requires a huge land space to fill the tonnes of unused metallic waste. Metals like molybdenum, silicon, nickel, vanadium were recovered from the metallic waste. Aluminium composites were employed in the automotive industries for manufacturing parts like crankshaft and connecting rod that were prone to increased wear. The elements present in the metallic waste have high wear resistance which can be used in manufacturing a composite. In this investigation, pure aluminium matrix was reinforced with metallic waste by varying the weight percentage 5%,10%,15%. The composites were synthesized by using stir casting technique. The sliding wear test for the samples were conducted on pin-on-disc apparatus. The wear rate decreased for ...","PeriodicalId":20725,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS: ICAM 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84297465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present paper the chalcone belonging to D-π-A type push-pull system has been synthesized and the single crystals were grown by controlled solution evaporation technique. The grown single crystals were subjected to NMR, FTIR and powder X-ray diffraction technique to confirm the compound. The linear optical cut-off was found to be at 442 nm. The SHG efficiency was determined in powder form and was found to be 1.57 times that of KDP. The titled chalcone was found to be stable up to 106 °C. The DFT calculations revealed that the intermolecular interaction assisted molecular alignment play a crucial role in SHG. The un-optimal alignment of the molecules in the crystal structure resulted in decreased intermolecular charge transfer in the crystal. The structure-property relation is presented based on the experimental and DFT calculations.
{"title":"Effect of charge transfer and structure property relationship in D-π-A system","authors":"H. Usha, H. J. Ravindra","doi":"10.1063/1.5130338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5130338","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper the chalcone belonging to D-π-A type push-pull system has been synthesized and the single crystals were grown by controlled solution evaporation technique. The grown single crystals were subjected to NMR, FTIR and powder X-ray diffraction technique to confirm the compound. The linear optical cut-off was found to be at 442 nm. The SHG efficiency was determined in powder form and was found to be 1.57 times that of KDP. The titled chalcone was found to be stable up to 106 °C. The DFT calculations revealed that the intermolecular interaction assisted molecular alignment play a crucial role in SHG. The un-optimal alignment of the molecules in the crystal structure resulted in decreased intermolecular charge transfer in the crystal. The structure-property relation is presented based on the experimental and DFT calculations.","PeriodicalId":20725,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS: ICAM 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85511131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. V. Dhanal, Akash Ghaste, V. G. Akkimardi, S. Kori, C. H. Bhosale
Ni-Mn based Heusler shape memory alloys are type of smart materials which possesses both ferromagnetic and shape memory properties. Due to multifunctional properties these materials have increased significant interest for the applications in actuators, sensing devices and magnetic refrigeration. The aim of this work was to synthesize and structural study of Ni-Mn-Sn and Ni-Mn-Al alloys which have recently emerged as Gallium-free shape memory alloys. Two alloys Ni48Mn26Sn26 and Ni51Mn26Al23 (at %) were synthesized using vacuum arc remelting technique under an argon gas atmosphere to improve homogeneity of the alloys. The structural studies of the prepared alloys were conducted and compared using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with Energy -dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results revealed that an average crystallite size of Ni-Mn-Al was smaller than Ni-Mn-Sn alloy. The morphology showed an average particle size of 5-6 µm and 0.6-0.7 µm for Ni-Mn-Sn and Ni-Mn-Al alloys respectively. Magnetic behavior studied by Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) showed soft magnetic behavior of the alloys. The synthesized alloys have exhibited and confirmed closely matching stoichiometric composition of Heusler shape memory alloys (X2YZ) with no contamination.Ni-Mn based Heusler shape memory alloys are type of smart materials which possesses both ferromagnetic and shape memory properties. Due to multifunctional properties these materials have increased significant interest for the applications in actuators, sensing devices and magnetic refrigeration. The aim of this work was to synthesize and structural study of Ni-Mn-Sn and Ni-Mn-Al alloys which have recently emerged as Gallium-free shape memory alloys. Two alloys Ni48Mn26Sn26 and Ni51Mn26Al23 (at %) were synthesized using vacuum arc remelting technique under an argon gas atmosphere to improve homogeneity of the alloys. The structural studies of the prepared alloys were conducted and compared using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with Energy -dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results revealed that an average crystallite size of Ni-Mn-Al was smaller than Ni-Mn-Sn alloy. The morphology showed an average particle size of 5-6 µm and 0.6-0.7 µm for Ni-Mn-Sn and Ni-Mn-A...
{"title":"Synthesis and structural studies of Ni-Mn based Heusler shape memory alloys","authors":"S. V. Dhanal, Akash Ghaste, V. G. Akkimardi, S. Kori, C. H. Bhosale","doi":"10.1063/1.5130212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5130212","url":null,"abstract":"Ni-Mn based Heusler shape memory alloys are type of smart materials which possesses both ferromagnetic and shape memory properties. Due to multifunctional properties these materials have increased significant interest for the applications in actuators, sensing devices and magnetic refrigeration. The aim of this work was to synthesize and structural study of Ni-Mn-Sn and Ni-Mn-Al alloys which have recently emerged as Gallium-free shape memory alloys. Two alloys Ni48Mn26Sn26 and Ni51Mn26Al23 (at %) were synthesized using vacuum arc remelting technique under an argon gas atmosphere to improve homogeneity of the alloys. The structural studies of the prepared alloys were conducted and compared using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with Energy -dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results revealed that an average crystallite size of Ni-Mn-Al was smaller than Ni-Mn-Sn alloy. The morphology showed an average particle size of 5-6 µm and 0.6-0.7 µm for Ni-Mn-Sn and Ni-Mn-Al alloys respectively. Magnetic behavior studied by Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) showed soft magnetic behavior of the alloys. The synthesized alloys have exhibited and confirmed closely matching stoichiometric composition of Heusler shape memory alloys (X2YZ) with no contamination.Ni-Mn based Heusler shape memory alloys are type of smart materials which possesses both ferromagnetic and shape memory properties. Due to multifunctional properties these materials have increased significant interest for the applications in actuators, sensing devices and magnetic refrigeration. The aim of this work was to synthesize and structural study of Ni-Mn-Sn and Ni-Mn-Al alloys which have recently emerged as Gallium-free shape memory alloys. Two alloys Ni48Mn26Sn26 and Ni51Mn26Al23 (at %) were synthesized using vacuum arc remelting technique under an argon gas atmosphere to improve homogeneity of the alloys. The structural studies of the prepared alloys were conducted and compared using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with Energy -dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results revealed that an average crystallite size of Ni-Mn-Al was smaller than Ni-Mn-Sn alloy. The morphology showed an average particle size of 5-6 µm and 0.6-0.7 µm for Ni-Mn-Sn and Ni-Mn-A...","PeriodicalId":20725,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS: ICAM 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89788589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
India is the 6th largest consumer of electricity in the world. The revenue losses due to power failure are rising at an alarming rate of 11.9% in last 5 years. The negative effects of the conventional energy sources can be overcome by making use of the solar energy with additional advantages, but there are significant challenges to be overcome in order to make use of clean energy. They are as follows: energy cost, energy fluctuation, location dependency, and huge investment requirement, losses in solar cell and poor energy conversion efficiency in the order to 14%. In this research, an experimental investigation has been carried out to improve the energy efficiency of solar PV cells by texturing three different metals such as Cu, Ag and Al over the solar PV cells at specific places by using RF and DC magnetron sputtering process. To study the properties of the thin film, the process parameters such as power, deposition time and substrate temperature were optimized and corresponding coating thickness, optical properties and surface topography were investigated. The coating thickness and surface roughness increased when the power increased from 15W to 45W. Average surface roughness (Ra) of 6nm was obtained at the optimum power of 45W with deposition rate of 5-7 mins. The surface morphology and topography was characterized by using SEM and AFM which shows uniform coating with spherical shaped nanoparticles deposited over the substrate at 300°C. UV-VIS-NIR spectrometer indicates that the optical absorption is increased from 1.31% to 1.68% at the wavelength range from 250 to 314nm. The reflection was reduced from 13.4% to 3.67% and the conversion efficiency was increased from 14% to 20%. The complete experimental details, results and analysis are reported in this paper.India is the 6th largest consumer of electricity in the world. The revenue losses due to power failure are rising at an alarming rate of 11.9% in last 5 years. The negative effects of the conventional energy sources can be overcome by making use of the solar energy with additional advantages, but there are significant challenges to be overcome in order to make use of clean energy. They are as follows: energy cost, energy fluctuation, location dependency, and huge investment requirement, losses in solar cell and poor energy conversion efficiency in the order to 14%. In this research, an experimental investigation has been carried out to improve the energy efficiency of solar PV cells by texturing three different metals such as Cu, Ag and Al over the solar PV cells at specific places by using RF and DC magnetron sputtering process. To study the properties of the thin film, the process parameters such as power, deposition time and substrate temperature were optimized and corresponding coating thickness, opti...
{"title":"Optimization of process parameters of thin film deposition in solar PV cells using magnetron sputtering process","authors":"N. Purushothaman, R. Elansezhian, A. Raviprakash","doi":"10.1063/1.5130334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5130334","url":null,"abstract":"India is the 6th largest consumer of electricity in the world. The revenue losses due to power failure are rising at an alarming rate of 11.9% in last 5 years. The negative effects of the conventional energy sources can be overcome by making use of the solar energy with additional advantages, but there are significant challenges to be overcome in order to make use of clean energy. They are as follows: energy cost, energy fluctuation, location dependency, and huge investment requirement, losses in solar cell and poor energy conversion efficiency in the order to 14%. In this research, an experimental investigation has been carried out to improve the energy efficiency of solar PV cells by texturing three different metals such as Cu, Ag and Al over the solar PV cells at specific places by using RF and DC magnetron sputtering process. To study the properties of the thin film, the process parameters such as power, deposition time and substrate temperature were optimized and corresponding coating thickness, optical properties and surface topography were investigated. The coating thickness and surface roughness increased when the power increased from 15W to 45W. Average surface roughness (Ra) of 6nm was obtained at the optimum power of 45W with deposition rate of 5-7 mins. The surface morphology and topography was characterized by using SEM and AFM which shows uniform coating with spherical shaped nanoparticles deposited over the substrate at 300°C. UV-VIS-NIR spectrometer indicates that the optical absorption is increased from 1.31% to 1.68% at the wavelength range from 250 to 314nm. The reflection was reduced from 13.4% to 3.67% and the conversion efficiency was increased from 14% to 20%. The complete experimental details, results and analysis are reported in this paper.India is the 6th largest consumer of electricity in the world. The revenue losses due to power failure are rising at an alarming rate of 11.9% in last 5 years. The negative effects of the conventional energy sources can be overcome by making use of the solar energy with additional advantages, but there are significant challenges to be overcome in order to make use of clean energy. They are as follows: energy cost, energy fluctuation, location dependency, and huge investment requirement, losses in solar cell and poor energy conversion efficiency in the order to 14%. In this research, an experimental investigation has been carried out to improve the energy efficiency of solar PV cells by texturing three different metals such as Cu, Ag and Al over the solar PV cells at specific places by using RF and DC magnetron sputtering process. To study the properties of the thin film, the process parameters such as power, deposition time and substrate temperature were optimized and corresponding coating thickness, opti...","PeriodicalId":20725,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS: ICAM 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89537784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
TiO2 is one of the widely used photocatalysts for dye degradation and doping it with metals has shown to enhance its photocatalytic activity. In this work, Radio Frequency (RF) sputtering was used to fabricate robust, transparent Cu- doped TiO2 thin films on glass and silicon substrates at 300°C substrate temperature. Phase analysis, surface morphology and optical studies were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV–vis spectroscopy respectively. The XRD pattern of TiO2 films deposited at 300°C substrate temperature shows that they are in the pure anatase phase. The low copper doped TiO2 films showed crystalline nature; whereas with an increase in dopant concentration, the films tend to be amorphous. Moreover, the optical band gap of TiO2 was found to decrease from∼3.5 to ∼2.5 eV respectively upon Cu doping. The application potential of the Cu- doped TiO2 thin films was evaluated by monitoring the oxidative degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV irradiation as a function of time. Here we could achieve the highest degradation rate of ∼32% for 1Cu/TiO2 films (intermediate doping) exposed to 90 min irradiation.TiO2 is one of the widely used photocatalysts for dye degradation and doping it with metals has shown to enhance its photocatalytic activity. In this work, Radio Frequency (RF) sputtering was used to fabricate robust, transparent Cu- doped TiO2 thin films on glass and silicon substrates at 300°C substrate temperature. Phase analysis, surface morphology and optical studies were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV–vis spectroscopy respectively. The XRD pattern of TiO2 films deposited at 300°C substrate temperature shows that they are in the pure anatase phase. The low copper doped TiO2 films showed crystalline nature; whereas with an increase in dopant concentration, the films tend to be amorphous. Moreover, the optical band gap of TiO2 was found to decrease from∼3.5 to ∼2.5 eV respectively upon Cu doping. The application potential of the Cu- doped TiO2 thin films was evaluated by monitoring the oxidative degrad...
{"title":"Dye degradation studies on Cu-doped TiO2 thin films developed by reactive sputtering","authors":"M. Sreedhar, S. S. Prasath, J. Brijitta","doi":"10.1063/1.5130343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5130343","url":null,"abstract":"TiO2 is one of the widely used photocatalysts for dye degradation and doping it with metals has shown to enhance its photocatalytic activity. In this work, Radio Frequency (RF) sputtering was used to fabricate robust, transparent Cu- doped TiO2 thin films on glass and silicon substrates at 300°C substrate temperature. Phase analysis, surface morphology and optical studies were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV–vis spectroscopy respectively. The XRD pattern of TiO2 films deposited at 300°C substrate temperature shows that they are in the pure anatase phase. The low copper doped TiO2 films showed crystalline nature; whereas with an increase in dopant concentration, the films tend to be amorphous. Moreover, the optical band gap of TiO2 was found to decrease from∼3.5 to ∼2.5 eV respectively upon Cu doping. The application potential of the Cu- doped TiO2 thin films was evaluated by monitoring the oxidative degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV irradiation as a function of time. Here we could achieve the highest degradation rate of ∼32% for 1Cu/TiO2 films (intermediate doping) exposed to 90 min irradiation.TiO2 is one of the widely used photocatalysts for dye degradation and doping it with metals has shown to enhance its photocatalytic activity. In this work, Radio Frequency (RF) sputtering was used to fabricate robust, transparent Cu- doped TiO2 thin films on glass and silicon substrates at 300°C substrate temperature. Phase analysis, surface morphology and optical studies were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV–vis spectroscopy respectively. The XRD pattern of TiO2 films deposited at 300°C substrate temperature shows that they are in the pure anatase phase. The low copper doped TiO2 films showed crystalline nature; whereas with an increase in dopant concentration, the films tend to be amorphous. Moreover, the optical band gap of TiO2 was found to decrease from∼3.5 to ∼2.5 eV respectively upon Cu doping. The application potential of the Cu- doped TiO2 thin films was evaluated by monitoring the oxidative degrad...","PeriodicalId":20725,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS: ICAM 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73085586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, polymer electrolyte membranes were synthesized by polyvinyl alcohol and Sulfosuccinic acid by phase inversion technique. Also, prepared polyvinyl alcohol with Sulfosuccinic acid by adding Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles. The effect of different concentrations of (0,5,15,20,25 wt%) nanoparticles in the membranes was studied with respect to proton conductivity and methanol permeability. The characterization studies for the synthesized membranes were done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Universal testing machine (UTM) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The result shows that the incorporation of the montmorillonite organoclay upon sulfonated PVA membrane strongly affected the properties of the membranes. FTIR spectrum confirms sulfonation. Mechanical stability was evaluated using UTM. Proton conductivity and methanol permeability of the membrane changed with the contents of Montmorillonite in a nonlinear fashion. The optimum concentration of Montmorillonite within the sulfonated membrane, corresponding to maximum proton conductivity to methanol permeability ratio was 15wt%. The novel Polyvinyl alcohol membrane showed excellent proton conductivity; less methanol permeability as compared to Nafion membrane.In this work, polymer electrolyte membranes were synthesized by polyvinyl alcohol and Sulfosuccinic acid by phase inversion technique. Also, prepared polyvinyl alcohol with Sulfosuccinic acid by adding Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles. The effect of different concentrations of (0,5,15,20,25 wt%) nanoparticles in the membranes was studied with respect to proton conductivity and methanol permeability. The characterization studies for the synthesized membranes were done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Universal testing machine (UTM) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The result shows that the incorporation of the montmorillonite organoclay upon sulfonated PVA membrane strongly affected the properties of the membranes. FTIR spectrum confirms sulfonation. Mechanical stability was evaluated using UTM. Proton conductivity and methanol permeability of the membrane changed with the contents of Montmorillonite in a nonlinear fashion. The optimum concentration of Montmorillonite within the s...
{"title":"Preparation and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol based nanocomposite membrane for direct methanol fuel cell","authors":"K. Sidharthan, Shiny Joseph","doi":"10.1063/1.5130353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5130353","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, polymer electrolyte membranes were synthesized by polyvinyl alcohol and Sulfosuccinic acid by phase inversion technique. Also, prepared polyvinyl alcohol with Sulfosuccinic acid by adding Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles. The effect of different concentrations of (0,5,15,20,25 wt%) nanoparticles in the membranes was studied with respect to proton conductivity and methanol permeability. The characterization studies for the synthesized membranes were done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Universal testing machine (UTM) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The result shows that the incorporation of the montmorillonite organoclay upon sulfonated PVA membrane strongly affected the properties of the membranes. FTIR spectrum confirms sulfonation. Mechanical stability was evaluated using UTM. Proton conductivity and methanol permeability of the membrane changed with the contents of Montmorillonite in a nonlinear fashion. The optimum concentration of Montmorillonite within the sulfonated membrane, corresponding to maximum proton conductivity to methanol permeability ratio was 15wt%. The novel Polyvinyl alcohol membrane showed excellent proton conductivity; less methanol permeability as compared to Nafion membrane.In this work, polymer electrolyte membranes were synthesized by polyvinyl alcohol and Sulfosuccinic acid by phase inversion technique. Also, prepared polyvinyl alcohol with Sulfosuccinic acid by adding Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles. The effect of different concentrations of (0,5,15,20,25 wt%) nanoparticles in the membranes was studied with respect to proton conductivity and methanol permeability. The characterization studies for the synthesized membranes were done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Universal testing machine (UTM) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The result shows that the incorporation of the montmorillonite organoclay upon sulfonated PVA membrane strongly affected the properties of the membranes. FTIR spectrum confirms sulfonation. Mechanical stability was evaluated using UTM. Proton conductivity and methanol permeability of the membrane changed with the contents of Montmorillonite in a nonlinear fashion. The optimum concentration of Montmorillonite within the s...","PeriodicalId":20725,"journal":{"name":"PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS: ICAM 2019","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76050851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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