Radiologia Brasileira最新文献

Objective: To conduct a survey on the use of the term "interstitial lung abnormalities" in radiology reports in Brazil, propose an appropriate Portuguese-language translation for the term, and provide a brief review of the literature on the topic.

Materials and methods: A survey was sent via electronic message to various radiologists in Brazil, asking about their familiarity with the term, which translation of the term they use in Portuguese, and whether they use the criteria proposed by the Fleischner Society.

Results: A total of 163 responses were received, from all regions of Brazil. Although the vast majority (88%) of the respondents stated that they were familiar with the term "interstitial lung abnormalities", there was considerable variation regarding the equivalent term they used in Portuguese.

Conclusion: We suggest that the term "anormalidades pulmonares intersticiais" be used in order to standardize radiology reports and disseminate knowledge of these findings in Brazil.

Objective: To compare information on highly complex radiological procedures-computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-between the public and private health care systems, across the five regions of Brazil, in terms of the numbers of radiological devices and examinations performed, between 2015 and 2021.

Materials and methods: This was a descriptive time series analysis of secondary data in the public domain, available from the Information Technology Department of the Brazilian Unified Health Care System, an entity of the Brazilian National Ministry of Health (NMH) that is responsible for collecting and storing health-related information in Brazil. The analysis included the numbers of CT and MRI scanners; the volumes and types of examinations; the type of institution (public or private); the regions of the country; and the years (2015 to 2021).

Results: Progressive increases in the numbers of CT and MRI devices, as well as in the volumes of examinations, were observed over the years in all regions of the country. The private sector showed higher rates of equipment acquisition and of growth in the number of examinations. However, the public health care system did not reach the equipment targets set by the NMH, whereas the private health care system surpassed those targets. A greater number of examinations were performed in the private sector than in the public sector.

Conclusion: During the period evaluated, the public health care system did not meet the equipment or examination targets recommended by the NMH, in any of the regions of the country, unlike the private health care system, which exceeded both in all of the regions.

Objective: To evaluate the indications for and results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations for breast cancer screening at a cancer center in Brazil.

Materials and methods: This was a retrospective observational study, based on electronic medical records, of patients undergoing MRI for breast cancer screening at a cancer center in Brazil.

Results: We included 597 patients between 19 and 82 years of age. The main indications for MRI screening were a personal history of breast cancer, in 354 patients (59.3%), a family history of breast cancer, in 102 (17.1%), and a confirmed genetic mutation, in 67 (11.2%). The MRI result was classified, in accordance with the categories defined in the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System, as benign (category 1 or 2), in 425 patients (71.2%), probably benign (category 3), in 143 (24.0%), or suspicious (category 4 or 5), in 29 (4.9%). On MRI, 11 malignant tumors were identified, all of which were invasive carcinomas. Among those 11 carcinomas, six (54.5%) were categorized as minimal cancers (< 1 cm), and the axillary lymph nodes were negative in 10 (90.9%). The cancer detection rate was 18.4/1,000 examinations, and the positive predictive value for suspicious lesions submitted to biopsy was 37.9%.

Conclusion: In our sample, the main indication for breast MRI screening was a personal history of breast cancer. The results indicate that MRI is a highly accurate method for the early detection of breast neoplasms in this population.

Objective: To test the performance of ChatGPT on radiology questions formulated by the Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia (CBR, Brazilian College of Radiology), evaluating its failures and successes.

Materials and methods: 165 questions from the CBR annual resident assessment (2018, 2019, and 2022) were presented to ChatGPT. For statistical analysis, the questions were divided by the type of cognitive skills assessed (lower or higher order), by topic (physics or clinical), by subspecialty, by style (description of a clinical finding or sign, clinical management of a case, application of a concept, calculation/classification of findings, correlations between diseases, or anatomy), and by target academic year (all, second/third year, or third year only).

Results: ChatGPT answered 88 (53.3%) of the questions correctly. It performed significantly better on the questions assessing lower-order cognitive skills than on those assessing higher-order cognitive skills, providing the correct answer on 38 (64.4%) of 59 questions and on only 50 (47.2%) of 106 questions, respectively (p = 0.01). The accuracy rate was significantly higher for physics questions than for clinical questions, correct answers being provided for 18 (90.0%) of 20 physics questions and for 70 (48.3%) of 145 clinical questions (p = 0.02). There was no significant difference in performance among the subspecialties or among the academic years (p > 0.05).

Conclusion: Even without dedicated training in this field, ChatGPT demonstrates reasonable performance, albeit still insufficient for approval, on radiology questions formulated by the CBR.