Pub Date : 2026-01-02DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109917
Yanfei Fang , Peiyan Cheng , Xiangrong Li , Tingping Lei , Shaogan Ye
In water-lubricated conditions, surface modification techniques that enhance the formation of water-lubricating films through surface treatment play a significant role. This paper proposes a method of applying a modified epoxy resin coating on stainless steel to improve its tribological performance under water lubrication. First, nano-MoS₂-PEG6000 fillers were prepared via a hydrothermal method. They were uniformly mixed into the epoxy resin and coated onto the surfaces of stainless steel and slipper pairs. Tribological experiments were conducted using a slipper-on-disk configuration, followed by characterization. Experimental results demonstrate that the nano-MoS₂-PEG6000 modified epoxy resin coating exhibits excellent water-lubrication properties, with the friction coefficient reduced by 66.4 % and the wear rate decreased by 99.2 %. The mechanism was revealed: MoS₂ reduces the shear force between rough peak contacts, while PEG6000 possesses strong hydration capacity, forming a stable water-lubricating film on the surface, thereby reducing friction. This study provides a novel approach for the tribological design of slipper pairs in water hydraulic pumps.
{"title":"Enhancing water-lubricated tribological performance of stainless steel with nano-MoS₂-PEG6000 modified epoxy resin coatings","authors":"Yanfei Fang , Peiyan Cheng , Xiangrong Li , Tingping Lei , Shaogan Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In water-lubricated conditions, surface modification techniques that enhance the formation of water-lubricating films through surface treatment play a significant role. This paper proposes a method of applying a modified epoxy resin coating on stainless steel to improve its tribological performance under water lubrication. First, nano-MoS₂-PEG6000 fillers were prepared via a hydrothermal method. They were uniformly mixed into the epoxy resin and coated onto the surfaces of stainless steel and slipper pairs. Tribological experiments were conducted using a slipper-on-disk configuration, followed by characterization. Experimental results demonstrate that the nano-MoS₂-PEG6000 modified epoxy resin coating exhibits excellent water-lubrication properties, with the friction coefficient reduced by 66.4 % and the wear rate decreased by 99.2 %. The mechanism was revealed: MoS₂ reduces the shear force between rough peak contacts, while PEG6000 possesses strong hydration capacity, forming a stable water-lubricating film on the surface, thereby reducing friction. This study provides a novel approach for the tribological design of slipper pairs in water hydraulic pumps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109917"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109912
Qin Huang , Yaofeng Chen , Chenyu Jia , Kaijun Yang , Hailong Wang , Jinpeng Zhu
The accumulation of ice and frost in cold environments severely disrupts the normal operation of equipment, making it essential to develop functional surfaces that can delay ice/frost formation and enable rapid removal. Unlike traditional superhydrophobic coatings that rely solely on passive ice delay, this study proposes a novel design integrating both passive ice-delay and active photothermal deicing functionalities. The strategy involves incorporating fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotube (f-MWCNTs) into an epoxy (EP) matrix to form a hierarchical rough structure while exploiting their strong light absorption capability to impart photothermal responsiveness. The results indicate that after optimizing the filler-to-resin ratio, the coating achieved a water contact angle (WCA) of 156°, a water sliding angle (WSA) of 3.5°, and a light absorption rate of up to 97.49 %, demonstrating both excellent superhydrophobicity and high light absorption properties; at −10 °C, the icing delay time is extended by more than four times compared to the substrate, which is primarily attributed to the air layers within the rough structure effectively retarding heat transfer. At room temperature, the surface temperature increased by 30 °C within 300 s under 1.0 sun irradiation, while under −10 °C, the same irradiation achieved complete ice removal within 6 min, attributable to the exceptional photothermal conversion efficiency of MWCNTs. Moreover, the coating maintained its superhydrophobicity after water impact, sand impact, and tape-peeling tests, demonstrating good mechanical durability, which is primarily attributed to the robust cross-linked network formed between the f-MWCNTs and EP. Overall, the coating provides a promising strategy for anti-icing applications in power transmission, aerospace, and wind energy systems.
{"title":"Epoxy resin/fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotube composite photothermal superhydrophobic coatings for anti-icing applications","authors":"Qin Huang , Yaofeng Chen , Chenyu Jia , Kaijun Yang , Hailong Wang , Jinpeng Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accumulation of ice and frost in cold environments severely disrupts the normal operation of equipment, making it essential to develop functional surfaces that can delay ice/frost formation and enable rapid removal. Unlike traditional superhydrophobic coatings that rely solely on passive ice delay, this study proposes a novel design integrating both passive ice-delay and active photothermal deicing functionalities. The strategy involves incorporating fluorinated multi-walled carbon nanotube (f-MWCNTs) into an epoxy (EP) matrix to form a hierarchical rough structure while exploiting their strong light absorption capability to impart photothermal responsiveness. The results indicate that after optimizing the filler-to-resin ratio, the coating achieved a water contact angle (WCA) of 156°, a water sliding angle (WSA) of 3.5°, and a light absorption rate of up to 97.49 %, demonstrating both excellent superhydrophobicity and high light absorption properties; at −10 °C, the icing delay time is extended by more than four times compared to the substrate, which is primarily attributed to the air layers within the rough structure effectively retarding heat transfer. At room temperature, the surface temperature increased by 30 °C within 300 s under 1.0 sun irradiation, while under −10 °C, the same irradiation achieved complete ice removal within 6 min, attributable to the exceptional photothermal conversion efficiency of MWCNTs. Moreover, the coating maintained its superhydrophobicity after water impact, sand impact, and tape-peeling tests, demonstrating good mechanical durability, which is primarily attributed to the robust cross-linked network formed between the f-MWCNTs and EP. Overall, the coating provides a promising strategy for anti-icing applications in power transmission, aerospace, and wind energy systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109912"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109876
Md. Bakey Billa , Touhidul Alam , Mohamad A. Alawad , Abdulmajeed M. Alenezie , Mohammad Tariqul Islam
The rapid evolution of stealth technology and electromagnetic interference (EMI) suppression systems demands radar absorbers that combine lightweight flexibility with high absorption precision in the X-band frequency range. While broadband absorbers target wide coverage, narrowband metamaterial absorbers with near-perfect absorption are increasingly essential for targeted radar cross-section reduction, satellite communication shielding, and defence surveillance. However, conventional absorbers still face challenges such as imperfect impedance matching, high reflection losses, and complex fabrication methods, limiting their use in advanced electromagnetic platforms. In this study, a graphene nanoparticle-embedded metamaterial absorber is designed, fabricated, and evaluated for high-efficiency absorption at 8.2 GHz. The graphene oxide-polyvinyl alcohol (GO-PVA) substrate is prepared using a 1:5 ratio of graphene nano powder and PVA with distilled water, forming a uniform, flexible dielectric film with a dielectric constant (εᵣ) = 6.154 and loss tangent (tan δ) = 0.00245 over the 8–10 GHz range. A hybrid square-ring copper resonator (thickness = 0.0035 mm) is manually patterned onto the GO-PVA substrate (1.8 mm thick) with a full copper ground plane. The structure was modelled in CST Microwave Studio, applying periodic and Floquet boundary conditions to simulate infinite periodicity. Simulation results revealed a reflection coefficient (S11) of ‐34.8 dB at 8.2 GHz, corresponding to 99.98 % absorption, attributed to near-perfect impedance matching and the anti-phase reflection mechanism typical of chessboard meta surfaces. The retrieved parameters confirmed negative permittivity and permeability, with positive refractive index and impedance, validating the metamaterial behaviour. Experimental validation using an Agilent PNA-L Vector Network Analyzer, N4697 coaxial cables, and A-INFOMW waveguides showed excellent agreement with simulation, reproducing the same 8.2 GHz resonance. The proposed absorber demonstrates exceptional electromagnetic wave attenuation which offering a cost-effective and high-precision solution for X-band radar stealth, defence tracking, and satellite communication applications.
{"title":"Development and performance evaluation of graphene oxide nanoparticle-embedded metamaterial for X-band radar absorber applications","authors":"Md. Bakey Billa , Touhidul Alam , Mohamad A. Alawad , Abdulmajeed M. Alenezie , Mohammad Tariqul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid evolution of stealth technology and electromagnetic interference (EMI) suppression systems demands radar absorbers that combine lightweight flexibility with high absorption precision in the X-band frequency range. While broadband absorbers target wide coverage, narrowband metamaterial absorbers with near-perfect absorption are increasingly essential for targeted radar cross-section reduction, satellite communication shielding, and defence surveillance. However, conventional absorbers still face challenges such as imperfect impedance matching, high reflection losses, and complex fabrication methods, limiting their use in advanced electromagnetic platforms. In this study, a graphene nanoparticle-embedded metamaterial absorber is designed, fabricated, and evaluated for high-efficiency absorption at 8.2 GHz. The graphene oxide-polyvinyl alcohol (GO-PVA) substrate is prepared using a 1:5 ratio of graphene nano powder and PVA with distilled water, forming a uniform, flexible dielectric film with a dielectric constant (εᵣ) = 6.154 and loss tangent (tan δ) = 0.00245 over the 8–10 GHz range. A hybrid square-ring copper resonator (thickness = 0.0035 mm) is manually patterned onto the GO-PVA substrate (1.8 mm thick) with a full copper ground plane. The structure was modelled in CST Microwave Studio, applying periodic and Floquet boundary conditions to simulate infinite periodicity. Simulation results revealed a reflection coefficient (S<sub>11</sub>) of ‐34.8 dB at 8.2 GHz, corresponding to 99.98 % absorption, attributed to near-perfect impedance matching and the anti-phase reflection mechanism typical of chessboard meta surfaces. The retrieved parameters confirmed negative permittivity and permeability, with positive refractive index and impedance, validating the metamaterial behaviour. Experimental validation using an Agilent PNA-L Vector Network Analyzer, N4697 coaxial cables, and A-INFOMW waveguides showed excellent agreement with simulation, reproducing the same 8.2 GHz resonance. The proposed absorber demonstrates exceptional electromagnetic wave attenuation which offering a cost-effective and high-precision solution for X-band radar stealth, defence tracking, and satellite communication applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109876"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109915
Shan-Wei Hou , Jui-Jen Chang , Li-Ying Lin , Uyen Khanh Pham , Thi Thu Ha Do , Cheng-Kang Lee , Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao
Persistent biofilms on medical device surfaces account for up to 80 % of chronic clinical infections, posing a major challenge to infection control and patient safety. To overcome this limitation, a zwitterionic polymer–PEGDGE-TAU-CCDP (PTC), was synthesized using polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE), taurine (TAU), and 2-chloro-3′,4′-dihydroxyacetophenone (CCDP). The incorporation of catechol functionalities enabled the polymer with redox activity under aerobic and ion-rich environments, a property previously associated with antibacterial behavior in catechol-based systems. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy confirmed the successful synthesis and catechol incorporation. Quantitative analysis revealed a CCDP grafting efficiency of approximately 29 %. Notably, the addition of ε-Polylysine (EPL) enhanced coating adhesion to various substrates without compromising the intrinsic antibacterial activity of the material. Bacterial growth curves, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays demonstrated that EPL/PTC had an MIC of 0.31 mg/mL and an MBC of 1.25 mg/mL. Furthermore, the EPL/PTC-coated silicone rubber exhibited approximately 85 % biofilm inhibition and 76 % antifouling efficiency. By combining antifouling and antibacterial properties within a single system, this strategy achieves multifunctional performance that is rarely observed in conventional surface treatments. These findings highlight EPL/PTC as a promising candidate for reducing surface fouling and infection risks, thereby supporting its potential application in developing safer biomedical device materials.
{"title":"Catechol-based zwitterionic polymers with antibacterial and antifouling properties for biomedical surface coatings","authors":"Shan-Wei Hou , Jui-Jen Chang , Li-Ying Lin , Uyen Khanh Pham , Thi Thu Ha Do , Cheng-Kang Lee , Wesley Wei-Wen Hsiao","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Persistent biofilms on medical device surfaces account for up to 80 % of chronic clinical infections, posing a major challenge to infection control and patient safety. To overcome this limitation, a zwitterionic polymer–PEGDGE-TAU-CCDP (PTC), was synthesized using polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE), taurine (TAU), and 2-chloro-3′,4′-dihydroxyacetophenone (CCDP). The incorporation of catechol functionalities enabled the polymer with redox activity under aerobic and ion-rich environments, a property previously associated with antibacterial behavior in catechol-based systems. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (<sup>1</sup>H NMR) spectroscopy confirmed the successful synthesis and catechol incorporation. Quantitative analysis revealed a CCDP grafting efficiency of approximately 29 %. Notably, the addition of ε-Polylysine (EPL) enhanced coating adhesion to various substrates without compromising the intrinsic antibacterial activity of the material. Bacterial growth curves, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays demonstrated that EPL/PTC had an MIC of 0.31 mg/mL and an MBC of 1.25 mg/mL. Furthermore, the EPL/PTC-coated silicone rubber exhibited approximately 85 % biofilm inhibition and 76 % antifouling efficiency. By combining antifouling and antibacterial properties within a single system, this strategy achieves multifunctional performance that is rarely observed in conventional surface treatments. These findings highlight EPL/PTC as a promising candidate for reducing surface fouling and infection risks, thereby supporting its potential application in developing safer biomedical device materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109915"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109907
Lishi Wei , Yushan Zou , Shihao Wang , Shanshan Song , Jinhong Li , Yachong Zhu , Kunlin Li , Yongming Song
Passive radiative cooling (PRC) technology offers a sustainable cooling approach for buildings without energy consumption. However, traditional polymer-based PRC materials are limited by environmentally harmful preparation techniques, poor substrate compatibility, and low recyclability. To address these challenges, this study innovatively presents an ethyl cellulose (EC)-based PRC coating prepared via an eco-friendly non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method. Owing to the hierarchical micro-nano porous structure and strong molecular vibrations, the coating demonstrates an ultrahigh solar reflectance of 0.96 and a mid-infrared emissivity of 0.96, resulting in a notable cooling effect of 8.3 °C. Importantly, the coating exhibits excellent compatibility with diverse building substrates, including wood, glass, textiles, plastics, metals, and tiles, enabling broad application across various architectural components. Moreover, the coating can be recycled using a simple ethanol/water solvent system, while maintaining its cooling performance even after multiple recycling cycles. This study provides a promising strategy for addressing the limitations of traditional polymer-based PRC materials and facilitates the development of energy-efficient buildings.
{"title":"Eco-friendly, compatible, and recyclable all-cellulose-based radiative cooling coating for building energy savings","authors":"Lishi Wei , Yushan Zou , Shihao Wang , Shanshan Song , Jinhong Li , Yachong Zhu , Kunlin Li , Yongming Song","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Passive radiative cooling (PRC) technology offers a sustainable cooling approach for buildings without energy consumption. However, traditional polymer-based PRC materials are limited by environmentally harmful preparation techniques, poor substrate compatibility, and low recyclability. To address these challenges, this study innovatively presents an ethyl cellulose (EC)-based PRC coating prepared via an eco-friendly non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method. Owing to the hierarchical micro-nano porous structure and strong molecular vibrations, the coating demonstrates an ultrahigh solar reflectance of 0.96 and a mid-infrared emissivity of 0.96, resulting in a notable cooling effect of 8.3 °C. Importantly, the coating exhibits excellent compatibility with diverse building substrates, including wood, glass, textiles, plastics, metals, and tiles, enabling broad application across various architectural components. Moreover, the coating can be recycled using a simple ethanol/water solvent system, while maintaining its cooling performance even after multiple recycling cycles. This study provides a promising strategy for addressing the limitations of traditional polymer-based PRC materials and facilitates the development of energy-efficient buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109907"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109933
Tran Quang Linh , Kiok Kwon , Seunghan Shin
Bio-based acrylate tackifiers with high optical clarity were developed through a simple one-step free-radical polymerization of 2-octyl acrylate (2-OA) and isobornyl acrylate (IBOA), offering a sustainable and optically superior alternative to conventional rosin ester resins. Critically, this synthesis avoids the complex multi-step esterification and hydrogenation typically required for rosin-based tackifiers, adopting instead a simple, one-step chain-transfer-agent-controlled strategy. This strategy enables precise molecular-weight tuning (Mn = 5.0–11.0 kDa) for the systematic optimization of optical and adhesive performance. The optimized 6.6 kDa oligomer yielded films with >99 % transmittance, haze <0.2 %, and YI < 0.1, while maintaining a bio‑carbon content of 70.8 %. When incorporated into a bio-acrylate PSA, it exhibited a ~ 70 % enhancement in peel strength and improved loop tack, attributed to a clear mechanism of enhanced surface wetting and an optimized viscoelastic profile. Compared to conventional rosin ester tackifiers, this acrylate oligomer provides superior optical clarity, strong adhesion reinforcement, and a significantly simplified metal-free processing route. This work establishes a scalable platform for next-generation, bio-based optically clear adhesive coatings.
{"title":"Sustainable bio-acrylate oligomeric tackifier: A molecular-weight-controlled approach for high-performance optically clear adhesive films","authors":"Tran Quang Linh , Kiok Kwon , Seunghan Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bio-based acrylate tackifiers with high optical clarity were developed through a simple one-step free-radical polymerization of 2-octyl acrylate (2-OA) and isobornyl acrylate (IBOA), offering a sustainable and optically superior alternative to conventional rosin ester resins. Critically, this synthesis avoids the complex multi-step esterification and hydrogenation typically required for rosin-based tackifiers, adopting instead a simple, one-step chain-transfer-agent-controlled strategy. This strategy enables precise molecular-weight tuning (<em>M</em><sub><em>n</em></sub> = 5.0–11.0 kDa) for the systematic optimization of optical and adhesive performance. The optimized 6.6 kDa oligomer yielded films with >99 % transmittance, haze <0.2 %, and YI < 0.1, while maintaining a bio‑carbon content of 70.8 %. When incorporated into a bio-acrylate PSA, it exhibited a ~ 70 % enhancement in peel strength and improved loop tack, attributed to a clear mechanism of enhanced surface wetting and an optimized viscoelastic profile. Compared to conventional rosin ester tackifiers, this acrylate oligomer provides superior optical clarity, strong adhesion reinforcement, and a significantly simplified metal-free processing route. This work establishes a scalable platform for next-generation, bio-based optically clear adhesive coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109933"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109910
Ziyi Yang , Song Guo , Xiaoyan Pang , Yanan Wang
This study investigates the functionalization of mycelium fragments (MFs) through NaOH hydrolysis into hydrolyzed mycelium fragments (HMFs) for use as effective reinforcements in waterborne polyurethane (WPU) composites. MFs and HMFs were incorporated into a WPU matrix, synthesized via a two-step prepolymer method using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), at weight ratios from 0.1 % to 1.1 % during in-situ emulsification. Physicochemical analyses confirmed that NaOH treatment effectively modified MFs. This modification resulted in reduced particle size, increased surface roughness, and selective removal of proteins and soluble polysaccharides. Notably, a significant increase in surface amino groups occurred due to chitin deacetylation. Consequently, composite films incorporating HMFs exhibited markedly superior performance. Specifically, HMFs significantly improved tensile strength (reaching maximum 0.3 wt% HMFs), breaking elongation (peaking at 0.5 wt% HMFs), wear resistance, antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans, and flame retardancy. These property enhancements, including superior moisture management (water vapor transmission and absorption), were primarily attributed to the improved interfacial adhesion and compatibility between the functionalized HMFs and the WPU matrix, facilitated by stronger hydrogen bonding. This work demonstrates alkaline hydrolysis as an effective strategy to develop high-performance, multifunctional mycelium-based bio-fillers for WPU composites.
{"title":"Multifunctional mycelial fragments: Enhancing mechanical strength, water vapor transmission, flame retardancy, and antibacterial properties of waterborne polyurethane coatings","authors":"Ziyi Yang , Song Guo , Xiaoyan Pang , Yanan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the functionalization of mycelium fragments (MFs) through NaOH hydrolysis into hydrolyzed mycelium fragments (HMFs) for use as effective reinforcements in waterborne polyurethane (WPU) composites. MFs and HMFs were incorporated into a WPU matrix, synthesized via a two-step prepolymer method using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), at weight ratios from 0.1 % to 1.1 % during in-situ emulsification. Physicochemical analyses confirmed that NaOH treatment effectively modified MFs. This modification resulted in reduced particle size, increased surface roughness, and selective removal of proteins and soluble polysaccharides. Notably, a significant increase in surface amino groups occurred due to chitin deacetylation. Consequently, composite films incorporating HMFs exhibited markedly superior performance. Specifically, HMFs significantly improved tensile strength (reaching maximum 0.3 wt% HMFs), breaking elongation (peaking at 0.5 wt% HMFs), wear resistance, antibacterial efficacy against <em>S. aureus</em>, <em>E. coli</em>, and <em>C. albicans</em>, and flame retardancy. These property enhancements, including superior moisture management (water vapor transmission and absorption), were primarily attributed to the improved interfacial adhesion and compatibility between the functionalized HMFs and the WPU matrix, facilitated by stronger hydrogen bonding. This work demonstrates alkaline hydrolysis as an effective strategy to develop high-performance, multifunctional mycelium-based bio-fillers for WPU composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109910"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109922
Shenghua Xue , Shihan Wu , Shuo Yang , Shujuan Liu , Qian Ye , Feng Zhou
Biofouling at material interfaces undermines optical clarity, increases energy consumption, and accelerates device failure in marine, biomedical, and industrial contexts. Herein, we present the fabrication and antifouling performance of poly(vinylbenzyl–DABCO propane sulfonate) (PVBSB) zwitterionic polymer–functionalized coatings. A silica-sol underlayer was first deposited on glass, followed by the co-deposition of polydopamine (PDA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) to form a robust precursor film enriched with anchoring sites for subsequent polymer grafting. Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), in a grafting-from approach, was then employed to directly grow PVBSB polymer brushes from the glass surface, yielding the Glass-PVBSB coating. The resulting surface demonstrated exceptional antifouling performance, with antibacterial rates exceeding 99 % against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and anti-adhesion removal efficiencies of 87.5 % and 96.9 % against Navicula and Dunaliella, respectively, while maintaining optical transmittance above 90 % across the visible spectrum.
{"title":"Fabrication of zwitterionic polymer brushes on transparent substrates via surface-initiated polymerization for antifouling applications","authors":"Shenghua Xue , Shihan Wu , Shuo Yang , Shujuan Liu , Qian Ye , Feng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofouling at material interfaces undermines optical clarity, increases energy consumption, and accelerates device failure in marine, biomedical, and industrial contexts. Herein, we present the fabrication and antifouling performance of poly(vinylbenzyl–DABCO propane sulfonate) (PVBSB) zwitterionic polymer–functionalized coatings. A silica-sol underlayer was first deposited on glass, followed by the <em>co</em>-deposition of polydopamine (PDA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) to form a robust precursor film enriched with anchoring sites for subsequent polymer grafting. Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), in a grafting-from approach, was then employed to directly grow PVBSB polymer brushes from the glass surface, yielding the Glass-PVBSB coating. The resulting surface demonstrated exceptional antifouling performance, with antibacterial rates exceeding 99 % against <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and anti-adhesion removal efficiencies of 87.5 % and 96.9 % against <em>Navicula</em> and <em>Dunaliella</em>, respectively, while maintaining optical transmittance above 90 % across the visible spectrum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109922"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Epoxy resin (EP) coating is widely used in the construction field due to its excellent performance. Microcapsules are prepared by self-assembly of TiO2 on the surface of azodicarbonamide (ADC) to enhance the flame-retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin, and to address the ultraviolet failure of azodicarbonamide in practical applications. By adding 5 wt% of azodicarbonamide microcapsules to the epoxy resin, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the composite EP was increased from 20 % to 31 % compared with the pure EP, reaching the level of flame-retardant material. Through cone calorimeter test (CCT), the total heat release (THR), peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) of composite EP were reduced by 62.09 %, 54.88 % and 46.98 %, respectively, and the epoxy resin was equipped with a very good charring effect, which improved the flame retardancy. In addition, SEM images showed that the ADC was successfully coated by TiO2, which avoided the ADC from being exposed to UV leading to failure and enhanced its effectiveness in practical applications.
{"title":"Preparation of light-resistant and flame-retardant microcapsule and its application to enhance the flame retardancy of epoxy resin","authors":"Zhengang Gao, Yuxin Zhang, Yutong Yang, Jiayi Han, Jiaji Cheng, Yapeng Wang, Shaoxiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epoxy resin (EP) coating is widely used in the construction field due to its excellent performance. Microcapsules are prepared by self-assembly of TiO<sub>2</sub> on the surface of azodicarbonamide (ADC) to enhance the flame-retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin, and to address the ultraviolet failure of azodicarbonamide in practical applications. By adding 5 wt% of azodicarbonamide microcapsules to the epoxy resin, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the composite EP was increased from 20 % to 31 % compared with the pure EP, reaching the level of flame-retardant material. Through cone calorimeter test (CCT), the total heat release (THR), peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) of composite EP were reduced by 62.09 %, 54.88 % and 46.98 %, respectively, and the epoxy resin was equipped with a very good charring effect, which improved the flame retardancy. In addition, SEM images showed that the ADC was successfully coated by TiO<sub>2</sub>, which avoided the ADC from being exposed to UV leading to failure and enhanced its effectiveness in practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109935"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109918
Wei Tian, Jiajia Deng, Jing Zheng, Zhongrong Zhou
Thermosetting elastomers hold significant application value in the coating field due to their exceptional water and heat resistance. However, their inherent low toughness and non-recyclability severely limit their application. Inspired by the mismatch mechanism of nucleic acid bases in regulating biomolecular conformational dynamics, this study innovatively integrates flexible aliphatic chain extenders (MD) with rigid aromatic chain extenders (PD) while incorporating a dynamic crosslinker—trimeric hexamethylene diisocyanate (triHDI)—to construct a supramolecular network system with gradient energy dissipation characteristics. By precisely modulating the MD/PD molar ratio, the system forms a hexuple hydrogen bond network with differentiated binding energies, achieving a hierarchical energy dissipation mechanism under stress. The optimized PU-M2P1 (with an MD/PD molar ratio of 2:1) demonstrates outstanding comprehensive performance: a tensile strength of 63 MPa, elongation at break of 1478 %, toughness of 394 MJ/m3, and the ability to bear loads exceeding 20,000 times its own weight. The coating demonstrates an initial shear strength of 6.8 MPa on steel, and exhibits excellent water and heat resistance: the strength remains stable after 24-h water immersion and retains 4.3 MPa at 85 °C. Notably, owing to the dynamic hydrogen bonds and triHDI-derived reversible urea networks, PU-M2P1 exhibits excellent recyclability, retaining 95 % of its initial shear strength even after five dissolution-remolding cycles. This research not only provides an innovative solution to overcome the limitations of thermosetting materials in terms of toughness and recyclability but also establishes a theoretical foundation for developing next-generation high-performance sustainable coatings.
{"title":"A thermosetting elastomer coating induced by imperfect matching with high toughness, high adhesion strength, and recyclability","authors":"Wei Tian, Jiajia Deng, Jing Zheng, Zhongrong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.porgcoat.2025.109918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermosetting elastomers hold significant application value in the coating field due to their exceptional water and heat resistance. However, their inherent low toughness and non-recyclability severely limit their application. Inspired by the mismatch mechanism of nucleic acid bases in regulating biomolecular conformational dynamics, this study innovatively integrates flexible aliphatic chain extenders (MD) with rigid aromatic chain extenders (PD) while incorporating a dynamic crosslinker—trimeric hexamethylene diisocyanate (triHDI)—to construct a supramolecular network system with gradient energy dissipation characteristics. By precisely modulating the MD/PD molar ratio, the system forms a hexuple hydrogen bond network with differentiated binding energies, achieving a hierarchical energy dissipation mechanism under stress. The optimized PU-M2P1 (with an MD/PD molar ratio of 2:1) demonstrates outstanding comprehensive performance: a tensile strength of 63 MPa, elongation at break of 1478 %, toughness of 394 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>, and the ability to bear loads exceeding 20,000 times its own weight. The coating demonstrates an initial shear strength of 6.8 MPa on steel, and exhibits excellent water and heat resistance: the strength remains stable after 24-h water immersion and retains 4.3 MPa at 85 °C. Notably, owing to the dynamic hydrogen bonds and triHDI-derived reversible urea networks, PU-M2P1 exhibits excellent recyclability, retaining 95 % of its initial shear strength even after five dissolution-remolding cycles. This research not only provides an innovative solution to overcome the limitations of thermosetting materials in terms of toughness and recyclability but also establishes a theoretical foundation for developing next-generation high-performance sustainable coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20834,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Organic Coatings","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109918"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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