Radiologia Brasileira最新文献

The dengue virus, a member of the family Flaviviridae, is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and causes a viral disease known as dengue fever that is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. It is estimated that there are 100-400 million new infections every year, with underreporting due to limited surveillance systems. The presentation ranges from asymptomatic to dengue shock syndrome. Brazil is now facing an endemic of dengue, having seen a significant seasonal increase of over 4.5 million in the number of probable cases reported. Imaging exams such as ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are crucial for detecting complications of dengue, aiding in the clinical management and differential diagnosis, especially in severe cases. The aim of this study was to illustrate the radiological findings of dengue, focusing on emergency and critical care settings.

Objective: To characterize the ultrasonographic findings in female inmates in a prison unit in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, and to analyze the associations between ultrasonographic findings and sociodemographic characteristics.

Materials and methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that analyzed the ultrasonographic examinations performed in consecutive female inmates in a prison unit in the city of São Paulo, between 2015 and 2020. The following ultrasound examinations were performed: soft tissue, thyroid, cervical, breast, transvaginal, pelvic gynecology, total abdomen, upper abdomen, and kidney/urinary tract in B-mode, with color Doppler, or both.

Results: The sample consisted of 478 women who underwent 1,274 ultrasound examinations. The mean age was 40.0 years (range, 22-73 years). Over half (58.2%) of the women were single, 50.2% were White, and 59.6% self-identified as heterosexual. An ultrasonographic finding of uterine myoma was associated with older age (p = 0.022), higher body mass index (p = 0.022), and being tattooed (p = 0.040). An ultrasonographic finding of simple ovarian cyst was associated with sexual orientation (p = 0.020), whereas a finding of adenomyosis were associated with older age (p = 0.012). An ultrasonographic finding of polycystic ovaries was associated with younger age (p < 0.001). The most common ultrasonographic findings were uterine myoma (in 13.6%), biliary lithiasis (in 13.4%), and renal lithiasis (in 11.5%).

Conclusion: The most common ultrasonographic findings in female inmates were uterine myoma, biliary lithiasis, and renal lithiasis.

Foreign bodies (FBs) can pose a diagnostic dilemma because a wide range of objects, comprising items incidentally detected or deliberately retained in the body, can be discovered on imaging investigations. Single or multiple FBs may be retained at different sites including the gastrointestinal tract, the genitourinary system, the respiratory tract, and the soft tissues, all of which warrant medical attention. More importantly, ensuing, serious complications related to harmful positioning of these objects can significantly hamper normal function of any involved organ system. Because various FBs may be detected throughout the body, it is important that radiologists are also familiar with a myriad of life-threatening complications associated with retained items, including impaction, obstruction, perforation, hemorrhage, embolization, chemical dissolution, poisoning, and sepsis. Imaging plays a key role in the detection, localization, and characterization of FBs. Radiologists need to describe in exhaustive detail suspected items with regard to the anatomical location, type, shape, and composition of the object under investigation. Clinicians can then predict whether the foreign object(s) will pass through the body uneventfully or need to be addressed in a surgical procedure.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and meaning of the vessel wall irregularities sign, observed on computed tomography angiography of the pulmonary arteries of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.

Materials and methods: This retrospective study of the computed tomography pulmonary angiography findings of 65 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 included 27 women and 38 men, with a median age of 52 years (range, 20-86 years). The diagnosis of COVID-19 was established through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

Results: The vessel wall irregularities sign was observed in 50 (76.9%) of the 65 patients with COVID-19. Among those 50 patients, the vascular involvement was predominantly mixed (arterial and venous) in 43 (86%), subsegmental in all 50 (100%), segmental in 13 (26%), bilateral in 46 (92%), affecting 4-5 lobes in 35 (70%), mainly in the right lower lobe in 46 (92%), and mainly in the left lower lobe in 44 (88%).

Conclusion: The vessel wall irregularities is a prevalent sign of vascular involvement in patients with COVID-19.

Objective: To evaluate three different measurements strategies to quantify hepatic steatosis and to investigate the differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous forms of hepatic steatosis.

Materials and methods: Retrospective study conducted by magnetic resonance imaging review. We evaluated three different strategies measures for quantification of hepatic steatosis in two matched groups: homogeneous and heterogeneous steatosis. We considered p < 0.05 significance level in all made tests.

Results: In heterogeneous steatosis group, the strategy with a region of interest (ROI) of 1 cm² to measure the signal intensity in the most altered area showed significant variations in the quantification, while the average of four ROIs of 1 cm² or representative target area in axial section did not vary significant. In diffuse hepatic steatosis, any strategy used showed no significant difference. The intraclass correlation coefficient ranged between 0.96 and 0.99, with 95% confidence interval of 0.93-0.99.

Conclusion: The quantification of fat liver by magnetic resonance imaging using only one ROI is less representative, especially in heterogeneous steatosis. There was no significant difference between the average of four ROIs strategy and the strategy of representative segmentation area of parenchyma.