Pub Date : 1975-12-01DOI: 10.1016/0033-7560(75)90007-1
N. Degani
Gamma irradiated medium induces the formation of buds in non-irradiated dark grown tobacco callus (Nicotiana tabacum Var. Wisconsin no. 38). Experiments were conducted to determine the component(s) of the medium that is effective in this radiation-induced organogenesis. Fractions of medium were irradiated singly and in combination, then combined with non-irradiated fractions to form the complete growth medium.
The results show that irradiated indoleacetic acid (IAA) was not the effective component in the induction of organogenesis. Omission of IAA from the medium resulted in the formation of buds, as expected. Irradiated myo-inositol induced organogenesis more consistently than the other irradiated components.
The age of the inoculum tissue and its passage number from the tobacco stem affected the potency of the tobacco callus to organise.
γ辐照培养基诱导未辐照的暗生烟草愈伤组织(Nicotiana tabacum Var. Wisconsin no.)萌发芽。38)。进行了实验以确定在这种辐射诱导的器官发生中有效的培养基成分。将部分培养基单独辐照和组合辐照,然后与未辐照的部分相结合,形成完整的生长培养基。结果表明,辐照的吲哚乙酸(IAA)不是诱导器官发生的有效成分。正如预期的那样,培养基中缺少IAA导致了芽的形成。与其他辐照成分相比,辐照肌醇诱导的器官发生更为一致。接种组织的年龄及其离茎传代数影响烟草愈伤组织的组织能力。
{"title":"Radiation-induced organogenesis : effects of irradiated medium and its components on tobacco tissue culture","authors":"N. Degani","doi":"10.1016/0033-7560(75)90007-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0033-7560(75)90007-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gamma irradiated medium induces the formation of buds in non-irradiated dark grown tobacco callus (<em>Nicotiana tabacum</em> Var. Wisconsin no. 38). Experiments were conducted to determine the component(s) of the medium that is effective in this radiation-induced organogenesis. Fractions of medium were irradiated singly and in combination, then combined with non-irradiated fractions to form the complete growth medium.</p><p>The results show that irradiated indoleacetic acid (IAA) was not the effective component in the induction of organogenesis. Omission of IAA from the medium resulted in the formation of buds, as expected. Irradiated myo-inositol induced organogenesis more consistently than the other irradiated components.</p><p>The age of the inoculum tissue and its passage number from the tobacco stem affected the potency of the tobacco callus to organise.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20794,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Botany","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 363-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0033-7560(75)90007-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88671789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-12-01DOI: 10.1016/0033-7560(75)90022-8
H. John Burki
{"title":"Biological effects of radiation","authors":"H. John Burki","doi":"10.1016/0033-7560(75)90022-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0033-7560(75)90022-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20794,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Botany","volume":"15 4","pages":"Page 450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0033-7560(75)90022-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88069129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-12-01DOI: 10.1016/0033-7560(75)90015-0
S.N. Chakrabarti
Dry seeds of uniform size of the rice variety T(N)1 were treated with DES alone and in combination with X-rays. The combined treatments affected more adversely the different growth metrics in the M1 generation and increased the frequency of appearance of chlorophyll and other mutations affecting various morphological characteristics in the M2 generation as compared to the treatment with DES or X-ray radiation alone. With respect to the spectrum of mutations induced by DES treatment, the frequency of chlorophyll mutations was noted to be relatively higher than that of other morphological mutations. The appearance of xantha mutations was noted to be the most frequent in the DES treatment in contrast to their rare appearance in irradiated material. The combined treatment had a considerable effect in altering the frequency and spectrum of morphological mutations as well as increasing the frequency of micromutations for grain yield and plant height.
{"title":"Effect of combined x-ray and diethyl sulphate treatments on mutation frequencies in rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"S.N. Chakrabarti","doi":"10.1016/0033-7560(75)90015-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0033-7560(75)90015-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dry seeds of uniform size of the rice variety T(N)1 were treated with DES alone and in combination with X-rays. The combined treatments affected more adversely the different growth metrics in the M<sub>1</sub> generation and increased the frequency of appearance of chlorophyll and other mutations affecting various morphological characteristics in the M<sub>2</sub> generation as compared to the treatment with DES or X-ray radiation alone. With respect to the spectrum of mutations induced by DES treatment, the frequency of chlorophyll mutations was noted to be relatively higher than that of other morphological mutations. The appearance of <em>xantha</em> mutations was noted to be the most frequent in the DES treatment in contrast to their rare appearance in irradiated material. The combined treatment had a considerable effect in altering the frequency and spectrum of morphological mutations as well as increasing the frequency of micromutations for grain yield and plant height.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20794,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Botany","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 417-421"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0033-7560(75)90015-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78667210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-12-01DOI: 10.1016/0033-7560(75)90012-5
M. Inoue, H. Hasegawa, S. Hori
Rice seeds treated with 0·2–1·2 v/v % of ethyleneimine (EI) demonstrated increasingly delayed germination concomitant with increasing dose. At the time of germination, the release of storage products was slightly inhibited at lower doses and completely reduced at higher doses. With increasing time after germination the development of shoot length, content of reducing sugar and free amino acid, and synthesis of nucleic acid and protein in treated seeds, showed the same response pattern as the control, although at reduced levels in the treated seeds. Consequently, it is interpreted that the delay of germination is due to physiological dormancy, i.e. impaired release of dormancy which would normally yield active forms of enzymes.
When treated seeds were cultured in [14C]-glucose medium, the specific activity of [14C]-glucose was higher in late-germinating seeds than in early-germinating seeds. Furthermore, the provision of glucose prevented the delay of germination, resulting in about a 10% increase in germination rate (survival rate), and yet had no effect on subsequent growth.
Finally, it is concluded that the damage resulting in delayed germination and reduction of survival differs from the damage leading to inhibition of subsequent growth in that the former can be compensated for by provision of glucose while the latter cannot.
{"title":"Effect of EI-treatment in relation to physiological and biochemical traits in rice: delay in germination and its recovery with provision of glucose","authors":"M. Inoue, H. Hasegawa, S. Hori","doi":"10.1016/0033-7560(75)90012-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0033-7560(75)90012-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rice seeds treated with 0·2–1·2 v/v % of ethyleneimine (EI) demonstrated increasingly delayed germination concomitant with increasing dose. At the time of germination, the release of storage products was slightly inhibited at lower doses and completely reduced at higher doses. With increasing time after germination the development of shoot length, content of reducing sugar and free amino acid, and synthesis of nucleic acid and protein in treated seeds, showed the same response pattern as the control, although at reduced levels in the treated seeds. Consequently, it is interpreted that the delay of germination is due to physiological dormancy, i.e. impaired release of dormancy which would normally yield active forms of enzymes.</p><p>When treated seeds were cultured in [<sup>14</sup>C]-glucose medium, the specific activity of [<sup>14</sup>C]-glucose was higher in late-germinating seeds than in early-germinating seeds. Furthermore, the provision of glucose prevented the delay of germination, resulting in about a 10% increase in germination rate (survival rate), and yet had no effect on subsequent growth.</p><p>Finally, it is concluded that the damage resulting in delayed germination and reduction of survival differs from the damage leading to inhibition of subsequent growth in that the former can be compensated for by provision of glucose while the latter cannot.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20794,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Botany","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 397-404"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0033-7560(75)90012-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89756567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-12-01DOI: 10.1016/0033-7560(75)90011-3
M. Inoue, H. Hasegawa, S. Hori
Metabolic disturbances resulting in growth retardation and death of rice irradiated with 60Co γ-rays at 10 to 40 kR dose levels were investigated. Seedling growth, release of storage products (reducing sugar and free amino acids) and incorporation of radioisotopic substances ([3H]-uridine, [3h]-thymidine and [3h]-leucine) remained almost uninhibited at doses up to 20 kR but were much reduced at 40 kR. Following the 40 kR treatment, shoot elongation was terminated at the 5th day of germination, corresponding to an interruption in the release of reducing sugar. Furthermore, the onset of active increase in [3h]-thymidine incorporation after germination was also delayed in the 40 kR irradiated samples.
When the seeds had been cultured in glucose-medium immediately after irradiation there were significant regular increases of survival and a disappearance in the delay in [3h]-thymidine incorporation. However, glucose had no marked effect on subsequent growth and overall metabolic damage even though incorporation of [14C]-glucose was slightly higher in the irradiated than in the control in the early stage of germination.
It is suggested that the recovery from radiation damage in the early stages of germination can be enhanced by the provision of glucose while recovery from damage leading to reduction of subsequent growth is less sensitive to glucose.
{"title":"Physiological and biochemical changes in γ-irradiated rice","authors":"M. Inoue, H. Hasegawa, S. Hori","doi":"10.1016/0033-7560(75)90011-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0033-7560(75)90011-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metabolic disturbances resulting in growth retardation and death of rice irradiated with <sup>60</sup>Co γ-rays at 10 to 40 kR dose levels were investigated. Seedling growth, release of storage products (reducing sugar and free amino acids) and incorporation of radioisotopic substances ([<sup>3</sup>H]-uridine, [<sup>3</sup>h]-thymidine and [<sup>3</sup>h]-leucine) remained almost uninhibited at doses up to 20 kR but were much reduced at 40 kR. Following the 40 kR treatment, shoot elongation was terminated at the 5th day of germination, corresponding to an interruption in the release of reducing sugar. Furthermore, the onset of active increase in [<sup>3</sup>h]-thymidine incorporation after germination was also delayed in the 40 kR irradiated samples.</p><p>When the seeds had been cultured in glucose-medium immediately after irradiation there were significant regular increases of survival and a disappearance in the delay in [<sup>3</sup>h]-thymidine incorporation. However, glucose had no marked effect on subsequent growth and overall metabolic damage even though incorporation of [<sup>14</sup>C]-glucose was slightly higher in the irradiated than in the control in the early stage of germination.</p><p>It is suggested that the recovery from radiation damage in the early stages of germination can be enhanced by the provision of glucose while recovery from damage leading to reduction of subsequent growth is less sensitive to glucose.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20794,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Botany","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 387-395"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0033-7560(75)90011-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80396362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-12-01DOI: 10.1016/0033-7560(75)90018-6
N. Maherchandani
The effect of gamma radiation on dormant seeds of Avena fatua L. (wild oats) has been investigated. A. fatua seeds require a long after-ripening period for germination. Gibberellic acid and cold treatments are known to break seed dormancy. 10 kR of gamma radiation also produced an effect similar to these treatments. Shoot length and dry matter content of seedlings raised from 10 kR gamma-irradiated seeds were similar to those raised from control seeds. Higher radiation doses promoted seed germination but they also caused a reduction of seedling growth. Probable mechanisms by which gamma radiation may bring about these effects have been discussed.
{"title":"Effects of gamma radiation on the dormant seed of Avena fatua L.","authors":"N. Maherchandani","doi":"10.1016/0033-7560(75)90018-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0033-7560(75)90018-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The effect of gamma radiation on dormant seeds of <em>Avena fatua</em> L. (wild oats) has been investigated. <em>A. fatua</em> seeds require a long after-ripening period for germination. Gibberellic acid and cold treatments are known to break seed dormancy. 10 kR of gamma radiation also produced an effect similar to these treatments. Shoot length and dry matter content of seedlings raised from 10 kR gamma-irradiated seeds were similar to those raised from control seeds. Higher radiation doses promoted seed germination but they also caused a reduction of seedling growth. Probable mechanisms by which gamma radiation may bring about these effects have been discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20794,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Botany","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 439-443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0033-7560(75)90018-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80133519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-12-01DOI: 10.1016/0033-7560(75)90004-6
T.V. Armentano , B.R. Holt , P.J. Bottino
Soil nutrients (extractable P. and NO3-N, exchangeable Ca, Mg and K), exchangeable Al, pH and organic matter content were measured over the top six inches of the soils of the seven-year old-field portion and the cultivated portion of the Brookhaven gamma field. Although concentrations of all nutrient elements were higher in the agricultural soil, the distributions of Ca, P, Al, pH and organic matter were similar along the radiation gradient in both fields. There was also a regular reduction in phosphorus with decreasing exposure, but distribution of other elements was not clearly related to radiation effects. The distribution of all elements except K was significantly correlated with pH in the agricultural soil. In the old-field only Ca, Mg and Al showed this relationship. The most conspicuous effects of nearly 25 yr of chronic irradiation of the site were a reduction in soil organic matter content and an increase in soil P in both fields.
{"title":"Soil nutrient content of old-field and agricultural ecosystems exposed to chronic gamma irradiation","authors":"T.V. Armentano , B.R. Holt , P.J. Bottino","doi":"10.1016/0033-7560(75)90004-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0033-7560(75)90004-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soil nutrients (extractable P. and NO<sub>3</sub>-N, exchangeable Ca, Mg and K), exchangeable Al, pH and organic matter content were measured over the top six inches of the soils of the seven-year old-field portion and the cultivated portion of the Brookhaven gamma field. Although concentrations of all nutrient elements were higher in the agricultural soil, the distributions of Ca, P, Al, pH and organic matter were similar along the radiation gradient in both fields. There was also a regular reduction in phosphorus with decreasing exposure, but distribution of other elements was not clearly related to radiation effects. The distribution of all elements except K was significantly correlated with pH in the agricultural soil. In the old-field only Ca, Mg and Al showed this relationship. The most conspicuous effects of nearly 25 yr of chronic irradiation of the site were a reduction in soil organic matter content and an increase in soil P in both fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20794,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Botany","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 329-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0033-7560(75)90004-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79006500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1975-12-01DOI: 10.1016/0033-7560(75)90006-X
Jacqueline Bayonove, J.N. Marien, D. Ravelomanana, A. Soler, R. Jonard, R. Marie, P. Pereau Leroy
This paper summarizes experiments carried out in the south of France to define some radiobiological characteristics of a certain variety of rice seeds in the Camargue: Oryza sativa L. c. v. Cigalon Marie, and to test treatments which provide radioprotection or promote recovery. Radio-induced damage is measured by means of the sum of seedling heights, this criterion being sometimes specified by the examination of its two components: the average height of the seedlings and the number of survivors.
The results show that if high exposures to 60Co γ-rays are used then seeds must be used with a water content of not less than 13% and sowing must take place as soon as possible after exposure to minimize storage effect.
A natural result of protection appears after soaking seeds at a low temperature (5°C) then dehydrating them at 32°C to bring back their initial moisture content, before irradiation. This effect is maximum when the time sequence of the treatment allows a complete hydration of the seeds. It is not due to the elimination of a radiosensitizer through soaking but might be ascribed to modifications in enzymatic protein structure during soaking at a low temperature. On the contrary, soaking at a high temperature (32°C) results in an increased radio-sensitivity.
It is possible to induce recovery after irradiation if irradiated seeds are grown on a medium containing commercial yeast extract. The earlier and longer the application, the better the recovery. Extracts prepared from yeast cell culture, as well as RNA extracted from them, promote a recovery effect. All these extracts which stimulate growth of rice seedlings during their exponential stage in the laboratory and increase the number of surviving plants in the field, might contain a recovery-promoting constituent whose chemical composition is still to be found.
本文总结了在法国南部进行的试验,以确定Camargue: Oryza sativa L. c. v. Cigalon Marie中某品种水稻种子的一些放射生物学特性,并试验了提供放射防护或促进恢复的处理方法。辐射引起的损害是用幼苗高度的总和来衡量的,这一标准有时是通过检查其两个组成部分来确定的:幼苗的平均高度和幸存者的数量。结果表明,如果使用60Co γ射线高暴露,则种子必须在含水量不低于13%的情况下使用,并在暴露后尽快播种,以尽量减少储存影响。在低温(5°C)浸泡种子,然后在32°C脱水,使其恢复到辐照前的初始水分含量,这是保护的自然结果。当处理的时间顺序允许种子完全水化时,这种效果最大。这不是由于通过浸泡消除了放射增敏剂,而可能是由于在低温浸泡期间酶蛋白结构的改变。相反,在高温(32°C)下浸泡会导致辐射灵敏度增加。如果辐照后的种子在含有商业酵母提取物的培养基上生长,则有可能诱导辐照后的恢复。越早越长,恢复得越好。从酵母细胞培养物中提取的提取物,以及从中提取的RNA,促进了恢复效果。所有这些在实验室中刺激水稻幼苗指数期生长和增加田间成活植株数量的提取物,都可能含有一种促进恢复的成分,其化学成分尚待发现。
{"title":"Recherches recentes sur l'irradiation d'un Riz Francais de camargue","authors":"Jacqueline Bayonove, J.N. Marien, D. Ravelomanana, A. Soler, R. Jonard, R. Marie, P. Pereau Leroy","doi":"10.1016/0033-7560(75)90006-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0033-7560(75)90006-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper summarizes experiments carried out in the south of France to define some radiobiological characteristics of a certain variety of rice seeds in the Camargue: <em>Oryza sativa</em> L. c. v. Cigalon Marie, and to test treatments which provide radioprotection or promote recovery. Radio-induced damage is measured by means of the sum of seedling heights, this criterion being sometimes specified by the examination of its two components: the average height of the seedlings and the number of survivors.</p><p>The results show that if high exposures to <sup>60</sup>Co γ-rays are used then seeds must be used with a water content of not less than 13% and sowing must take place as soon as possible after exposure to minimize storage effect.</p><p>A natural result of protection appears after soaking seeds at a low temperature (5°C) then dehydrating them at 32°C to bring back their initial moisture content, before irradiation. This effect is maximum when the time sequence of the treatment allows a complete hydration of the seeds. It is not due to the elimination of a radiosensitizer through soaking but might be ascribed to modifications in enzymatic protein structure during soaking at a low temperature. On the contrary, soaking at a high temperature (32°C) results in an increased radio-sensitivity.</p><p>It is possible to induce recovery after irradiation if irradiated seeds are grown on a medium containing commercial yeast extract. The earlier and longer the application, the better the recovery. Extracts prepared from yeast cell culture, as well as RNA extracted from them, promote a recovery effect. All these extracts which stimulate growth of rice seedlings during their exponential stage in the laboratory and increase the number of surviving plants in the field, might contain a recovery-promoting constituent whose chemical composition is still to be found.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20794,"journal":{"name":"Radiation Botany","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 349-362"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1975-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0033-7560(75)90006-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91267407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}