In oral contrast-enhanced CT colonography, patients are given barium- or iodine-containing solutions to drink to tag out remnants of stool and residual fluid in the colon. Frequently, residual fecal matter absorbs more tagging material and appears much brighter on CT images than surrounding opacified fluid. This may cause even advanced segmentation procedures, like fuzzy connectedness, to miss local regions of colonic lumen. This in turn leads to spurious deformations of the reconstructed colonic wall and impairs interpretation. We show that these problems may be avoided when the properly designed asymmetric affinities are used for segmenting air- and fluid-filled parts of the colon. After this improvement, the segmented volume does not contain holes of missed regions and resulting colonic surface is smooth and free from undesired distortion
{"title":"Asymmetric Affinity in Fuzzy Connectedness Segmentation for Oral Contrast-Enhances CT Colonography","authors":"M. Franaszek, R. Summers","doi":"10.1109/CBMS.2006.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS.2006.49","url":null,"abstract":"In oral contrast-enhanced CT colonography, patients are given barium- or iodine-containing solutions to drink to tag out remnants of stool and residual fluid in the colon. Frequently, residual fecal matter absorbs more tagging material and appears much brighter on CT images than surrounding opacified fluid. This may cause even advanced segmentation procedures, like fuzzy connectedness, to miss local regions of colonic lumen. This in turn leads to spurious deformations of the reconstructed colonic wall and impairs interpretation. We show that these problems may be avoided when the properly designed asymmetric affinities are used for segmenting air- and fluid-filled parts of the colon. After this improvement, the segmented volume does not contain holes of missed regions and resulting colonic surface is smooth and free from undesired distortion","PeriodicalId":208693,"journal":{"name":"19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS'06)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127731090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ronen Tal-Botzer, Nir Hadaya, Rachel S. Levy-Drummer, Ariel Feiglin, David H. Shalom, A. Neumann
Time series reconstruction algorithms are widely used to create temporal profiles from data series. However, in many clinical fields, e.g., viral kinetics, the data is noisy and sparse, making it difficult to use standard algorithms. We developed PROFILASE, which combines advanced multi-objective genetic algorithm search with machine learning architecture to harvest experts' decision-making considerations. Furthermore, PROFILASE implements additional scoring considerations, more biological in nature, thus further exploits domain expertise. We tested our system against a standard bottom-up algorithm by reconstruction of time series sparsely sampled with noise from simulated profiles. PROFILASE obtained RMS distance 2.5 fold lower (P<0.0001) than the standard algorithm, 93% correct identification rate of segment number and 88% correct profile classification rate (versus 68%). The additional considerations were found to have a significant effect on the success of reconstruction. Finally, PROFILASE was generalized to evaluate additional considerations from different fields, thus allowing better understanding of other diseases
{"title":"Biomathematics Oriented Machine Learning System for Reconstructing Temporal Profiles of Biological or Clinical Markers","authors":"Ronen Tal-Botzer, Nir Hadaya, Rachel S. Levy-Drummer, Ariel Feiglin, David H. Shalom, A. Neumann","doi":"10.1109/CBMS.2006.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS.2006.61","url":null,"abstract":"Time series reconstruction algorithms are widely used to create temporal profiles from data series. However, in many clinical fields, e.g., viral kinetics, the data is noisy and sparse, making it difficult to use standard algorithms. We developed PROFILASE, which combines advanced multi-objective genetic algorithm search with machine learning architecture to harvest experts' decision-making considerations. Furthermore, PROFILASE implements additional scoring considerations, more biological in nature, thus further exploits domain expertise. We tested our system against a standard bottom-up algorithm by reconstruction of time series sparsely sampled with noise from simulated profiles. PROFILASE obtained RMS distance 2.5 fold lower (P<0.0001) than the standard algorithm, 93% correct identification rate of segment number and 88% correct profile classification rate (versus 68%). The additional considerations were found to have a significant effect on the success of reconstruction. Finally, PROFILASE was generalized to evaluate additional considerations from different fields, thus allowing better understanding of other diseases","PeriodicalId":208693,"journal":{"name":"19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS'06)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125638438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Determining the number and location of disulfide bonds within a protein provide valuable insight into the protein's three-dimensional structure. Purely computational methods that predict the bonded cysteine pairings given a protein's primary structure have limitations in both prediction correctness and the number of bonds that can be predicted. Our approach utilizes tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) experimental procedures that produce spectra of protein fragments joined by a disulfide bond. This allows the limitations in correctness and scaling to be overcome. The algorithmic problem then becomes how to match a theoretical mass space of all possible bonded fragments against the MS/MS data. In our algorithm, which we call the indexed approach, the regions of the mass space that contain masses comparable to the MS/MS spectrum masses are located before the match is determined. We have developed a software package, MS2DB, which implements this approach. A performance study shows that the indexed approach determines disulfide bond linkage patterns both correctly and efficiently
{"title":"MS2DB: An Algorithmic Approach to Determine Disulfide Linkage Patterns","authors":"Timothy Lee, Rahul Singh, T. Yen, B. Macher","doi":"10.1109/CBMS.2006.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS.2006.119","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the number and location of disulfide bonds within a protein provide valuable insight into the protein's three-dimensional structure. Purely computational methods that predict the bonded cysteine pairings given a protein's primary structure have limitations in both prediction correctness and the number of bonds that can be predicted. Our approach utilizes tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) experimental procedures that produce spectra of protein fragments joined by a disulfide bond. This allows the limitations in correctness and scaling to be overcome. The algorithmic problem then becomes how to match a theoretical mass space of all possible bonded fragments against the MS/MS data. In our algorithm, which we call the indexed approach, the regions of the mass space that contain masses comparable to the MS/MS spectrum masses are located before the match is determined. We have developed a software package, MS2DB, which implements this approach. A performance study shows that the indexed approach determines disulfide bond linkage patterns both correctly and efficiently","PeriodicalId":208693,"journal":{"name":"19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS'06)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121723031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper compares the radial artery pulses of 105 young graduate students. The radial artery pulses after performing progressive ergometer for five minutes are different from those at rest. All the pulses become floating and fast. The contours of pulses have three kinds of variability. The incisures of 39 subjects become especially low; sometimes the incisures are lower than the onset of pulse waveform. The tidal waves and dicrotic waves of 32 subjects become higher. The pulses of 34 subjects become smooth. Their incisures and dicrotic waves become lower. These changes can instruct the exercise and training of the young students and athletes
{"title":"Pulse Contour Variability Before and After Exercise","authors":"Lisheng Xu, Kuanquan Wang, Lu Wang, Naimin Li","doi":"10.1109/CBMS.2006.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS.2006.136","url":null,"abstract":"This paper compares the radial artery pulses of 105 young graduate students. The radial artery pulses after performing progressive ergometer for five minutes are different from those at rest. All the pulses become floating and fast. The contours of pulses have three kinds of variability. The incisures of 39 subjects become especially low; sometimes the incisures are lower than the onset of pulse waveform. The tidal waves and dicrotic waves of 32 subjects become higher. The pulses of 34 subjects become smooth. Their incisures and dicrotic waves become lower. These changes can instruct the exercise and training of the young students and athletes","PeriodicalId":208693,"journal":{"name":"19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS'06)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132117789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energid is developing a realistic surgery simulator that delivers high fidelity visual and haptic feedback based on the physics of deformable objects. Modeling the interaction of surgical tools with soft biological tissue in real time poses challenges because the precise physical models of organs are not readily available, and the simulation of the behavior of tissue has a high computational burden. In this paper we present a realistic surgery simulation technique which includes novel algorithms for simulating surgical palpation and cutting. We implement a meshfree numerical technique for realistic surgery palpation simulation. Simulation of surgical cutting is one of the most challenging tasks in the development of a surgery simulator. Changes in topology during simulation render precomputed data unusable. Moreover, the process is nonlinear and the underlying physics is complex. We propose a hybrid approach to the simulation of surgical cutting procedures by combining a node snapping technique with a physically based meshfree computational scheme
{"title":"Soft Tissue Deformation and Cutting Simulation for the Multimodal Surgery Training","authors":"Y. Lim, John Hu, Chu-Yin Chang, N. Tardella","doi":"10.1109/CBMS.2006.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS.2006.145","url":null,"abstract":"Energid is developing a realistic surgery simulator that delivers high fidelity visual and haptic feedback based on the physics of deformable objects. Modeling the interaction of surgical tools with soft biological tissue in real time poses challenges because the precise physical models of organs are not readily available, and the simulation of the behavior of tissue has a high computational burden. In this paper we present a realistic surgery simulation technique which includes novel algorithms for simulating surgical palpation and cutting. We implement a meshfree numerical technique for realistic surgery palpation simulation. Simulation of surgical cutting is one of the most challenging tasks in the development of a surgery simulator. Changes in topology during simulation render precomputed data unusable. Moreover, the process is nonlinear and the underlying physics is complex. We propose a hybrid approach to the simulation of surgical cutting procedures by combining a node snapping technique with a physically based meshfree computational scheme","PeriodicalId":208693,"journal":{"name":"19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS'06)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133547759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jian Yao, Sameer Kiran Antani, L. Long, G. Thoma, Zhongfei Zhang
The demand for automatically annotating and retrieving medical images is growing faster than ever. In this paper, we present a novel medical image annotation method based on the proposed semantic error-correcting output codes (SECC). With this annotation method, we present a new semantic image retrieval method, which exploits the high level semantic similarity. For example, a user may query the system using an image of arm while he/she expects images of hand. This cannot be realized by traditional retrieval methods. The experimental results on the IMAGECLEF 2005 annotation data set clearly show the strength and the promise of the presented methods
{"title":"Automatic Medical Image Annotation and Retrieval Using SECC","authors":"Jian Yao, Sameer Kiran Antani, L. Long, G. Thoma, Zhongfei Zhang","doi":"10.1109/CBMS.2006.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS.2006.57","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for automatically annotating and retrieving medical images is growing faster than ever. In this paper, we present a novel medical image annotation method based on the proposed semantic error-correcting output codes (SECC). With this annotation method, we present a new semantic image retrieval method, which exploits the high level semantic similarity. For example, a user may query the system using an image of arm while he/she expects images of hand. This cannot be realized by traditional retrieval methods. The experimental results on the IMAGECLEF 2005 annotation data set clearly show the strength and the promise of the presented methods","PeriodicalId":208693,"journal":{"name":"19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS'06)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132760013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Virtue, T. Chaussalet, P. Millard, P. Whittlestone, J. Kelly
Hospital Accident and Emergency (A&E) departments in England have a 4 hour target to treat 98% of patients from arrival to discharge, admission or transfer. Managing resources to meet the target and deliver care across the range of A&E services is a huge challenge for A&E managers. This paper develops an intelligent patient management tool to help managers and clinicians better understand patient length of stay and resources within an A&E area. The developed discrete-event simulation model gives a highlevel representation of ambulance arrivals into A&E. The model facilitates analysis in the following ways: visually interactive software showing patient length of stay in the A&E area; patient activity broken down into sub-groups so that intelligence might be gathered on how sub-groups affect the overall length of stay; understanding the number of patient treatment places and nurse resources required. To support ease of inputs for scenario and sensitivity testing, data is entered into the simulation model (SimulS) via Excel spreadsheets. The model discussed in this paper used patient length of stay grouped by A&E diagnosis codes and was limited to ambulance arrivals. The analysis was derived from A&E attendance in 2004 from an English hospital
{"title":"A System for Patient Management Based Discrete-Event Simulation and Hierarchical Clustering","authors":"A. Virtue, T. Chaussalet, P. Millard, P. Whittlestone, J. Kelly","doi":"10.1109/CBMS.2006.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS.2006.31","url":null,"abstract":"Hospital Accident and Emergency (A&E) departments in England have a 4 hour target to treat 98% of patients from arrival to discharge, admission or transfer. Managing resources to meet the target and deliver care across the range of A&E services is a huge challenge for A&E managers. This paper develops an intelligent patient management tool to help managers and clinicians better understand patient length of stay and resources within an A&E area. The developed discrete-event simulation model gives a highlevel representation of ambulance arrivals into A&E. The model facilitates analysis in the following ways: visually interactive software showing patient length of stay in the A&E area; patient activity broken down into sub-groups so that intelligence might be gathered on how sub-groups affect the overall length of stay; understanding the number of patient treatment places and nurse resources required. To support ease of inputs for scenario and sensitivity testing, data is entered into the simulation model (SimulS) via Excel spreadsheets. The model discussed in this paper used patient length of stay grouped by A&E diagnosis codes and was limited to ambulance arrivals. The analysis was derived from A&E attendance in 2004 from an English hospital","PeriodicalId":208693,"journal":{"name":"19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS'06)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133117391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Fritzsche, A. V. Wangenheim, R. Dillmann, R. Unterhinninghofen
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major public health challenge as the median age of the industrialized world's population is increasing gradually. No cure for this disease has yet been found and the development of new treatments has become a topic of major research interest. This paper aims to propose a sequence of fully automated MRI-based image analysis steps to measure the development stage of atrophy in the brain. The results have been validated on a mixed group of 68 subjects by distinguishing between AD patients, MCIs and health controls using linear classifiers and ANNs. The best classifier identified unseen AD patients correctly in 80% of the cases and control subjects in 85%. Recognizing more than 8 out of 10 MCI subjects, the method also yields an early indication of AD. This simple yet powerful analysis can compete with other more time-consuming and semi-automatic methodologies. It could abet an AD diagnosis and provide a tool for measuring the success of therapies
{"title":"Automated MRI-Based Quantification of the Cerebral Atrophy Providing Diagnostic Information on Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease","authors":"K. Fritzsche, A. V. Wangenheim, R. Dillmann, R. Unterhinninghofen","doi":"10.1109/CBMS.2006.52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS.2006.52","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major public health challenge as the median age of the industrialized world's population is increasing gradually. No cure for this disease has yet been found and the development of new treatments has become a topic of major research interest. This paper aims to propose a sequence of fully automated MRI-based image analysis steps to measure the development stage of atrophy in the brain. The results have been validated on a mixed group of 68 subjects by distinguishing between AD patients, MCIs and health controls using linear classifiers and ANNs. The best classifier identified unseen AD patients correctly in 80% of the cases and control subjects in 85%. Recognizing more than 8 out of 10 MCI subjects, the method also yields an early indication of AD. This simple yet powerful analysis can compete with other more time-consuming and semi-automatic methodologies. It could abet an AD diagnosis and provide a tool for measuring the success of therapies","PeriodicalId":208693,"journal":{"name":"19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS'06)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134635620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ability to model and predict the progression of disease in a patient can have wide ranging benefits, including the ability to successfully manage bed allocation in hospitals or the increase understanding of the evolution of the disease. This paper describes a new method of modelling the progression of a disease through different stages called a Coxian hidden Markov model. This model can be used to increase understanding of the characteristics of the different stages of the disease and to predict patient survival time given repeated measurements of dynamically changing clinical variables. This knowledge could then be used to provide better patient management
{"title":"Intelligent Patient Management using Dynamic Models of Clinical Variables","authors":"A. Marshall, R. Donaghy","doi":"10.1109/CBMS.2006.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS.2006.101","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to model and predict the progression of disease in a patient can have wide ranging benefits, including the ability to successfully manage bed allocation in hospitals or the increase understanding of the evolution of the disease. This paper describes a new method of modelling the progression of a disease through different stages called a Coxian hidden Markov model. This model can be used to increase understanding of the characteristics of the different stages of the disease and to predict patient survival time given repeated measurements of dynamically changing clinical variables. This knowledge could then be used to provide better patient management","PeriodicalId":208693,"journal":{"name":"19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS'06)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115498678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ferreira, R. Correia, L. Antunes, Pedro Farinha, E. Oliveira-Palhares, D. Chadwick, A. Pereira
The electronic medical record (EMR) integrates heterogeneous information within a healthcare institution stressing the need for security and access control. The Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Department from Porto Faculty of Medicine has recently implemented a virtual EMR (VEMR) in order to integrate patient information and clinical reports within a university hospital. With more than 500 medical doctors using the system on a daily basis, an access control policy and model were implemented. However, the healthcare environment has unanticipated situations (i.e. emergency situations) where access to information is essential. Most traditional policies do not allow for overriding. A policy that allows for "Break-The-Glass (BTG)" was implemented in order to override access control whilst providing for non-repudiation mechanisms for its usage. The policy was easily integrated within the model confirming its modularity and the fact that user intervention in defining security procedures is crucial to its successful implementation and use
{"title":"How to Break Access Control in a Controlled Manner","authors":"A. Ferreira, R. Correia, L. Antunes, Pedro Farinha, E. Oliveira-Palhares, D. Chadwick, A. Pereira","doi":"10.1109/CBMS.2006.95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CBMS.2006.95","url":null,"abstract":"The electronic medical record (EMR) integrates heterogeneous information within a healthcare institution stressing the need for security and access control. The Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Department from Porto Faculty of Medicine has recently implemented a virtual EMR (VEMR) in order to integrate patient information and clinical reports within a university hospital. With more than 500 medical doctors using the system on a daily basis, an access control policy and model were implemented. However, the healthcare environment has unanticipated situations (i.e. emergency situations) where access to information is essential. Most traditional policies do not allow for overriding. A policy that allows for \"Break-The-Glass (BTG)\" was implemented in order to override access control whilst providing for non-repudiation mechanisms for its usage. The policy was easily integrated within the model confirming its modularity and the fact that user intervention in defining security procedures is crucial to its successful implementation and use","PeriodicalId":208693,"journal":{"name":"19th IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS'06)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115842377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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