Quintessence international最新文献

Objectives: Our aim was to investigate the impact of smoking on pocket closure at six months after treatment of severe periodontitis, in relation to residual clinical inflammation.

Method and materials: The clinical records of deep pockets (probing depth≥6 mm, n=984) in 46 individuals with periodontitis were analyzed. Following baseline clinical assessments (plaque index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing), non-surgical periodontal treatment was performed. Clinical assessments were repeated at 2 and 24 weeks after periodontal therapy. A logistic regression model using generalised estimation equations (GEE) adapting the cluster robust standard errors was performed to investigate potential associations between bleeding on probing and pocket closure at post-treatment 24 weeks.

Results: Absence of bleeding at two weeks after non-surgical treatment related to pocket closure after six-months. Pockets that do not bleed neither at baseline nor two weeks (OR=2.7; P <.005) and pockets of non-smokers (OR=6.32; P <.001) and females (OR=1.79; P =.022) associated with pocket closure at six months.

Conclusion: Pocket closure is associated with being a non-smoker and the absence of inflammation after non-surgical periodontal treatment, which indicates the importance of smoking cessation and inflammation control in achieving optimal clinical outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of near-infrared light transillumination (NIR-LT) to detect interproximal enamel and dentinal caries lesions compared to clinical-visual inspection (VI) aided by fibre-optic transillumination (FOTI).

Method and materials: From 170 Finnish adolescents aged 15-17 years, 5294 interproximal surfaces of premolars and molars were examined first clinical-visually aided by FOTI (VI+FOTI) using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) classification. Subsequently, the surfaces were examined using NIR-LT. The extent of lesions was determined using the modified NIR-LT classification based on the Söchtig criteria. For the analyses, data on upper and lower premolars and molars were combined. Distributions of lesions were presented as frequencies. Differences between VI+FOTI and NIR-LT at the tooth and tooth surface levels were analysed by Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Sensitivity and specificity of the NIR-LT method to detect any lesion was performed using VI+FOTI as the gold standard.

Results: By VI+FOTI, 92.4% surfaces were classified as sound and by NIR-LT, 88.2%. Enamel caries lesions were found on 7.0% of the surfaces by VI+FOTI and on 11.6% by NIR-LT. Enamel lesions identified by NIR-LT were nearly double for all examined teeth groups, except for lower molars it was 1.3-fold. In 66% of the surfaces, the differences between NIR-LT and VI+FOTI findings were statistically significant (p<0.001). The sensitivity for all teeth of NIR-LT was 48.4% and the specificity was 91.1%.

Conclusion: Radiation-free NIR-LT method shows considerable potential as a supplementary method for early detection of caries lesions among low caries prevalence adolescents.

Objective: To evaluate two methods for assessing the changes in periodontitis grading in patients undergoing supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) ten years (T10) after retrospective baseline (BL) grading.

Materials and methods: The periodontitis grade of 51 SPT-patients was assessed using indirect evidence as the primary criterion for periodontitis progression at BL and T10 (radiographic bone loss/age index, periodontitis phenotype). Grading at T10 was also performed using the direct evidence for periodontitis progression (clinical attachment loss over the previous five years). The use of indirect evidence for periodontal progression at BL and T10 was defined as method 1 (M1) to assess the changes in periodontitis grading. The use of indirect evidence at BL and direct evidence at T10 was defined as method 2 (M2). Changes in periodontitis grading using M1 and M2 were evaluated (Wilcoxon signed-rank test). Agreement between M1 and M2 was assessed (Cohen's kappa).

Results: Indirect BL-grading revealed five grade B and 46 grade C patients. The indirect grading at T10 revealed 17 grade B and 34 grade C patients. The direct T10-grading classified all patients as grade C. M1 led to an overall improvement in periodontitis grading after ten years of SPT (p=0.00297), whereas M2 led to a deterioration (p=0.0369). The comparison between M1 and M2 showed that they lead to different results in terms of grading (Cohen's Kappa=0.116208).

Conclusions: Periodontitis grading may change during SPT. Using indirect or direct evidence as the primary grading criterion during SPT may lead to different results.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the degrees of dependence and presence of bacterial plaque in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the quality of life of children and their caregivers.

Method and materials: This was a cross-sectional observational study. This study included 119 individuals with ASD and their caregivers. Data were collected through a sociodemographic questionnaire, WHOQOL-Bref, and Burden interview to measure quality of life and caregiver burden, respectively. The Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant Imagé questionnaire, adapted in game format, was applied to verify quality of life in children with ASD. An oral clinical examination evaluated the visible plaque index. The collected data were tabulated and organized for statistical analysis with a significance level of 5%.

Results: It was observed that 52% of the children had a severity of ASD level 1; 70% were dependent for general activities, and 65% were dependent for oral hygiene. Of the 77 children who thoroughly answered the questionnaire about their quality of life, 64.9% had good quality of life, and 35.1% had scores below 48, that is, low quality of life. In general, the caregivers generally presented quality of life with a rate of 60.95 (good) points on the scale. It was observed that gingival bleeding greater than 30% is two (ASD 2 + ASD 3) to three (ASD 3) times more likely to occur in patients who have higher levels of ASD (P < .004).

Conclusion: It was concluded that the quality of life of individuals with ASD was good, that most children are dependent for their daily activities and oral hygiene, and that they showed reasonable plaque control. On the other hand, the caregivers presented low quality of life and moderate burden.

Objective: Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in restorative dentistry have remarkably increased in the past 5 years. This review outlines the applications, promises, and limitations of AI in the most performed procedures in restorative dentistry.

Method and materials: An electronic search was performed in four databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. The search included articles published in English language without date restriction. Two independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of the studies and performed data extraction. Any discrepancy was resolved by the consensus of a third reviewer.

Results: A total of 33 studies were included in this review. For AI applications in restorative dentistry, the included studies were classified into three main groups: (1) diagnosis, detection, and prediction of the disease, (2) detection and prediction of the longevity of dental restorations, and (3) teeth detection and treatments. For each study, the AI model, type of dataset, sample size, and main results (accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity) were reported.

Conclusions: AI systems are promising as advantageous aids for diagnosis, prediction, and treatment in dentistry, with a high degree of accuracy. Despite the AI promises, several limitations are still unresolved and must be addressed to bridge the gap between technology and clinical applications.

Objectives: This study compared the effects of leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) on patients' quality of life and the healing of palatal wounds after free gingival graft harvesting.

Method and materials: After free gingival graft harvesting, palatal donor sites of 36 patients were assigned to one of three groups: L-PRF group, A-PRF group, or palatal stent + periodontal pack group (control group). Wound healing was evaluated by H2O2 test. Pain was evaluated by visual analog scale and number of analgesics consumed. For patient quality of life, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was utilized.

Results: Complete epithelialization was higher in the control group on day 7 than in the test groups (P < .05). Complete epithelialization was achieved in all groups 14 days postoperatively. Visual analog scale scores for pain and the number of analgesic tablets consumed were similar in all groups (P > .05). OHIP-14 total scores were similar in all study groups at 7 days postoperatively (P > .05). OHIP-14 total and physical pain score was lower in the L-PRF group than the A-PRF group at 14 days postoperatively (P < .05).

Conclusion: Aside from the slight superiority of L-PRF over A-PRF, it can be concluded that both PRF procedures have similar effects on palatal wound healing and quality of life.

Objective: The aim of this report was to review oral follicular lymphoid hyperplasia, with emphasis on palatal lesions.

Method and materials: A comprehensive search was performed on PubMed for case reports and case series of palatal follicular lymphoid hyperplasia published in the English language literature. Relevant data from collated articles was sought, including patient demographics, clinical manifestations, imaging modalities and findings, comorbidities, etiopathogenesis, lesional management, and lesional outcome. A new palatal case has also been provided to illustrate several features of this lesion.

Results: In total, 32 cases were assembled to establish clinicopathologic correlations, representing the largest aggregation of published cases. Most of the affected patients were at least 60 years old and with a decisive female predilection. The majority of lesions were ≤ 3 cm, appearing as normal color, purple-red or red, and varied from soft to firm. Notably, 32% of palatal follicular lymphoid hyperplasias were associated with denture wear, and lesional recurrence was recorded in 16% of cases. To date, none of the reported cases of palatal follicular lymphoid hyperplasia has undergone malignant transformation.

Conclusions: Palatal follicular lymphoid hyperplasias often arise as a reactive process. Critical histopathologic and histochemical assessments are necessary to establish benignity. Postoperatively, clinicians should follow patients for at least 5 years for recurrence and remain vigilant for neoplastic change as several published accounts of non-oral follicular lymphoid hyperplasias have undergone malignant transformation, usually to lymphoma.

Objective: The goal was to identify the lifestyle risk factors associated with benign and potentially malignant oral disorders.

Method and materials: The study enrolled first-time patients from the Oral Pathology Section, volunteers from Oviedo, and first-time patients from the University of Oviedo dental clinic. Patients underwent a survey that included sociodemographic information, lifestyle habits, and medical history. A comprehensive examination of the oral mucosa was conducted. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were conducted using R software.

Results: Among the 183 participants, the most prevalent lesions were varicose veins (43.20%), cheek/lip biting (34.97%), and coated tongue (33.33%). Among the oral potentially malignant disorders (16.39%) were oral lichen planus (12.64%) and leukoplakia (3.33%). Tobacco was associated with melanotic pigmentation (OR 3.87, P = .001) and coated tongue (OR 5.90, P = .001). Longer intervals since the last check-up were associated with traumatic keratosis (OR 2.95, P = .031). Age and heavy smoking were found to have higher risk of developing an oral potentially malignant disorder (OR 1.04, P = .035, and OR 7.35, P = .028, respectively).

Conclusions: These data should be considered when organizing public health programs focused on the detection and screening of heavy smokers. It is also important to strengthen the oral pathology units in universities as reference centers for students to acquire the necessary knowledge for their diagnosis and treatment, while simultaneously promoting awareness of this risk factor for oral precancer among the general population.

Objectives: Autoimmune activation by COVID-19 infection/vaccination has been postulated to be responsible for initiating or reactivating multiple types of oral mucosal immune disorders. These include: oral lichen planus; oral pemphigoid; either bullous pemphigoid or mucous membrane pemphigoid with oral involvement; pemphigus vulgaris with oral involvement; and Sjögren disease. In addition, chronic conditions such as oral burning, xerostomia, or changes in taste and/or smell have also been linked to COVID-19 infection/vaccination.

Data sources: Part 1 (mucosal conditions): an English-language literature review of Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase was performed searching cases of oral lichen planus, oral bullous pemphigoid, mucous membrane pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, and COVID-19 infection/vaccination, with additional cases from the authors' clinical practice presented. Part 2 (nonmucosal conditions): Cases of initiated or flared Sjögren disease, chronic oral burning, or xerostomia after COVID-19 infection/vaccination from the authors' clinical practice were aggregated.

Results: The literature review discovered 29 cases of oral lichen planus following COVID-19 infection/vaccination. For bullous pemphigoid, 10 cases were identified after infection/vaccination. The number of pemphigus vulgaris cases following infection/vaccination was 28. The majority of mucosal cases were reported after vaccination. Most reported initial disease, but a substantial amount included recurrences of existing diseases. Nonmucosal disease: Sjögren disease, chronic oral burning, or xerostomia after COVID-19 infection/vaccination cases totaled 12 cases identified from the authors' clinical practice, with the majority occurring after infection.

Conclusions: Chronic conditions after infection with COVID-19 or vaccination remain relatively rare and self-limited, yet reinforce the importance of comprehensive history taking involving COVID-19 to differentiate potential etiologic factors for these conditions.