Indoor radon (222Rn), thoron (220Rn) and their progeny concentrations have been measured in different types of buildings at different locations in different dwellings in different seasons in Hassan city, Karnataka, using time-integrated passive radon dosemeters containing LR-115 Type II solid-state nuclear track detectors. The annual effective dose due to radon and thoron has been estimated. The activity concentrations were observed to be highest in winter and lowest in summer, and the data also shows that bathrooms and kitchens have significantly higher radon-thoron concentrations and annual effective doses.
在卡纳塔克邦哈桑市的不同季节,使用含有 LR-115 II 型固态核轨道探测器的时间积分被动式氡剂量计测量了不同类型建筑物不同位置不同住宅中的室内氡(222Rn)、钍(220Rn)及其后代浓度。对氡和钍造成的年有效剂量进行了估算。数据还显示,浴室和厨房的氡-钍浓度和年有效剂量明显较高。
{"title":"Study on seasonal variation of radon, thoron, and their progeny levels in indoor environments and their radiological effects on human health.","authors":"Erathimmaiah Srinivasa, Shesha Suresh, Devagondanahalli Rangegowda Rangaswamy, Jadiyappa Sannappa","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncae019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indoor radon (222Rn), thoron (220Rn) and their progeny concentrations have been measured in different types of buildings at different locations in different dwellings in different seasons in Hassan city, Karnataka, using time-integrated passive radon dosemeters containing LR-115 Type II solid-state nuclear track detectors. The annual effective dose due to radon and thoron has been estimated. The activity concentrations were observed to be highest in winter and lowest in summer, and the data also shows that bathrooms and kitchens have significantly higher radon-thoron concentrations and annual effective doses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madhura N Talwar, Asha P Shirni, Sweekar Baradekoppa Ramesh, Gnana Prakash Akkanagowda Patel
The effect of 60Co gamma irradiation on gallium oxide and titanium oxide (Ga2O3-TiO2) nanocomposites are investigated in the present study. The Ga2O3-TiO2 nanocomposite was synthesized by hydrothermal method at 120°C. The precursors for the synthesis consist of gallium nitrate anhydrous and titanium trichloride along with sodium hydroxide to achieve the pH of 9. The synthesized Ga2O3-TiO2 was subjected to 60Co gamma irradiation for different doses such as 25, 50 and 75 kGy. The morphological, optical and microstructural characteristics were studied using scanning electron microscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The results shows that the gamma irradiation induces significant changes in the Ga2O3-TiO2 microstructure and there is increase in the grain size and bandgap of the nanocomposites.
{"title":"Effect of 60Co gamma irradiation on hydrothermally synthesized Ga2O3-Tio2 nanocomposites.","authors":"Madhura N Talwar, Asha P Shirni, Sweekar Baradekoppa Ramesh, Gnana Prakash Akkanagowda Patel","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncae002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of 60Co gamma irradiation on gallium oxide and titanium oxide (Ga2O3-TiO2) nanocomposites are investigated in the present study. The Ga2O3-TiO2 nanocomposite was synthesized by hydrothermal method at 120°C. The precursors for the synthesis consist of gallium nitrate anhydrous and titanium trichloride along with sodium hydroxide to achieve the pH of 9. The synthesized Ga2O3-TiO2 was subjected to 60Co gamma irradiation for different doses such as 25, 50 and 75 kGy. The morphological, optical and microstructural characteristics were studied using scanning electron microscopy, UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The results shows that the gamma irradiation induces significant changes in the Ga2O3-TiO2 microstructure and there is increase in the grain size and bandgap of the nanocomposites.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neutron induced reactions play a vital role in the field of nuclear and particle physics. An effort was made to study the neutron-induced reaction cross-section of 115In(n,γ)116mIn with 197Au(n,γ)198Au as monitor reaction and carried out the reaction for the neutron energies of 13.520 ± 0.005 and 14.54 ± 0.24 MeV. The neutrons obtained from the D-T fusion reaction of Purnima neutron generator were used for the activation of the given reaction and the monitor. The covariance analysis and the partial uncertainties due to various attributes were utilised for estimating the uncertainty propagation and hence obtained the correlation for measured reaction cross-sections. The measured reaction cross-sections have been validated with earlier reported data from EXFOR, ENDF data of various libraries, and also theoretically calculated the values of the TALYS-1.9 code.
{"title":"Analysis of 115In(n,γ)116mIn reaction cross-section and covariance for 13.52 MeV and 14.54 MeV neutron induced energies.","authors":"Sunitha Aladahalli Madegowda, Rudraswamy Basavanna, Kamsali Nagaraja","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncae050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neutron induced reactions play a vital role in the field of nuclear and particle physics. An effort was made to study the neutron-induced reaction cross-section of 115In(n,γ)116mIn with 197Au(n,γ)198Au as monitor reaction and carried out the reaction for the neutron energies of 13.520 ± 0.005 and 14.54 ± 0.24 MeV. The neutrons obtained from the D-T fusion reaction of Purnima neutron generator were used for the activation of the given reaction and the monitor. The covariance analysis and the partial uncertainties due to various attributes were utilised for estimating the uncertainty propagation and hence obtained the correlation for measured reaction cross-sections. The measured reaction cross-sections have been validated with earlier reported data from EXFOR, ENDF data of various libraries, and also theoretically calculated the values of the TALYS-1.9 code.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the concentration of uranium in 67 groundwater samples of Chamarajanagar district, Karnataka, India, estimated using an LED fluorimeter. The age-dependent ingestion dose to the population of the district is also studied. The concentration of uranium in groundwater varied from 0.20 to 57.50 μg L-1 with an average of 4.40 μg L-1. The annual ingestion dose due to uranium varies from 0.18 to 142.68 μSv y-1, with an average of 7.11 μSv y-1. The ingestion dose received by the population in the study area is less than the recommended level of 100 μSv y-1 by the World Health Organization (2011).
{"title":"Radiation dose due to uranium in groundwater to the population of Chamarajanagar district, Karnataka, India.","authors":"Bevinathalapura Shankarappa Kempalingappa Lavanya, Shivachara Nandish Namitha, Smithri Manilal, Malay Ghosh, Mallupura Shrirangaiah Chandrashekara","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncad325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncad325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents the concentration of uranium in 67 groundwater samples of Chamarajanagar district, Karnataka, India, estimated using an LED fluorimeter. The age-dependent ingestion dose to the population of the district is also studied. The concentration of uranium in groundwater varied from 0.20 to 57.50 μg L-1 with an average of 4.40 μg L-1. The annual ingestion dose due to uranium varies from 0.18 to 142.68 μSv y-1, with an average of 7.11 μSv y-1. The ingestion dose received by the population in the study area is less than the recommended level of 100 μSv y-1 by the World Health Organization (2011).</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Donakuppe N Deepika, Madalakote R Ambika, Karunakara Naregundi, Sudeep Kumara, Kanishettyhalli Nagaraja V Kumar, Ningaiah Nagaiah
Uranium occurs naturally in groundwater and surface water. Being a radioactive element, high uranium concentration can cause impact on human health. The health effects associated with consumption of uranium through water includes increased cancer risk and kidney toxicity. In view of this, an attempt was made in the present study to establish the level of radiological and chemical toxicity of uranium. Radiological toxicity was evaluated in terms of lifetime cancer risk and chemical toxicity through hazard quotient. For the said purpose, groundwater samples from the selected villages of the surrounding region of the Manchanabele reservoir, southwest of Bengaluru, were collected. The collected groundwater samples were analysed for Uranium mass concentration using Light emitting diode (LED) fluorimeter and is found to range from 0.88 to 581.47 ppb with a GM of 20.82 ppb. The result reveals that ~ 66% of the samples show concentration of uranium within the safe limit of 30 ppb as set by the World Health Organisation. The radiological risk estimated in terms of lifetime cancer risk is in the range of 0.0028 × 10-3 to 1.85 × 10-3 with a GM of 0.066 × 10-3. The chemical toxicity risk measured as lifetime annual daily dose is found to range from 0.03 to 21.65 μg per kg per d with a GM of 0.77 μg per kg per d.
{"title":"Studies on uranium concentration in groundwater samples and its associated health hazards to the residents of surrounding regions of Manchanabele reservoir, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.","authors":"Donakuppe N Deepika, Madalakote R Ambika, Karunakara Naregundi, Sudeep Kumara, Kanishettyhalli Nagaraja V Kumar, Ningaiah Nagaiah","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncae044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uranium occurs naturally in groundwater and surface water. Being a radioactive element, high uranium concentration can cause impact on human health. The health effects associated with consumption of uranium through water includes increased cancer risk and kidney toxicity. In view of this, an attempt was made in the present study to establish the level of radiological and chemical toxicity of uranium. Radiological toxicity was evaluated in terms of lifetime cancer risk and chemical toxicity through hazard quotient. For the said purpose, groundwater samples from the selected villages of the surrounding region of the Manchanabele reservoir, southwest of Bengaluru, were collected. The collected groundwater samples were analysed for Uranium mass concentration using Light emitting diode (LED) fluorimeter and is found to range from 0.88 to 581.47 ppb with a GM of 20.82 ppb. The result reveals that ~ 66% of the samples show concentration of uranium within the safe limit of 30 ppb as set by the World Health Organisation. The radiological risk estimated in terms of lifetime cancer risk is in the range of 0.0028 × 10-3 to 1.85 × 10-3 with a GM of 0.066 × 10-3. The chemical toxicity risk measured as lifetime annual daily dose is found to range from 0.03 to 21.65 μg per kg per d with a GM of 0.77 μg per kg per d.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Archanadevi R Mugalgaon, Rajesh S Mugalgaon, Basavaraj R Kerur, Shesha Suresh
Radionuclide activity of the selected radionuclides 238U, 232Th and 40K was measured in surface soil samples collected from 40 villages of the western part of Yadgir district of Karnataka. A 4″ × 4″ NaI (Tl) detector based on a gamma spectrometer is used for the estimation of radionuclides. The major type of soil in this region is sandy and red. The 222Rn activity concentrations in drinking water were determined by the Emanometry method. The 222Rn activity in ground water is found to vary from 1.73 to 155.6 Bql-1. The total annual effective doses because of 222Rn inhalation and ingestion range from 4.72 to 424.84 μSv y-1 with an average value of 108.8 μSv y-1, respectively. Among the sampling stations, Shahapur and Shorapur soil samples show higher activity values than the Kembhavi and Hunasagi sampling stations soil samples.
{"title":"Assessment of naturally occurring radionuclides in surface soil and drinking water from western part of Yadgir district Karnataka, India.","authors":"Archanadevi R Mugalgaon, Rajesh S Mugalgaon, Basavaraj R Kerur, Shesha Suresh","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncae022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Radionuclide activity of the selected radionuclides 238U, 232Th and 40K was measured in surface soil samples collected from 40 villages of the western part of Yadgir district of Karnataka. A 4″ × 4″ NaI (Tl) detector based on a gamma spectrometer is used for the estimation of radionuclides. The major type of soil in this region is sandy and red. The 222Rn activity concentrations in drinking water were determined by the Emanometry method. The 222Rn activity in ground water is found to vary from 1.73 to 155.6 Bql-1. The total annual effective doses because of 222Rn inhalation and ingestion range from 4.72 to 424.84 μSv y-1 with an average value of 108.8 μSv y-1, respectively. Among the sampling stations, Shahapur and Shorapur soil samples show higher activity values than the Kembhavi and Hunasagi sampling stations soil samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resmi K Bharathan, Irfana Thasni, Musthafa Musthafa, Suja Cheruliyil Ayyappan, Silpa Ajaykumar, Lisha Jose
Improved imaging techniques and modern radiotherapy treatment delivery in the treatment field are reduced to the precise size of the tumor, which necessitates the need for small-field dosimetry. Dosimetry in small-field dosimetry is challenging because most of the available code of practice for dosimetry is based on the cavity theory concept. Some small-sized detectors show good spatial resolution and sensitivity. Of the available small detectors, the diamond detector's performance is remarkably good. Most of the centers for radiotherapy lack diamond detectors. In this situation, if a diode detector is available, we can use it for small-field dosimetry by applying the Daisy Chaining method correction methods. In this study, the diode detector's response is not over-responding because of the defective diode. So this diode cannot be used for further measurements, and we have to regularly check the performance of the diode before using it for measurements.
{"title":"Feasibility study of shielded diode detector for small field dosimetry.","authors":"Resmi K Bharathan, Irfana Thasni, Musthafa Musthafa, Suja Cheruliyil Ayyappan, Silpa Ajaykumar, Lisha Jose","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncae051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Improved imaging techniques and modern radiotherapy treatment delivery in the treatment field are reduced to the precise size of the tumor, which necessitates the need for small-field dosimetry. Dosimetry in small-field dosimetry is challenging because most of the available code of practice for dosimetry is based on the cavity theory concept. Some small-sized detectors show good spatial resolution and sensitivity. Of the available small detectors, the diamond detector's performance is remarkably good. Most of the centers for radiotherapy lack diamond detectors. In this situation, if a diode detector is available, we can use it for small-field dosimetry by applying the Daisy Chaining method correction methods. In this study, the diode detector's response is not over-responding because of the defective diode. So this diode cannot be used for further measurements, and we have to regularly check the performance of the diode before using it for measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asha P Shirni, Madhura N Talwar, Sweekar B R, Gnana Prakash Akkanagouda Patil
The influence of 60Co gamma radiation on Molybdenum Oxide-Cerium Oxide (MoO3-CeO2) nanocomposite is investigated in the present study. The MoO3-CeO2 nanocomposite was synthesized by conventional hydrothermal route. Ammonium hepta molybdate tetrahydrate [(NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O] and cerium nitrate [Ce (NO3)3.4H2O] were used as the precursors. The composite was subjected to high energy gamma irradiation for different doses of 50, 100 and 150 kGy using 60Co gamma irradiation chamber. The structural study was carried out using X-ray diffraction, the morphological studies were carried out using scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was carried out to study the optical properties before and after irradiation. The crystallite size was found to increase with increasing doses of gamma irradiation. The morphology of the samples shows that the nanoparticles tend to agglomerate with increasing doses of gamma radiation. The energy bandgap of the MoO3-CeO2 nanocomposite was calculated before and after irradiation and found to decrease with increasing doses of irradiation upto 100 kGy and then increases for 150 kGy.
{"title":"Influence of 60Co gamma radiation on the structural, morphological and optical properties of hydrothermally synthesized MoO3-CeO2 nanocomposite.","authors":"Asha P Shirni, Madhura N Talwar, Sweekar B R, Gnana Prakash Akkanagouda Patil","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncad329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncad329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The influence of 60Co gamma radiation on Molybdenum Oxide-Cerium Oxide (MoO3-CeO2) nanocomposite is investigated in the present study. The MoO3-CeO2 nanocomposite was synthesized by conventional hydrothermal route. Ammonium hepta molybdate tetrahydrate [(NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O] and cerium nitrate [Ce (NO3)3.4H2O] were used as the precursors. The composite was subjected to high energy gamma irradiation for different doses of 50, 100 and 150 kGy using 60Co gamma irradiation chamber. The structural study was carried out using X-ray diffraction, the morphological studies were carried out using scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy was carried out to study the optical properties before and after irradiation. The crystallite size was found to increase with increasing doses of gamma irradiation. The morphology of the samples shows that the nanoparticles tend to agglomerate with increasing doses of gamma radiation. The energy bandgap of the MoO3-CeO2 nanocomposite was calculated before and after irradiation and found to decrease with increasing doses of irradiation upto 100 kGy and then increases for 150 kGy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madalakote Rajanna Ambika, Sherry S Kuttukaran, Ningaiah Nagaiah, Raveendra Melavanki, Shivappa K Shashi Kumar, Santosh Kumar Suman
Polydimethyl silicone rubber-based polymer composites filled with molybdenum and bismuth were fabricated using simple open mold cast technique. The physical and chemical structure and gamma shielding parameters like attenuation coefficient, half-value layer (HVL) thickness and relaxation length have been investigated for the said novel materials using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gamma ray spectrometer. XRD study reveals the crystalline nature of the composites. It is evident from FTIR studies that there is no chemical interaction between the polymer matrix and filler particles. The results of attenuation studies reveal that the linear attenuation coefficient increases with addition of Bi and Mo and is found to be 0.653, 1.341 and 1.017, 1.793 and 0.102, 0.152 cm-1 for 1MMB and 2MMB polymer composites at 80, 356 and 662 keV gamma rays, respectively. The HVL thickness of the materials is found to be 1.06, 0.51 and 0.68, 0.38 and 6.73, 4.532 cm for 1MMB (20Mo + 10Bi phr) and 2MMB (40Mo + 20Bi phr) at these energies, respectively. The mass attenuation coefficient of the novel composites 1MMB and 2MMB is found to be higher than the conventional materials like lead and barite for 356 keV gamma rays. In addition, the material is found to be light weight and flexible enabling to be molded in required forms, thus being a substitute for the material lead that is known to be heavy and toxic by nature.
{"title":"Multifiller-based polymer composites for shielding high energy ionising radiation.","authors":"Madalakote Rajanna Ambika, Sherry S Kuttukaran, Ningaiah Nagaiah, Raveendra Melavanki, Shivappa K Shashi Kumar, Santosh Kumar Suman","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncae010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polydimethyl silicone rubber-based polymer composites filled with molybdenum and bismuth were fabricated using simple open mold cast technique. The physical and chemical structure and gamma shielding parameters like attenuation coefficient, half-value layer (HVL) thickness and relaxation length have been investigated for the said novel materials using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gamma ray spectrometer. XRD study reveals the crystalline nature of the composites. It is evident from FTIR studies that there is no chemical interaction between the polymer matrix and filler particles. The results of attenuation studies reveal that the linear attenuation coefficient increases with addition of Bi and Mo and is found to be 0.653, 1.341 and 1.017, 1.793 and 0.102, 0.152 cm-1 for 1MMB and 2MMB polymer composites at 80, 356 and 662 keV gamma rays, respectively. The HVL thickness of the materials is found to be 1.06, 0.51 and 0.68, 0.38 and 6.73, 4.532 cm for 1MMB (20Mo + 10Bi phr) and 2MMB (40Mo + 20Bi phr) at these energies, respectively. The mass attenuation coefficient of the novel composites 1MMB and 2MMB is found to be higher than the conventional materials like lead and barite for 356 keV gamma rays. In addition, the material is found to be light weight and flexible enabling to be molded in required forms, thus being a substitute for the material lead that is known to be heavy and toxic by nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N-channel depletion metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) were irradiated with 60Co gamma radiation in the dose range of 100 krad to 6 Mrad at cryogenic (77 K) and room temperatures (300 K). The MOS devices irradiated at 77 K and 300 K were characterized at 77 K and 300 K respectively. The different electrical parameters of MOSFET such as threshold voltage (Vth), density of interface trapped charges (ΔNit), density of oxide trapped charges (ΔNot) and mobility of the charge carriers (μ) were studied as a function of total dose. A considerable increase in ΔNit and ΔNot and decrease in Vth was observed after irradiation. The 77 K irradiation results were then compared with 300 K irradiation results and found that the degradation in the electrical characteristics is more for the devices irradiated at 300 K.
在低温(77 K)和室温(300 K)下,用 60Co 伽马射线辐照 N 沟道耗尽型金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET),辐照剂量范围为 100 krad 至 6 Mrad。在 77 K 和 300 K 温度下辐照的 MOS 器件分别进行了表征。研究了 MOSFET 的不同电气参数,如阈值电压(Vth)、界面俘获电荷密度(ΔNit)、氧化物俘获电荷密度(ΔNot)和电荷载流子迁移率(μ)与总剂量的函数关系。辐照后观察到 ΔNit 和 ΔNot 显著增加,Vth 下降。然后将 77 K 的辐照结果与 300 K 的辐照结果进行比较,发现在 300 K 下辐照的器件的电气特性退化程度更大。
{"title":"An investigation of 60Co gamma radiation induced damage in N-channel MOSFETS at cryogenic temperature.","authors":"Arshiya Anjum, Darshan Muddubasavanna, Pushpa Nagaraj, Gnana Prakash Akkanagowda Patel","doi":"10.1093/rpd/ncae013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncae013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>N-channel depletion metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) were irradiated with 60Co gamma radiation in the dose range of 100 krad to 6 Mrad at cryogenic (77 K) and room temperatures (300 K). The MOS devices irradiated at 77 K and 300 K were characterized at 77 K and 300 K respectively. The different electrical parameters of MOSFET such as threshold voltage (Vth), density of interface trapped charges (ΔNit), density of oxide trapped charges (ΔNot) and mobility of the charge carriers (μ) were studied as a function of total dose. A considerable increase in ΔNit and ΔNot and decrease in Vth was observed after irradiation. The 77 K irradiation results were then compared with 300 K irradiation results and found that the degradation in the electrical characteristics is more for the devices irradiated at 300 K.</p>","PeriodicalId":20795,"journal":{"name":"Radiation protection dosimetry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}