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Paramagnetic Defects in Crystalline Quartz and Its Applications to Electron Spin Resonance Dating 晶体石英的顺磁缺陷及其在电子自旋共振测年中的应用
Pub Date : 2021-03-15 DOI: 10.3769/RADIOISOTOPES.70.95
S. Toyoda
Electron spin resonance dating is based on the principle that natural radiation creates paramagnetic defects in minerals. The method has been applied to various minerals starting from calcite of speleothems. As quartz is one of the most common minerals on the surface of the Earth, many applications are available on various geological events occurring on the Earth. The present review article summa-rizes the recent research results and directions of electron spin resonance dating of quartz.
电子自旋共振测年是基于自然辐射在矿物中产生顺磁性缺陷的原理。该方法已应用于从方解石开始的各种矿物。由于石英是地球表面最常见的矿物之一,因此在地球上发生的各种地质事件中都有许多应用。本文综述了近年来石英电子自旋共振测年的研究成果和研究方向。
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引用次数: 0
Thermochronometric Studies of Mountains in Island Arc Settings Based on Fission-track Method: A Review 基于裂变径迹法的岛弧山区热时学研究综述
Pub Date : 2021-03-15 DOI: 10.3769/RADIOISOTOPES.70.173
Shoma Fukuda, S. Sueoka, T. Tagami
Thermochronometric studies (e.g., fission-track thermo chronometry) on major orogenic belts, such as collision zones and/or cratons have been successfully conducted since 1970s. However, such studies in arc-trench systems were limited so far. According to the development of thermochronology in three decades, the applicability for these regions has been identified. Thus, recent thermochronomet ric studies in an island arc setting have been proceeding. This paper introduces the concept and the current status of thermochronometric studies for mountain building process on arc-trench settings, especially these case studies in island arcs.
自20世纪70年代以来,对碰撞带和/或克拉通等主要造山带进行了热时学研究(如裂变径迹热时学)。然而,到目前为止,这种对弧-沟系统的研究是有限的。根据近三十年来热年代学的发展,确定了这些地区的适用性。因此,最近在岛弧环境下的热时计研究一直在进行。本文介绍了弧-海沟环境下造山过程的热时学研究的概念和现状,特别是对岛弧的热时学研究。
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引用次数: 0
Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) Dating of Sediments 沉积物的光激发发光(OSL)测年
Pub Date : 2021-03-15 DOI: 10.3769/RADIOISOTOPES.70.147
Kazumi Ito, 伊藤一充
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引用次数: 0
Annual Reduction of Transfer Factor of Radiocesium from Soil to Rice Cultivated in a KCl Fertilized Paddy Field from 2015 to 2019 2015 - 2019年钾肥稻田土壤中放射性元素向水稻转移因子的年减少量
Pub Date : 2021-02-15 DOI: 10.3769/RADIOISOTOPES.70.63
Ichio, N. Nihei, A. Hirose, N. Kobayashi, Muneo Kanno, M. Mizoguchi
We performed consecutive field trials of rice cultivation to monitor radiocesium contamination in harvested rice from 2012, in the Iitate Village in Fukushima Prefecture, where people were forced to be evacuated due to high level of radioactive contamination caused by the disaster at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant of Tokyo Electric Power. The early year results (2012–2013)1, 2) showed the radiocesium concentration in the brown rice was reduced depending on the decontaminated level of paddy soil and on the exchangeable K content of the soil. This report of later year results (2015–2019) showed further more than 80% reduction of 137Cs concentration in the brown rice and straw at KCl fertilized paddy soil, in spite of little reduction of 137Cs concentration of the soil. The transfer factor of 137Cs from soil to brown rice reduced from 0.0022 in 2015 to 0.0003 in 2019 and that to straw reduced from 0.0262 in 2015 to 0.0028 in 2019, respectively. Exchangeable positive ions of the soil were also analyzed. Multiple regression analyses of all data of transfer factor in 2015 to 2019 to year (ageing) and exchangeable K ion as variables shows that the main causal factor is year (ageing) with some supportive effect of increase of exchangeable K ion. This implicates that radiocesium in soil was gradually transformed to a form more difficult to be absorbed by rice, that is, 137Cs immobilization or fixation on clay minerals by ageing, not only in early years after the accident (2011–2015), but also in later years (2015–2019). This implication was supported by comparative analysis of exchangeable 137Cs of dry soil of 2017, 2018 and 2019.
从2012年开始,我们在福岛县的Iitate村进行了连续的水稻种植田间试验,以监测收获的水稻中的放射性污染。由于东京电力公司福岛第一核电站的灾难造成了高水平的放射性污染,那里的人们被迫撤离。早期结果(2012-2013)1,2)表明,糙米中的放射性铯浓度随水稻土净化水平和土壤交换态钾含量的不同而降低。该报告显示,在施用KCl的水稻土中,糙米和秸秆中的137Cs浓度进一步降低了80%以上,尽管土壤中的137Cs浓度几乎没有下降。137Cs从土壤到糙米的转移系数从2015年的0.0022降低到2019年的0.0003,到秸秆的转移系数从2015年的0.0262降低到2019年的0.0028。并对土壤的交换性正离子进行了分析。对2015 - 2019年所有传递因子数据以年份(老龄化)和可交换K离子为变量进行多元回归分析表明,主要原因是年份(老龄化),可交换K离子的增加有一定的支持作用。这表明,不仅在事故发生后的最初几年(2011-2015年),而且在随后的几年(2015-2019年),土壤中的放射性元素逐渐转变为一种更难以被水稻吸收的形式,即137Cs通过老化固定或固定在粘土矿物上。2017年、2018年和2019年干土可交换性137Cs的对比分析支持了这一结论。
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引用次数: 3
Radioactivity Survey of Total Diet and Boxed Lunches in Saitama Prefecture from 2016 to 2018 2016 - 2018年埼玉县总膳食及盒装午餐放射性调查
Pub Date : 2021-02-15 DOI: 10.3769/radioisotopes.70.85
Y. Nagahama, Saki Kato, Osamu Sakata, Norio Nagashima, S. Miyake, Terumitsu Yoshida, Rie Ishii
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引用次数: 0
Disinfection of Woodblocks of the Nguyen Dynasty of Vietnam by Low-Energy X-rays 越南阮朝木版的低能x射线消毒
Pub Date : 2021-02-15 DOI: 10.3769/RADIOISOTOPES.70.55
N. Linh, N. A. Sơn, M. Furuta, T. Kume
The effects of low-energy X-ray irradiation were investigated as an intervention strategy for the disinfection of fungi-contaminated woodblocks. Fungi were isolated from the woodblocks of the Nguyen dynasty of Vietnam and Cladosporium sp. was identified as the most radiation-resistant strain in the woodblock. The dose rates of the F1 (1-mm-aluminum filtered) and F0 (non-filtered) X-rays at the surface of the woodblock were 1.14 and 4.64 kGy/h, respectively. At the middle (8.5 mm from the surface) of the woodblock, the doses of the F1 and F0 X-rays decreased to 76% and 20% of the surface doses, respectively. The F1 X-rays were useful for irradiating the inside of the woodblock; the concentration of the fungi at the middle decreased by more than 4 log fractions at 6.2 kGy and the fungi were eliminated with a surface dose of 8.3 kGy. Furthermore, the contaminated fungi in the woodblock were disinfected by both-side irradiation with F1 X-rays delivering a dose of 10 kGy at a dose uniformity of 1.04.
研究了低能x射线辐照对真菌污染木版消毒的干预效果。从越南阮朝木版画中分离到真菌,鉴定出木版画中抗辐射能力最强的菌种是枝孢菌。木版表面F1 (1 mm铝过滤)和F0(未过滤)x射线的剂量率分别为1.14和4.64 kGy/h。在木版中部(距表面8.5 mm), F1和F0 x射线的剂量分别下降到表面剂量的76%和20%。F1 x射线用于照射木版的内部;在6.2 kGy时,真菌在中间的浓度下降了4个log分数以上,当表面剂量为8.3 kGy时,真菌被消灭。此外,用10 kGy剂量均匀度为1.04的F1 x射线双侧照射对木版中污染真菌进行消毒。
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引用次数: 0
Calculation of Effective Dose Transmission of 60Co, 65Zn, 124Sb, 187W, 184Re and 196Au Produced by Operation of the Clinical Linear Accelerator 临床直线加速器运行产生60Co、65Zn、124Sb、187W、184Re、196Au的有效剂量透射率计算
Pub Date : 2021-02-15 DOI: 10.3769/RADIOISOTOPES.70.73
S. Fukano, 深野重男
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引用次数: 0
Study on Method for Simultaneous Determination of Ambient Dose Equivalent Rates and Activity Concentration in Air for Environmental Radiation Monitoring 环境辐射监测中空气中剂量当量率和活度浓度同时测定方法的研究
Pub Date : 2021-01-15 DOI: 10.3769/RADIOISOTOPES.70.1
M. Kowatari, 古渡意彦, Y. Tanimura, 谷村嘉彦, P. Kessler, S. Neumaier, A. Röttger
For proper environmental radiation monitoring, a method to simultaneously determine ambient dose equivalent rate and radioactivity concentration in the air by using a newly developed scintillation spectrometer, namely a CeBr 3 spectrometer was investigated. The performance of the proposed method, including energy dependence, angular dependence and the linearity of the spectrometer (i.e. the dose rate dependence of its re-sponse), was verified by a series of measurements, conducted according to the procedure of inter-comparison of detectors used for early warning network performed by the European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS). Measurement results show that the proposed method is suitable for environmental radiation monitoring pur-poses. After thorough tests, the investigation on obtaining activity concentration in air from the pulse height spectrum of γ-ray was demonstrated in the laboratory by using a point-like sealed 133 Ba source to simulate an artificial increase of ambient dose equivalent rate due to a radioactive cloud containing 131 I and 133 Xe. The photon fluence rate was obtained from the pulse height spectrum by using the unfolding method, and the activ ity concentration in air for radionuclides of interest could be estimated from the obtained photon fluence rate by applying the conversion coefficient evaluated via a Monte Carlo calculation.
为了进行环境辐射监测,研究了利用新研制的cebr3闪烁光谱仪同时测定环境剂量当量率和空气中放射性浓度的方法。根据欧洲辐射剂量测定组(EURADOS)进行的早期预警网络探测器比对程序,通过一系列测量验证了所提出方法的性能,包括能量依赖性、角度依赖性和光谱仪的线性度(即其响应的剂量率依赖性)。实测结果表明,该方法适用于环境辐射监测。经过充分的试验,在实验室中利用一个点状密封的133ba源模拟了由于含有133i和133xe的放射性云造成的环境剂量当量率的人工增加,证明了从γ射线脉冲高度谱中获得空气中活度浓度的研究。利用展开法从脉冲高度谱得到了光子通量率,利用蒙特卡罗计算得到的转换系数,可以从得到的光子通量率估计出空气中放射性核素的活度浓度。
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引用次数: 0
Differences in Fallout-Derived 137Cs and Naturally-Derived 133Cs Transfer to Fruit in Persimmon Tree 放射性尘降源137Cs与自然源133Cs向柿子果实转移的差异
Pub Date : 2021-01-15 DOI: 10.3769/RADIOISOTOPES.70.19
S. Horii, A. Kuwana, M. Hachinohe, S. Kusaba
To confirm the contamination by radiocaesium, the concentrations of 137 Cs and 133 Cs of Japanese persim mon fruits and soils were measured in several orchards. Over 3 years, the 137 Cs concentration tended to decrease in many orchards, and there was no significant difference in the transfer factor. Additionally, 5 to 7 years after the accident, the effect of above-ground contamination seemed to be decreasing, and radiocaesium contamination by roots was likely negligible. The 133 Cs concentration in the soil was similar in all orchards; however, the 133 Cs concentration of fruits in one orchard was higher than that in the other orchards.
为了证实放射性铯的污染,在几个果园对日本柿子果实和土壤中的137cs和133cs进行了测定。在3年内,许多果园的137cs浓度有降低的趋势,但在转移因子上没有显著差异。此外,在事故发生5至7年后,地上污染的影响似乎正在减弱,根部的放射性铯污染可能可以忽略不计。各果园土壤中133 - Cs含量基本一致;但其中一个果园果实中133 - Cs浓度高于其他果园。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of Environmental Behavior in Recent Years Based on the Viewpoint of Tritium (T) Concentration and Oxygen, Hydrogen Stable Isotope Ratios (δ18O, δD) in Precipitation 基于降水中氚(T)浓度和氧、氢稳定同位素(δ18O、δD)的近年环境行为评价
Pub Date : 2021-01-15 DOI: 10.3769/radioisotopes.70.41
N. Kano, T. Morohashi, Naoto Miyamoto
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引用次数: 1
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Radioisotopes
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